Gyrista

Gyrista
	Gyristan predstavnici
Научна класификација
(нерангирано):	Diaphoretickes
Кладус:	TSAR
Кладус:	SAR
Инфрацарство:	Heterokonta
Тип:	Gyrista; Cavalier-Smith 1998
Klase
	Bigyromonada Developea; Pirsonea; ; Pseudofungi Oomycetes; Hyphochytrea; ; Ochrophytina ?Olisthodiscophyceae; Chrysista Limnistia Chrysophyceae; Eustigmatophyceae; Synchromophyceae; ; Raphidoistia Raphidomonadea; ; Fucistia Aurophyceae; Chrysomerophyceae; Chrysoparadoxophyceae; Phaeosacciophyceae; Phaeophyceae; Schizocladiophyceae; Xanthophyceae; ; ; Diatomista Hypogyrista Dictyochophyceae; Pinguiophyceae; ; Khakista Bolidophyceae; Bacillariophyceae; ; ; ;

Gyrista je razdeo heterokontnih protista koji sadrži tri različite grupe: uglavnom fotosintetičku Ochrophyta, parazitsku Pseudofungi i nedavno opisanu grupu nanoflagelata poznatu kao Bigyromonada.^[2] Članove ovog tipa karakteriše prisustvo heliksa ili dvostrukog heliksa/prstena u cilijarnom prelaznom regionu.^[1]

Filogenija[уреди | уреди извор]

Gyrista je viđena 2017. kao sestrinska grupa za tip Bigyra, koji sadrži Sagenista i Opalozoa. Zajedno, Gyrista i Bigyra čine nadrazdeo Stramenopiles ili Heterokonta.^[2]^[3]

Stramenopiles

Bigyra

Opalozoa

	Placidozoa

	Bikosia

Gyrista

	Chrysista

	Diatomista

Filogenetskom analizom 2022. pronađena je monofiletska Bigyromonada sestra Pseudofungi. „Bigyra” je parafiletska:^[4]

	Developea

	Pirsonea

Pseudofungi

Ochrophyta

Klasifikacija[уреди | уреди извор]

Revidirana taksonomija Girista iz 2018. je sledeća,^[2] sa uključivanjem novih klasa okrofita opisanih u 2020^[5] i 2021.^[6]

Podrazdeo Bigyromonada Cavalier-Smith 1998
- Klasa Developea Aleoshin et al. ex Cavalier-Smith 2017 [=Bigyromonadea Cavalier-Smith 1997]
- Klasa Pirsonea Cavalier-Smith 2017^[2]
Podrazdeo Pseudofungi Cavalier-Smith 1986 [=Heterokontimycotina M.W. Dick 1976]
- Klasa Hyphochytrea Cavalier-Smith 1986 [=Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker 1969]
- Klasa Oomycetes Winter in Rabenhorst 1879 [=Oomycota Arx 1967; Peronosporomycetes M.W. Dick 2001]
Podrazdeo Ochrophytina Cavalier-Smith 1995 [=Heterokontophyta van den Hoek et al. 1978; Stramenochromes Leipe et al. 1994]
- Infrarazdeo Chrysista Cavalier-Smith 1991
  - Nadklasa Limnistia Cavalier-Smith 1996 emend. 2006
    - Klasa Eustigmatophyceae Hibberd & Leedale (1971)
    - Klasa Chrysomonadea Saville-Kent 1881 stat. nov. Pascher 1910 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2017 [=Chrysophyceae Pascher 1914]
    - Klasa Picophagea Cavalier-Smith 2006 emend. 2017 [=Synchromophyceae Horn et al. 2007]
  - Nadklasa Raphidoistia Cavalier-Smith 1986 orth. mut. 2006
    - Klasa Raphidomonadea Chadefaud ex Silva 1980
      - Podklasa Raphidophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
      - Podklasa Raphopoda Cavalier-Smith 2013
  - Nadklasa Fucistia Cavalier-Smith 1995
    - Klasa Aurophyceae Cavalier-Smith 2013
      - Podklasa Aurearenophycidae Kai Yoshii Nakayama & Inouye 2008 (as Aurearenophyceae)^[7] stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2013^[8]
      - Podklasa Phaeothamniophycidae Andersen & Bailey 1998 (as Phaeothamniophyceae) stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2006
    - Klasa Chrysomerophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995
    - Klasa Chrysoparadoxophyceae Wetherbee et al. 2019
    - Klasa Phaeosacciophyceae R.A.Andersen L.Graf & H.S.Yoon 2020^[5]
    - Klasa Schizocladiophyceae Henry Okuda & Kawai 2003
    - Klasa Phaeophyceae Kjellman 1891 [=Fucophyceae Warming 1884; Melanophyceae Rabenhorst 1863]
      - Podklasa Discosporangiophycidae
      - Podklasa Ishigeophycidae Silberfeld F. Rousseau & Reviers 2014^[9]
      - Podklasa Dictyotophycidae Silberfeld F. Rousseau & Reviers 2014^[9]
      - Podklasa Fucophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986
    - Klasa Xanthophyceae Allorge ex Fritsch 1935 [=Tribophyceae Hibberd 1981;^[10] Heterokontae Luther 1899]
- Infrarazdeo Diatomista Derelle et al. ex Cavalier-Smith 2017
  - Nadklasa Hypogyrista Cavalier-Smith 1995 stat. nov. 2006
    - Klasa Dictyochophyceae Silva 1980 [=Dictyochia Haeckel 1894; Alophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2006]
      - Podklasa Pedinellia Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 2017 [=Actinochrysophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995; Axodines]
      - Podklasa Pelagophycidae Andersen & Saunders 1993 (as Pelagophyceae) ex Cavalier-Smith 2006
      - ?Podklasa Sulcophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 – ?Sulcochrysis^[а]
    - Klasa Pinguiophyceae Kawachi et al. 2002
  - Nadklasa Khakista Cavalier-Smith 2000 stat. nov. 2017
    - Klasa Bolidophyceae
    - Klasa Diatomeae [=Bacillariophyceae]
      - Podklasa Corethrophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
      - Podklasa Rhizosoleniophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
      - Podklasa Eucentricophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2000
      - Podklasa Bacillariophycidae [=Pennatia Pennatia Schütt 1896; =Pennatophycidae]
- Ochrophytina incertae sedis
  - Klasa Olisthodiscophyceae Barcytė Eikrem & M. Eliáš 2021^[6]

