Josif

	„Njegova braća su prepoznala Džozefa“ (slika Leona Pjera Urbana Buržoa iz 1863.)
Datum rođenja	1562. p. n. e.[traži se izvor]
Mesto rođenja	Haran
Datum smrti	1452. p. n. e.[traži se izvor]
Mesto smrti	Egipat
Mesto ukopa	Josifov grob, Nablus; 32° 12′ 47″ S; 35° 16′ 58″ I / 32.2130268° S; 35.2829153° I

Prorok Josif (hebr. יוֹסֵף, arap. يوسف [Yūsuf ili Yūsif], hebr. יוֹסֵף;^[1] standard: Yōsef, tiberijski: Yōsēp̄; alternativno: יְהוֹסֵף,^[2]^[3] dosl. 'Yahweh dodaće'; standard: Yəhōsef, tiberijski: Yŏhōsēp̄;^[4] arap. يوسف; stgrč. Ἰωσήφ) bio je jedanaesti od dvanaest sinova Jakovljevih. Prema svedočanstvu Svetog pisma Staroga zaveta njegova braća su ga zbog ljubomore kao veoma mladog prodali u roblje.^[1] Kao rob je bio odveden u Egipat, gde je nakon nekog vremena primljen na dvor egipatskog faraona koji ga je postavio za upravnika kraljevstva i učinio najmoćnijim i najuticajnijim u Egiptu.

Kompozicija priče se može datirati u period između 7. veka pre nove ere i treće četvrtine 5. veka p. n. e., što je otprilike period u koji naučnici datiraju Knjigu Postanja.^[5] U rabinskoj tradiciji, on se smatra pretkom drugog Mesije zvanog „Mašijah ben Josef“, koji će voditi rat protiv sila zla zajedno sa Mašijah ben Davidom i poginuti u borbi sa neprijateljima Boga i Izraela.^[6]

Prorok Josif u Svetom pismu[uredi | uredi izvor]

Kasnije je svojoj braći oprostio i celu porodicu preselio u Egipat. Bio je poznat kao iscelitelj, graditelj, arhitekta i kao darovit čovek u mnogim oblastima.

I kad Josif dođe k braći svojoj, svukoše s njega haljinu njegovu, haljinu šarenu, koju imaše na sebi. I uhvativši ga baciše ga u jamu; a jama beše prazna, ne beše vode u njoj. Posle sedoše da jedu. I podigavši oči ugledaše, a to gomila Ismailjaca iđaše od Galada s kamilama natovarenim mirisavog korenja i tamjana i smirne, te nošahu u Misir. (1 Moj. 37:26, 1 Moj. 37:36, Priče 30:20) I reče Juda braći svojoj: Kakva će biti korist što ćemo ubiti brata svog i zatajiti krv njegovu? (1 Moj. 4:10, Jov 16:18) Hajde da ga prodamo ovim Ismailjcima pa da ne dižemo ruke svoje na nj, jer nam je brat, naše je telo. I poslušaše ga braća njegova. (1 Moj. 29:14, 1 Moj. 42:21) Pa kad trgovci madijanski behu pored njih, oni izvukoše i izvadiše Josifa iz jame, i prodadoše Josifa Ismailjcima za dvadeset srebrnika; i oni odvedoše Josifa u Misir. (1 Moj. 39:1, 1 Moj. 45:4, 5 Moj. 33:16, Sud. 6:3, Psal. 105:17, Mat. 27:9, Dela 7:9)

Zavera protiv Josifa[uredi | uredi izvor]

Josifova polubraća su bila ljubomorna na njega; (Genesis 37:18–20) zbog čega je u Dotanu većina njih skovala zaveru da ga ubije, sa izuzetkom Ruvima,^[7]^[8] koji je predložio da se Josif baci u praznu cisternu, nameravajući da spase Josifa. Ne znajući za ovu sporednu nameru, ostali su ga prvo poslušali.^[a] Kada su Josifa zatvorili, braća su ugledala karavan kamila kako nosi začine i mirise u Egipat, i prodala Josifa ovim trgovcima.^[b] Nakon toga su kriva braća natopila kozjom krvi Josifovo kaput i pokazala ga Jakovu, koji je stoga verovao da je Josif mrtav (Genesis 37:12–35).

