Adenozinski receptor — разлика између измена

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==Farmakologija==
==Farmakologija==
Kod ljudi postoje četiri adenozinska receptora. Svaki od njih je kodiran zasebnim genom i ima različite funkcije, mada postoje manja preklapanja.<ref name="pmid17874974">{{cite journal | author = Gao ZG, Jacobson KA | title = Emerging adenosine receptor agonists | journal = Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 479–92 | year = 2007 | month = September | pmid = 17874974 | doi = 10.1517/14728214.12.3.479 | url = | issn = }}</ref> Na primer, oba, A<sub>1</sub> i A<sub>2A</sub> receptor imaju ulogu u srcu, gde regulišu [[Miokardni mišić|miokardnu]] potrošnju kiseonika i [[Koronarna cirkulacija|koronarni]] protok krvi, dok A<sub>2A</sub> receptor ima šire antiinflamatorne efekte u celom telu.<ref name="pmid18160539">{{cite journal | author = Haskó G, Pacher P | title = A2A receptors in inflammation and injury: lessons learned from transgenic animals | journal = Journal of Leukocyte Biology | volume = 83 | issue = 3 | pages = 447–55 | year = 2008 | month = March | pmid = 18160539 | pmc = 2268631 | doi = 10.1189/jlb.0607359 | url = | issn = }}</ref> Ova dva receptora takođe imaju važne uloge u mozgu,<ref name="pmid16806272">{{cite journal | author = Kalda A, Yu L, Oztas E, Chen JF | title = Novel neuroprotection by caffeine and adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson's disease | journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences | volume = 248 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 9–15 | year = 2006 | month = October | pmid = 16806272 | doi = 10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.003 | url = | issn = }}</ref> gde regulišu oslobađanje [[neurotransmiter]]a poput [[dopamin]]a i [[glutamat]]a,<ref name="pmid17572452">{{cite journal | author = Fuxe K, Ferré S, Genedani S, Franco R, Agnati LF | title = Adenosine receptor-dopamine receptor interactions in the basal ganglia and their relevance for brain function | journal = Physiology & Behavior | volume = 92 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 210–7 | year = 2007 | month = September | pmid = 17572452 | doi = 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.034 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17646043">{{cite journal | author = Schiffmann SN, Fisone G, Moresco R, Cunha RA, Ferré S | title = Adenosine A2A receptors and basal ganglia physiology | journal = Progress in Neurobiology | volume = 83 | issue = 5 | pages = 277–92 | year = 2007 | month = December | pmid = 17646043 | pmc = 2148496 | doi = 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.05.001 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid18537674">{{cite journal | author = Cunha RA, Ferré S, Vaugeois JM, Chen JF | title = Potential therapeutic interest of adenosine A2A receptors in psychiatric disorders | journal = Current Pharmaceutical Design | volume = 14 | issue = 15 | pages = 1512–24 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18537674 | pmc = 2423946 | doi = 10.2174/138161208784480090| url = | issn = }}</ref> dok su A<sub>2B</sub> i A<sub>3</sub> receptori locirani uglavnom periferno i učestvuju u procesima kao što su inflamacija i imunski responsi.
Kod ljudi postoje četiri adenozinska receptora. Svaki od njih je kodiran zasebnim genom i ima različite funkcije, mada postoje manja preklapanja.<ref name="pmid17874974">{{cite journal | author = Gao ZG, Jacobson KA | title = Emerging adenosine receptor agonists | journal = Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 479–92 | year = 2007 | month = September | pmid = 17874974 | doi = 10.1517/14728214.12.3.479 | url = | issn = }}</ref> Na primer, oba, A<sub>1</sub> i A<sub>2A</sub> receptor imaju ulogu u srcu, gde regulišu [[Miokardni mišić|miokardnu]] potrošnju kiseonika i [[Koronarna cirkulacija|koronarni]] protok krvi, dok A<sub>2A</sub> receptor ima šire antiinflamatorne efekte u celom telu.<ref name="pmid18160539">{{cite journal | author = Haskó G, Pacher P | title = A2A receptors in inflammation and injury: lessons learned from transgenic animals | journal = Journal of Leukocyte Biology | volume = 83 | issue = 3 | pages = 447–55 | year = 2008 | month = March | pmid = 18160539 | pmc = 2268631 | doi = 10.1189/jlb.0607359 | url = | issn = }}</ref> Ova dva receptora takođe imaju važne uloge u mozgu,<ref name="pmid16806272">{{cite journal | author = Kalda A, Yu L, Oztas E, Chen JF | title = Novel neuroprotection by caffeine and adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson's disease | journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences | volume = 248 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 9–15 | year = 2006 | month = October | pmid = 16806272 | doi = 10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.003 | url = | issn = }}</ref> gde regulišu oslobađanje [[neurotransmiter]]a poput [[dopamin]]a i [[glutamat]]a,<ref name="pmid17572452">{{cite journal | author = Fuxe K, Ferré S, Genedani S, Franco R, Agnati LF | title = Adenosine receptor-dopamine receptor interactions in the basal ganglia and their relevance for brain function | journal = Physiology & Behavior | volume = 92 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 210–7 | year = 2007 | month = September | pmid = 17572452 | doi = 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.034 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17646043">{{cite journal | author = Schiffmann SN, Fisone G, Moresco R, Cunha RA, Ferré S | title = Adenosine A2A receptors and basal ganglia physiology | journal = Progress in Neurobiology | volume = 83 | issue = 5 | pages = 277–92 | year = 2007 | month = December | pmid = 17646043 | pmc = 2148496 | doi = 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.05.001 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid18537674">{{cite journal | author = Cunha RA, Ferré S, Vaugeois JM, Chen JF | title = Potential therapeutic interest of adenosine A2A receptors in psychiatric disorders | journal = Current Pharmaceutical Design | volume = 14 | issue = 15 | pages = 1512–24 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18537674 | pmc = 2423946 | doi = 10.2174/138161208784480090| url = | issn = }}</ref> dok su A<sub>2B</sub> i A<sub>3</sub> receptori locirani uglavnom periferno i učestvuju u procesima kao što su inflamacija i imunski responsi.