Nopomene[уреди | уреди извор]

^ Cavalier-Smith suggested that Sulcochrysis is possibly related to Olisthodiscus and grouped both genera within this subclass.^[8]^[2] However a study in 2021 reveals that Olisthodiscales is part of a new class Olisthodiscophyceae which includes only the genus Olisthodiscus. The position of the genus Sulcochrysis ostaje neizvesno zbog nedostatka DNK sekvenci.^[6]

Reference[уреди | уреди извор]

^ ^а ^б Cavalier-Smith T (август 1998). „A revised six-kingdom system of life”. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 73 (3): 203—266. PMID 9809012. doi:10.1017/s0006323198005167.
^ ^а ^б ^в ^г ^д ^ђ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017). „Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences”. Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297—357. PMC 5756292 . PMID 28875267. S2CID 254085270. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3 .
^ Derelle R, López-García P, Timpano H, Moreira D (новембар 2016). „A Phylogenomic Framework to Study the Diversity and Evolution of Stramenopiles (=Heterokonts)”. Mol Biol Evol. 33 (11): 2890—2898. PMC 5482393 . PMID 27512113. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw168 .
^ Cho A, Tikhonenkov DV, Hehenberger E, Karnkowska A, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ (2022). „Monophyly of diverse Bigyromonadea and their impact on phylogenomic relationships within stramenopiles” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 171 (107468): 107468. ISSN 1055-7903. S2CID 247815732. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107468.
^ ^а ^б Graf L, Yang EC, Han KY, Küpper FC, Benes KM, Oyadomari JK, Herbert RJH, Verbruggen H, Wetherbee R, Andersen RA, Yoon HS (децембар 2020). „Multigene Phylogeny, Morphological Observation and Re-examination of the Literature Lead to the Description of the Phaeosacciophyceae Classis Nova and Four New Species of the Heterokontophyta SI Clade”. Protist. 171 (6): 125781. PMID 33278705. S2CID 227315556. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2020.125781 .
^ ^а ^б ^в Dovilė Barcytė; Wenche Eikrem; Anette Engesmo; Sergio Seoane; Jens Wohlmann; Aleš Horák; Tatiana Yurchenko; Marek Eliáš (2. 3. 2021). „Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta”. Journal of Phycology. 57 (4): 1094—1118. PMID 33655496. doi:10.1111/jpy.13155 . hdl:10852/86515 .
^ Kai A, Yoshii Y, Nakayama T, Inouye I (2008). „Aurearenophyceae classis nova, a New Class of Heterokontophyta Based on a New Marine Unicellular Alga Aurearena cruciata gen. et sp. nov. Inhabiting Sandy Beaches”. Protist. 159 (3): 435—457. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 18358776. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.12.003.
^ ^а ^б Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2012). „Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes”. European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328—353. PMID 23219323. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002.
^ ^а ^б Silberfeld T, Rousseau F, de Reviers B (2014). „An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)”. Cryptogamie, Algologie. 35 (2): 117—156. S2CID 86227768. doi:10.7872/crya.v35.iss2.2014.117.
^ Hibberd DJ (фебруар 1981). „Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the algal classes Eustigmatophyceae and Tribophyceae (synonym Xanthophyceae)”. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 82 (2): 93—119. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00954.x.

