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Ramana Maharši
Sri Ramana Maharshi in his late 60s
Ramana Maharši in svojim kasnim 60-im
Puno imeRamana Maharshi
Ime po rođenjuVenkataraman Ijer
Druga imenaVenkataraman Iyer
Datum rođenja30 decembar 1879(1879-12-30)
Mesto rođenjaTiručuzi, Virudunagar
 Indija
Datum smrti14. april 1950.(1950-04-14) (70 god.)
Mesto smrtiSri Ramana Ašram, Tiruvanamalaj, Tamil Nadu
 Indija
PrebivališteIndija
Državljanstvoindijsko
Zanimanjefilozof

Ramana Mahar[i /ˈrʌmənə ˈməhʌrʃi/ (30. decembar 1879 – 14. april 1950) bio je indijski sage[1] and jivanmukta (liberated being).[2] He was born Venkataraman Iyer, but is most commonly known by the name Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi.[3][note 1]

He was born in what is now Tiruchuli, Tamil Nadu, India. In 1895, an attraction to the sacred hill Arunachala and the 63 Nayanmars was aroused in him,[4] and in 1896, at the age of 16, he had a "death-experience" where he became aware of a "current" or "force" (avesam) which he recognised as his true "I" or "self",[web 1][5] and which he later identified with "the personal God, or Iswara",[web 1] that is, Shiva. This resulted in a state that he later described as "the state of mind of Iswara or the jnani".[web 1][note 2] Six weeks later he left his uncle's home in Madurai, and journeyed to the holy mountain Arunachala, in Tiruvannamalai, where he took on the role of a sannyasin (though not formally initiated), and remained for the rest of his life.

He soon attracted devotees who regarded him as an avatar and came to him for darshan ("the sight of God"), and in later years an ashram grew up around him, where visitors received upadesa ("spiritual instruction")[7] by sitting silently in his company asking questions.[8] Since the 1930s his teachings have been popularized in the West, resulting in his worldwide recognition as an enlightened being.[9]

Ramana Maharshi approved a number of paths and practices,[3] but recommended self-enquiry as the principal means to remove ignorance and abide in Self-awareness,[web 2][10] together with bhakti (devotion) or surrender to the Self..[web 2]

Radovi

Književno delo

  • Gambhiram Sheshayya, Vichāra Sangraham, "Self-Enquiry". Answers to questions, compiled in 1901, published in dialogue-form, republished as essay in 1939 as A Cathechism of Enquiry. Also published in 1944 in Heinrich Zimmer's Der Weg zum Selbst.[11]
  • Sivaprakasam Oillai, Nān Yār?, "Who am I?". Answers to questions, compiled in 1902, first published in 1923.[11][web 3]
  • Five Hymns to Arunachala:
    • Akshara Mana Malai, "The Marital Garland of Letters". In 1914, at the request of a devotee, Ramana wrote Akshara Mana Malai for his devotees to sing while on their rounds for alms. It's a hymn in praise of Shiva, manifest as the mountain Arunachala. The hymn consists of 108 stanzas composed in poetic Tamil.[web 4]
    • Navamani Mālai, "The Necklet of Nine Gems".
    • Arunāchala Patikam, "Eleven Verses to Sri Arunachala".
    • Arunāchala Ashtakam, "Eight Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
    • Arunāchala Pañcharatna, "Five Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
  • Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi, Upadesha Sāra (Upadesha Undiyar), "The Essence of Instruction". In 1927 Muruganar started a poem on the Gods, but asked Ramana to write thirty verses on upadesha, "teaching" or "instruction".[12]
  • Ramana Maharshi, Ulladu narpadu, "Forty Verses on Reality". Written in 1928.[13] First English translation and commentary by S.S. Cohen in 1931.
  • Ullada Nārpadu Anubandham, "Reality in Forty Verses: Supplement". Forty stanzas, fifteen of which are being written by Ramana. The other twenty-five are translations of various Sanskrit-texts.[14]
  • Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi (1930s), Ramana Puranam.[web 5]
  • Ekātma Pañchakam, "Five Verses on the Self". Written in 1947, at the request of a female devotee.[15]

Snimljeni razgovori

Several collections of recorded talks, in which Sri Ramana used Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam,[3] have been published. Those are based on written transcripts, which were "hurriedly written down in English by his official interpreters".[3][note 3]