Većina starijih hemijskih jedinjenja koja deluju na adenozinske receptore nisu selektivna. [[Endogen]]i agonist [[adenozin]] se koristi u bolnicama za tretman jake [[tahikardija|tahikardije]] (ubrzanog kucanja srca),<ref name="pmid17408751">{{cite journal | author = Peart JN, Headrick JP | title = Adenosinergic cardioprotection: multiple receptors, multiple pathways | journal = Pharmacology & Therapeutics | volume = 114 | issue = 2 | pages = 208–21 | year = 2007 | month = May | pmid = 17408751 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.02.004 | url = | issn = }}</ref>. On usporava rad srca delujući direktno sva četiri adenozinska receptora u srčanom tkivu,<ref name="pmid17999026">{{cite journal | author = Cohen MV, Downey JM | title = Adenosine: trigger and mediator of cardioprotection | journal = Basic Research in Cardiology | volume = 103 | issue = 3 | pages = 203–15 | year = 2008 | month = May | pmid = 17999026 | doi = 10.1007/s00395-007-0687-7 | url = | issn = }}</ref> kao i proizvodeći [[Trankvilajzeri|sedativni]] efekat delujući na A<sub>1</sub> i A<sub>2A</sub> receptore u mozgu. Derivati [[ksantin]]a kao što je [[kofein]] i [[teofilin]] dejstvuju kao neselektivni [[antagonist (farmakologija)|antagonisti]] na A<sub>1</sub> i A<sub>2A</sub> receptorima u srcu i mozgu, i imaju suprotan efekat adenozinu, proizvodeći [[Psihostimulansi|stimulaciju]] i ubrzani rad srca.<ref name="pmid18088379">{{cite journal | author = Ferré S | title = An update on the mechanisms of the psychostimulant effects of caffeine | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 105 | issue = 4 | pages = 1067–79 | year = 2008 | month = May | pmid = 18088379 | doi = 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05196.x | url = | issn = }}</ref> Ta jedinjenja takođe deluju kao [[inhibitor fosfodiesteraze|inhibitori fosfodiesteraze]], čime se proizvode dodatni [[antiinflamatorni]] efekti. Oni su medicinski korisni u tretmanu obolenja kao što je [[astma]], ali su manje podesni za upotrebu u naučnim istraživanjima.<ref name="pmid17373584">{{cite journal | author = Osadchii OE | title = Myocardial phosphodiesterases and regulation of cardiac contractility in health and cardiac disease | journal = Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy / Sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 171–94 | year = 2007 | month = June | pmid = 17373584 | doi = 10.1007/s10557-007-6014-6 | url = | issn = }}</ref>


== Literatura ==
== Literatura ==

Верзија на датум 11. фебруар 2011. у 02:23

Adenozinski receptori (ili P1 receptori[1]) su klasa purinskih receptora, G protein-spregnutih receptora sa adenozinom kao endogenim ligandom.[2]

Farmakologija

Kod ljudi postoje četiri adenozinska receptora. Svaki od njih je kodiran zasebnim genom i ima različite funkcije, mada postoje manja preklapanja.[3] Na primer, oba, A1 i A2A receptor imaju ulogu u srcu, gde regulišu miokardnu potrošnju kiseonika i koronarni protok krvi, dok A2A receptor ima šire antiinflamatorne efekte u celom telu.[4] Ova dva receptora takođe imaju važne uloge u mozgu,[5] gde regulišu oslobađanje neurotransmitera poput dopamina i glutamata,[6][7][8] dok su A2B i A3 receptori locirani uglavnom periferno i učestvuju u procesima kao što su inflamacija i imunski responsi.