[11] Cavalier-Smith suggested that Sulcochrysis is possibly related to Olisthodiscus and grouped both genera within this subclass.^[8]^[2] However a study in 2021 reveals that Olisthodiscales is part of a new class Olisthodiscophyceae which includes only the genus Olisthodiscus. The position of the genus Sulcochrysis ostaje neizvesno zbog nedostatka DNK sekvenci.^[6]

[6kingdoms1998-1] а ^б Cavalier-Smith T (август 1998). „A revised six-kingdom system of life”. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 73 (3): 203—266. PMID 9809012. doi:10.1017/s0006323198005167.

[8phyla-2] а ^б ^в ^г ^д ^ђ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017). „Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences”. Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297—357. PMC 5756292 . PMID 28875267. S2CID 254085270. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3 .

[FrameworkStramenopiles-3] Derelle R, López-García P, Timpano H, Moreira D (новембар 2016). „A Phylogenomic Framework to Study the Diversity and Evolution of Stramenopiles (=Heterokonts)”. Mol Biol Evol. 33 (11): 2890—2898. PMC 5482393 . PMID 27512113. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw168 .

[MonophylyOfBigyromonadea-4] Cho A, Tikhonenkov DV, Hehenberger E, Karnkowska A, Mylnikov AP, Keeling PJ (2022). „Monophyly of diverse Bigyromonadea and their impact on phylogenomic relationships within stramenopiles” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 171 (107468): 107468. ISSN 1055-7903. S2CID 247815732. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107468.

[Phaeosacciophyceae-5] а ^б Graf L, Yang EC, Han KY, Küpper FC, Benes KM, Oyadomari JK, Herbert RJH, Verbruggen H, Wetherbee R, Andersen RA, Yoon HS (децембар 2020). „Multigene Phylogeny, Morphological Observation and Re-examination of the Literature Lead to the Description of the Phaeosacciophyceae Classis Nova and Four New Species of the Heterokontophyta SI Clade”. Protist. 171 (6): 125781. PMID 33278705. S2CID 227315556. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2020.125781 .

[Olisthodiscophyceae-6] а ^б ^в Dovilė Barcytė; Wenche Eikrem; Anette Engesmo; Sergio Seoane; Jens Wohlmann; Aleš Horák; Tatiana Yurchenko; Marek Eliáš (2. 3. 2021). „Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta”. Journal of Phycology. 57 (4): 1094—1118. PMID 33655496. doi:10.1111/jpy.13155 . hdl:10852/86515 .

[Aurearena-7] Kai A, Yoshii Y, Nakayama T, Inouye I (2008). „Aurearenophyceae classis nova, a New Class of Heterokontophyta Based on a New Marine Unicellular Alga Aurearena cruciata gen. et sp. nov. Inhabiting Sandy Beaches”. Protist. 159 (3): 435—457. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 18358776. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.12.003.

[Incisomonas-8] а ^б Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2012). „Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes”. European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328—353. PMID 23219323. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002.

[UpdatedPhaeophyceae-9] а ^б Silberfeld T, Rousseau F, de Reviers B (2014). „An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)”. Cryptogamie, Algologie. 35 (2): 117—156. S2CID 86227768. doi:10.7872/crya.v35.iss2.2014.117.

[Tribophyceae-10] Hibberd DJ (фебруар 1981). „Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the algal classes Eustigmatophyceae and Tribophyceae (synonym Xanthophyceae)”. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 82 (2): 93—119. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00954.x.

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