Sećanja

  • Frank Hamfris, britanski policajac stationiran u Indiji, posetio je Ramana Maharšija 1911. godine i pisao je članke o njemu, koji su bili prvo objavljeni u časopisu The International Psychic Gazette 1913. godine.[16][note 4]
  • Paul Brunton (1935), A Search in Secret India. This book introduced Ramana Maharshi to a western audience.[17]
  • Cohen, S.S. (2003). Guru Ramana. Sri Ramanashram.  First published 1956.
  • Chadwick, Major A. W. (1961). A Sadhu's Reminiscences of Ramana Maharshi (PDF). Sri Ramanashram. 
  • Nagamma, Suri (1973). Letters from Ramanasram by Suri Nagamma. Tiruvannamalai: Sriramanasasram. 
  • Kunjuswami, Living with the Master. Recordings of Kunjuswami's experiences with Ramana Maharshi from 1920 on.[web 7] ISBN 81-88018-99-6
  • G. V. Subbaramayya, Sri Ramana Reminiscences. "The account covers the years between 1933 and 1950".[web 8]

Dokumentarni filmovi

Napomene

  1. ^ Bhagavan means God, Sri is an honorific title, Ramana is a short form of Venkataraman, and Maharshi means 'great seer' in Sanskrit. The name was given to him in 1907 by one of his first devotees, Ganapati Muni.
  2. ^ Heinrich Zimmer uses the term "the intuition of the enlightened". Ramana, as cited by Zimmer: "When I later in Tiruvannamalai listened, how the Ribhu Gita and such sacred texts were read, I caught these things and discovered that these books named and analysed, what I before involuntarily felt, without being able to appoint or analyse. In the language of these books I could denote the state in which I found myself after my awakening as 'cleaned understanding' (shuddham manas) or "Insight" (Vijñāna): as 'the intuition of the Enlightened'".[6]
  3. ^ David Godman: "Because some of the interpreters were not completely fluent in English some of the transcriptions were either ungrammatical or written in a kind of stilted English which occasionally makes Sri Ramana sound like a pompous Victorian."[3]
  4. ^ See Frank H. Humphreys, Glimpses of the Life and Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi for Humphreys writings on Ramana Maharshi.
  1. ^ а б в David godman (7 May 2008), Bhagavan's death experience, The Mountain Path, 1981, pp. 67–69
  2. ^ а б David Godman, The unity of surrender and Self-enquiry
  3. ^ Who am I? – pdf
  4. ^ Self Inquiry (19. 6. 2012). „Sri Ramana Maharshi's Aksharamanamalai.m4v”. YouTube. Приступљено 4. 8. 2012. 
  5. ^ Ramana Puranam
  6. ^ Society of Abidance in Truth, Origin of Spiritual Instruction
  7. ^ Veda Yoga Books, Living with the Master
  8. ^ sriramanamaharshi.org, Sri Ramana Reminiscences

Reference

  1. ^ Sharma 2006.
  2. ^ Fort 1998, стр. 134-151.
  3. ^ а б в г д Godman 1985.
  4. ^ Osborne 2002, стр. 5-6. sfn грешка: више циљева (2×): CITEREFOsborne2002 (help)
  5. ^ Godman 1985, стр. 4.
  6. ^ Zimmer 1948, стр. 23.
  7. ^ Osborne 1959.
  8. ^ Godman 1985, стр. 5.
  9. ^ Lucas 2011.
  10. ^ Zimmer 1948.
  11. ^ а б Renard 1999, стр. 19-20.
  12. ^ Renard 1999, стр. 24.
  13. ^ Renard 1999, стр. 25.
  14. ^ Renard 1999, стр. 26.
  15. ^ Renard 1999, стр. 27.
  16. ^ Osborne 2002, стр. 106, 111. sfn грешка: више циљева (2×): CITEREFOsborne2002 (help)
  17. ^ Ebert 2006, стр. 140. sfn грешка: више циљева (2×): CITEREFEbert2006 (help)

Literatura

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  • Cohen, S.S. (1980), Memoirs and Notes, Tiruvannamalai: Sri Ramanasramam 
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Spoljašnje veze

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