General Motors
General Motors Company | |
---|---|
Raniji naziv | General Motors Corporation |
javno | |
Berzni simbol | |
Industrija | automobilska |
Osnovano |
|
Osnivač | Vilijam K. Djurant |
Sedište | Detroit, Mičigen, SAD |
Prihod | 171.8 mlrd. $ (2023)[2] |
Operativni prihod | 9,298 mlrd. $ (2023)[2] |
Profit | 9,840 mlrd. $ (2023)[2] |
Ukupna aktiva | 273,1 mlrd. $ (2023)[2] |
Ukupan kapital | 68,19 mlrd. $ (2023)[2] |
Broj zaposlenih | 163.000 (2023)[2] |
Divizija | |
Veb-sajt | www |
General Motors Company (transkr. Dženeral motors kampani; skraćeno GM)[2] američki je proizvođač automobila sa sedištem u Detroitu.[3] Pozant je kao proizvođač četiri marke automobila — Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac i Buick. Najveći je proizvođač automobila u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, a 77 godina uzastopno je bio i najveći na svetu dok ga tokom 2008. nije pretekla Toyota.[4][5]
Osnovan je 16. septembra 1908. kao holding za Buick, najvećeg proizvođača konjskih zaprega u to vreme. U prvoj polovini 20. veka General Motors je prerastao u automobilskog velikana kroz akvizicije. U drugoj polovini, General Motors je težio inovacijama i novim ponudama potrošačima, kao i saradnji sa Nasom na razvoju najranijih električnih vozila.[6][7] Današnji entitet je osnovan 2009. nakon reorganizacije preduzeća.[8]
Od 2024. General Motors zauzima 25. mesto po ukupnom prihodu na top-listi Fortune 500 i 50. mesto na top-listi Fortune Global 500.[9][10] Godine 2023. našao se na 70. mestu top-liste Forbes Global 2000.[11] Godine 2021. General Motors je objavio svoju nameru da okonča proizvodnju vozila sa motorima sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem do 2035, kao deo svog plana da postigne neutralnost ugljenika do 2040.[12]
Brendovi[uredi | uredi izvor]
Zemlja porekla |
Brend[13] | Osnivanje | Početak proizvodnje |
Pristup GM |
---|---|---|---|---|
SAD | BrightDrop | 2021. | 2022. | 2021. |
SAD | Buick | 1899. | 1903. | 1908. |
SAD | Cadillac | 1902. | 1902. | 1909. |
SAD | Chevrolet | 1911. | 1911. | 1918. |
SAD | GMC | 1912. | 1912. | 1919. |
Kina | Baojun | 2010. | 2010. | 2010. |
Kina | Wuling | 2002. | 2002. | 2002. |
Logotipi[uredi | uredi izvor]
Evolucija logotipa GM tokom godina:[14]
-
1938—1964.[14]
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Mark of Excellence (1964—2021)[14]
-
2001—2021.[14]
-
2010—2021.[14]
-
2021 (gradijent)[14]
-
2021 (ujednačen)[15]
-
2022 (sa tekstom)[16]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ „Department of State, Division of Corporations (General Information Name Search)”. Delaware.
- ^ a b v g d đ e „General Motors Company 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report”. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 30. 1. 2024.
- ^ „General Motors | History, Deals, & Facts”. Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2. 5. 2022.
- ^ Bunkley, Nick (21. 1. 2009). „Toyota Ahead of G.M. in 2008 Sales”. The New York Times.
- ^ „U.S. light vehicle market share by automotive manufacturers”. Statista.
- ^ „GM Heritage | General Motors”. www.gm.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 18. 9. 2023.
- ^ „William Durant creates General Motors”. HISTORY (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2. 5. 2022.
- ^ Bigman, Dan. „How General Motors Was Really Saved: The Untold True Story Of The Most Important Bankruptcy In U.S. History”. Forbes (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2. 5. 2022.
- ^ „General Motors | 2023 Fortune Global 500”. Fortune (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 18. 9. 2023.