Većina starijih hemijskih jedinjenja koja deluju na adenozinske receptore nisu selektivna. Endogeni agonist adenozin se koristi u bolnicama za tretman jake tahikardije (ubrzanog kucanja srca),[9]. On usporava rad srca delujući direktno sva četiri adenozinska receptora u srčanom tkivu,[10] kao i proizvodeći sedativni efekat delujući na A1 i A2A receptore u mozgu. Derivati ksantina kao što je kofein i teofilin dejstvuju kao neselektivni antagonisti na A1 i A2A receptorima u srcu i mozgu, i imaju suprotan efekat adenozinu, proizvodeći stimulaciju i ubrzani rad srca.[11] Ta jedinjenja takođe deluju kao inhibitori fosfodiesteraze, čime se proizvode dodatni antiinflamatorni efekti. Oni su medicinski korisni u tretmanu obolenja kao što je astma, ali su manje podesni za upotrebu u naučnim istraživanjima.[12]

Literatura

  1. ^ Fredholm BB, Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G, Dubyak GR, Harden TK, Jacobson KA, Schwabe U, Williams M (1997). „Towards a revised nomenclature for P1 and P2 receptors”. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 18 (3): 79—82. PMID 9133776. doi:10.1016/S0165-6147(96)01038-3. 
  2. ^ Fredholm BB, IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Klotz KN, Linden J (2001). „International Union of Pharmacology. XXV. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors”. Pharmacol. Rev. 53 (4): 527—52. PMID 11734617. 
  3. ^ Gao ZG, Jacobson KA (2007). „Emerging adenosine receptor agonists”. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs. 12 (3): 479—92. PMID 17874974. doi:10.1517/14728214.12.3.479.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  4. ^ Haskó G, Pacher P (2008). „A2A receptors in inflammation and injury: lessons learned from transgenic animals”. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 83 (3): 447—55. PMC 2268631Слободан приступ. PMID 18160539. doi:10.1189/jlb.0607359.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  5. ^ Kalda A, Yu L, Oztas E, Chen JF (2006). „Novel neuroprotection by caffeine and adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson's disease”. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 248 (1-2): 9—15. PMID 16806272. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.003.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  6. ^ Fuxe K, Ferré S, Genedani S, Franco R, Agnati LF (2007). „Adenosine receptor-dopamine receptor interactions in the basal ganglia and their relevance for brain function”. Physiology & Behavior. 92 (1-2): 210—7. PMID 17572452. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.034.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  7. ^ Schiffmann SN, Fisone G, Moresco R, Cunha RA, Ferré S (2007). „Adenosine A2A receptors and basal ganglia physiology”. Progress in Neurobiology. 83 (5): 277—92. PMC 2148496Слободан приступ. PMID 17646043. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.05.001.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  8. ^ Cunha RA, Ferré S, Vaugeois JM, Chen JF (2008). „Potential therapeutic interest of adenosine A2A receptors in psychiatric disorders”. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 14 (15): 1512—24. PMC 2423946Слободан приступ. PMID 18537674. doi:10.2174/138161208784480090. 
  9. ^ Peart JN, Headrick JP (2007). „Adenosinergic cardioprotection: multiple receptors, multiple pathways”. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 114 (2): 208—21. PMID 17408751. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.02.004.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  10. ^ Cohen MV, Downey JM (2008). „Adenosine: trigger and mediator of cardioprotection”. Basic Research in Cardiology. 103 (3): 203—15. PMID 17999026. doi:10.1007/s00395-007-0687-7.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  11. ^ Ferré S (2008). „An update on the mechanisms of the psychostimulant effects of caffeine”. Journal of Neurochemistry. 105 (4): 1067—79. PMID 18088379. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05196.x.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)
  12. ^ Osadchii OE (2007). „Myocardial phosphodiesterases and regulation of cardiac contractility in health and cardiac disease”. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy / Sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 21 (3): 171—94. PMID 17373584. doi:10.1007/s10557-007-6014-6.  Непознати параметар |month= игнорисан (помоћ)