Potifarova kuća[uredi | uredi izvor]

Na kraju, Josif je prodat Potifaru, kapetanu faraonove garde (Genesis 37:36, Genesis 39:1). Kasnije je Josif postao Potifarov lični sluga, a potom i nadzornik njegovog domaćinstva. Ovde je Potifarova žena (nazvana Zulejka u kasnijoj tradiciji) pokušala da zavede Josifa, što je on odbio. Ljuta što je pobegao od nje, iznela je lažnu optužbu za silovanje i tako osigurala da završi u zatvoru^[v] (Genesis 39:1–20).

Pretpostavke o vezi sa Imhotepom[uredi | uredi izvor]

Pojedini arheolozi i istoriografi poistovećuju Josifa sa egipatskim sveštenikom Imhotepom. Naime, veliki broj činjenica vezanih za živote jednoga i drugoga se poklapaju. Obojica nisu kraljevskog porekla ali su bili izuzetno bliski faraonu. Oboje su cenjeni kao veliki mudraci, lekari, arhitekte, graditelji. Gradnja prvih piramidalnih građevina se vezuje za obojicu, a nije bio redak slučaj u tim vremenima da Jevreji pripadnike svoga naroda nazivaju jevrejskim imenom iako on zvanično nosi egipatko ime. To je bio slučaj kod gotovo svih stranaca koji su radili u faraonovoj administraciji.

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Jusuf, prorok u islamu

Napomene[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ According to Josephus, Reuben tied a cord around Joseph and let him down gently into the pit. Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 2.3.2. , Perseus Project AJ2.3.2, .
^ The Septuagint sets his price at twenty pieces of gold; the Testament of Gad thirty of gold; the Hebrew and Samaritan twenty of silver; the Vulgar Latin thirty of silver; Josephus at twenty pounds
^ Josephus claims that Potiphar fell for his wife's crocodile tears although he did not believe Joseph capable of the crime.Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 2.4.1. , Perseus Project AJ2.4.1, .

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ ^a ^b Gesenius & Robinson 1882, str. 391. sfn greška: više ciljeva (2×): CITEREFGeseniusRobinson1882 (help)
^ „Psalms 81:6”. Sefaria.
^ „Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 3084”. Bible Hub.
^ Khan, Geoffrey (2020). The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1. Open Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1783746767.
^ Redford 1970, str. 242: "several episodes in the narrative, and the plot motifs themselves, find some parallel in Saite, Persian, or Ptolemaic Egypt. It is the sheer weight of evidence, and not the argument from silence, that leads to the conclusion that the seventh century B.C. is the terminus a quo for the Egyptian background to the Joseph Story. If we assign the third quarter of the fifth century B.C.E. as the terminus ante quem, we are left with a span of two and one half centuries, comprising in terms of Egyptian history the Saite and early Persian periods."
^ Blidstein, Gerald J. (2007). Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael; Thomson Gale (Firm), ur. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 14. str. 112—113. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4. OCLC 123527471. Pristupljeno 7. 11. 2019. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ Genesis 37:21–22
^ Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 2.3.1. , Perseus Project AJ2.3.1, .