- ^ „Fortune 500: General Motors”. Arhivirano iz originala 14. 1. 2023. g.
- ^ „The Global 2000 2023”. Forbes (na jeziku: engleski). Arhivirano iz originala 2024-01-29. g. Pristupljeno 2024-02-07.
- ^ Boudette, Neal E.; Davenport, Coral (28. 1. 2021). „G.M. Will Sell Only Zero-Emission Vehicles by 2035”. The New York Times.
- ^ Finlay, David (10. 1. 2021). „Here Are All 43 GM Brands, Listed In One Place” (Saopštenje). US: GM. Pristupljeno 11. 4. 2022.
- ^ a b v g d đ GM redesigns iconic corporate logo as part new 'Everybody In' EV push by Kalea Hall on The Detroit News – January 8, 2021
- ^ GM Joins Flat Logo Redesign Movement, Hiding Electric Vehicle Cue in the Design By Rain Noe - January 11, 2021
- ^ GM Brochure, 1 Feb 2022
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
- „G.M.'s Road From Prosperity to Crisis”. The New York Times. 31. 5. 2009. Arhivirano iz originala 4. 6. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 1. 6. 2009.
- Bunkley, Nick (25. 5. 2011). „Automotive Industry Crisis”. The New York Times. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 10. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 9. 9. 2012.
- Goolsbee, Austan D.; Krueger, Alan B. (2015). „A retrospective look at rescuing and restructuring General Motors and Chrysler”. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 29 (2): 3—24.
- Barabba, Vincent P. (2004). Surviving Transformation: Lessons from GM's Surprising Turnaround. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517141-9. OCLC 474580094. Arhivirano iz originala 01. 01. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 29. 10. 2015.
- Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. (1964). Giant Enterprise: Ford, General Motors, and the Automobile Industry. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. ISBN 978-0-405-13349-7. OCLC 63017200.
- Cray, Ed (1980). Chrome Colossus: General Motors and Its Times. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-013493-5. OCLC 6223723.
- Farber, David R. (2002). Sloan Rules: Alfred P. Sloan and the Triumph of General Motors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-23804-3. OCLC 49558636. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 1. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 29. 10. 2015.
- Gustin, Lawrence R. (2008) [1973]. Billy Durant: Creator of General Motors. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-03302-7. OCLC 179794253.
- Halberstam, David (1986). The Reckoning. A Thomas Congdon book. New York: Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-04838-9. OCLC 246158814.
- Keller, Maryann (1989). Rude Awakening: The Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors. New York: Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-07527-9. OCLC 423222597.
- Kimes, Beverly Rae, ur. (1989). The Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942 (2nd izd.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87341-111-0.
- Leslie, Stuart W. (1983). Boss Kettering. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05600-7. OCLC 8845819.
- Maxton, Graeme P.; Wormald, John (2004). Time for a Model Change: Re-Engineering the Global Automotive Industry. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83715-6. OCLC 54826137. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 1. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 29. 10. 2015.
- Maynard, Micheline (2003). The End of Detroit: How the Big Three Lost Their Grip on the American Car Market. New York: Currency/Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-50769-1. OCLC 52623614.
- Pelfrey, William (2006). Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of Two Unique Men, a Legendary Company, and a Remarkable Time in American History. New York: AMACOM. ISBN 978-0-8144-0869-8. OCLC 61362777. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 1. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 29. 10. 2015.
- Pound, Arthur (1934). The turning wheel; the story of General Motors through twenty-five years, 1908-1933.
- Rae, John Bell (1965). The American Automobile; A Brief History. The Chicago history of American civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 236834.
- Robertson, Heather (1995). Driving force: The McLaughlin family and the age of the car. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-7556-8A history of the businesses of Samuel McLaughlin and family, and the beginnings of General Motors Canada Ltd.
- Weisberger, Bernard A. (1979). The Dream Maker: William C. Durant, Founder of General Motors. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-92874-8. OCLC 5736758.