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

Blidstein, Gerald J. (2007). Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael; Thomson Gale (Firm), ur. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 14. str. 112—113. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4. OCLC 123527471. Pristupljeno 7. 11. 2019. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Gesenius, Wilhelm; Robinson, Edward (1882). A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Houghton Mifflin and Company.
Jastrow, Marcus (1903). A dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic literature. 1. London: Luzac & Co.
Kugel, James L. (1990). In Potiphar's House: The Interpretive Life of Biblical Texts. HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 978-0-06-064907-4.
Lang, Bernhard (2009). Joseph in Egypt: A Cultural Icon from Grotius to Goethe. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15156-5.
Naghdy, Fazel (2012). A Tutorial on the Kitab-i-iqan: A Journey Through the Book of Certitude. Fazel Naghdy. ISBN 978-1-4663-1100-8.
Redford, Donald B. (1970). A study of the biblical story of Joseph: (Genesis 37–50). Leiden: Brill.
Redford, Donald B. (1993) [1992]. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00086-2.
Smith, Morton (1984). „Jewish religious life in the Persian period”. Ur.: Davies, William David; Finkelstein, Louis. The Cambridge History of Judaism: Introduction; The Persian period. SUNY series in Judaica. Cambridge University Press. str. 219—78. ISBN 978-0-521-21880-1.
Scharfstein, Sol (2008). Torah and Commentary: The Five Books of Moses : Translation, Rabbinic and Contemporary Commentary. KTAV. ISBN 978-1-60280-020-5.
Schenke, Hans-Martin (1968). „Jacobsbrunnen-Josephsgrab-Sychar. Topographische Untersuchungen und Erwägungen in der Perspektive von Joh. 4,5.6”. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 84 (2): 159—84. JSTOR 27930842.
Gesenius, Wilhelm; Robinson, Edward (1882). A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Houghton Mifflin and Company.
Soggin, J.A. (1993). „Notes on the Joseph Story”. Ur.: A. Graeme Auld. Understanding Poets and Prophets: Essays in Honour of George Wishart Anderson. Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781850754275.
Soggin, J. Alberto (1999). An Introduction to the History of Israel and Judah. Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd. ISBN 978-0-334-02788-1.
Tottoli, Roberto (2002). Biblical Prophets in the Qur'ān and Muslim Literature. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-7007-1394-3.
de Hoop, Raymond (1999). Genesis 49 in its literary and historical context. Oudtestamentische studiën, Oudtestamentisch Werkgezelschap in Nederland. 39. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-10913-1.
Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2001). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2338-6. Pristupljeno 11. 9. 2011. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Genung, Matthew C. (2017). The Composition of Genesis 37: Incoherence and Meaning in the Exposition of the Joseph Story. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-155150-5. Tekst „Forschungen zum Alten Testament 2. Reihe. 95. ” ignorisan (pomoć)
Goldman, Shalom (1995). The wiles of women/the wiles of men: Joseph and Potiphar's wife in ancient Near Eastern, Jewish, and Islamic folklore. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2683-8.
Louden, Bruce (2011). „The Odyssey and the myth of Joseph; Autolykos and Jacob”. Homer's Odyssey and the Near East. Cambridge University Press. str. 57—104. ISBN 978-0-521-76820-7.
Moore, Megan Bishop; Kelle, Brad E (2011). Biblical History and Israel's Past: The Changing Study of the Bible and History. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-6260-0.
Rivka, Ulmer (2009). Egyptian cultural icons in Midrash. Studia Judaica. 52. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-022392-7. Pristupljeno 8. 9. 2011. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Sills, Deborah (1997). „Strange Bedfellows: Politics and Narrative in Philo”. Ur.: Breslauer, S. Daniel. The seductiveness of Jewish myth: challenge or response?. SUNY series in Judaica. SUNY. str. 171—90. ISBN 978-0-7914-3602-8. Pristupljeno 8. 9. 2011. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Sperling, S. David (2003). The Original Torah: The Political Intent of the Bible's Writers. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9833-1. Pristupljeno 8. 9. 2011. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
Völter, Daniel (1909). Aegypten und die Bibel: die Urgeschichte Israels im Licht der aegyptischen Mythologie (4th izd.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Pristupljeno 8. 9. 2011. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

[9] According to Josephus, Reuben tied a cord around Joseph and let him down gently into the pit. Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 2.3.2. , Perseus Project AJ2.3.2, .

[10] The Septuagint sets his price at twenty pieces of gold; the Testament of Gad thirty of gold; the Hebrew and Samaritan twenty of silver; the Vulgar Latin thirty of silver; Josephus at twenty pounds

[11] Josephus claims that Potiphar fell for his wife's crocodile tears although he did not believe Joseph capable of the crime.Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 2.4.1. , Perseus Project AJ2.4.1, .

[FOOTNOTEGeseniusRobinson1882391-1] Gesenius & Robinson 1882, str. 391. sfn greška: više ciljeva (2×): CITEREFGeseniusRobinson1882 (help)

[2] „Psalms 81:6”. Sefaria.

[:0-3] „Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 3084”. Bible Hub.

[4] Khan, Geoffrey (2020). The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1. Open Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1783746767.

[FOOTNOTERedford1970242-5] Redford 1970, str. 242: "several episodes in the narrative, and the plot motifs themselves, find some parallel in Saite, Persian, or Ptolemaic Egypt. It is the sheer weight of evidence, and not the argument from silence, that leads to the conclusion that the seventh century B.C. is the terminus a quo for the Egyptian background to the Joseph Story. If we assign the third quarter of the fifth century B.C.E. as the terminus ante quem, we are left with a span of two and one half centuries, comprising in terms of Egyptian history the Saite and early Persian periods."

[Skolnik_Berenbaum_Thomson_Gale_(Firm)_2007-6] Blidstein, Gerald J. (2007). Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael; Thomson Gale (Firm), ur. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 14. str. 112—113. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4. OCLC 123527471. Pristupljeno 7. 11. 2019. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[:1-7] Genesis 37:21–22

[8] Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 2.3.1. , Perseus Project AJ2.3.1, .

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