Извор странице Društvene nauke

'''Društvene nauke''' proučavaju razne aspekte socijalnog života [[Društvo|društva]] ili [[individua|pojedinca]], primenom [[Nauka|naučnih]] [[metodika|metodologija]]. Društvene nauke obuhvataju [[antropologija|antropologiju]], [[komunikologija|komunikologiju]], [[ekonomija|ekonomiju]], [[antropogeografija|antropogeografiju]], [[istorija|istoriju]], [[politikologija|politikologiju]], [[psihologija|psihologiju]] i [[sociologija|sociologiju]].<ref name="Giddens Intro">Giddens, Anthony, Duneier, Mitchell, Applebaum, Richard. 2007. ''Introduction to Sociology. Sixth Edition.'' New York: W.W. Norton and Company. Chapter 1.</ref><ref name="Kuper1985">Kuper, A., and Kuper, J. (1985). ''The Social Science Encyclopaedia''.</ref><ref name="Peck1897">Peck, H.T., Peabody, S.H., and Richardson, C.F. (1897). ''The International Cyclopedia, A Compendium of Human Knowledge''. Rev. with large additions. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.</ref>

== Istorija društvenih nauka ==
{{Glavni-lat|Istorija društvenih nauka}}

Reč „nauka” starija je od svoje moderne upotrebe. Uticajem [[pozitivizam|pozitivizma]] reč je postala skraćenica za „[[prirodne nauke]]”. Društvo je tek nedavnim razvitkom postalo objekt organizovanog korpusa znanja koje se može standardizirati i o njemu objektivno promišljati,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S3zZ18tt3gkC|title=The Social Science Encyclopedia|last=Kuper|first=Adam|date=1996|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-10829-4|language=en}}</ref> sledeći vlastita pravila i metodologiju.

=== Antička Grčka ===
{{Glavni-lat|Antička Grčka}}

U antičkoj filozofiji nije postojala razlika između [[matematika|matematike]] i proučavanja [[istorija|istorije]], [[poezija|poezije]] ili [[politika|politike]]. Tek se razvojem [[математички доказ|matematičkog dokaza]] postupno isticala percipirana razlika između „naučnih” i drugih disciplina. [[Aristotel]] je stoga proučavao [[orbita|planetarno kretanje]] i poeziju istim metodama, a [[Platon]] je kombinovao [[geometrija|geometrijske]] dokaze s vlastitom demonstracijom stanja intrinzičnog znanja.

=== Islamska civilizacija ===
{{Glavni-lat|Islamska sociologija|Rana islamska sociologija}}
{{Glavni-lat|Islamska ekonomija u svetu|Islamska psihologija|Istoriografija ranog islama}}

Značajne doprinose društvenim naukama ostvarili su [[islamska nauka|muslimanski naučnici]] u [[zlatno doba islama|islamskoj civilizaciji]]. [[Бируни|Al-Biruni]] (973 - 1048) nazivan je „prvim [[antropologija|antropologom]]”. On je napisao detaljne komparativne studije o [[antropologija|antropologiji]] naroda, religija i kultura na [[Bliski Istok|Bliskom istoku]], [[Sredozemno more|Mediteranu]] i u [[južna Azija|južnoj Aziji]]. Al-Birunijeva antropologija religije bila je jedina moguća stvar za naučnika duboko uronjenog u nauke drugih naroda. Nekoliko je naučnika takođe hvalilo Birunija zbog njegove [[islam]]ske antropologije. 

[[Ibn Haldun]] (1332 - 1406) smatran je ocem [[demografija|demografije]], [[istoriografija|istoriografije]], [[filozofija istorije|filozofije istorije]], [[sociologija|sociologije]] i društvenih nauka, te označen pionirom moderne [[ekonomija|ekonomije]]. Najpoznatiji je po svom delu ''[[Muqaddimah|Mukadimah]]'' ([[grčki jezik|grčki]] ''Prolegomenon'').

=== Evropska misao ===
{{Glavni-lat|Prosvetiteljstvo}}

Nakon pada Rima, koji je učinio malo po pitanju nauke, teoretisanje je prešlo u ruke sveštenstva i grupe učenjaka poznatih kao skolastici. Istaknuti mislioci [[srednji vek|srednjeg veka]] poput [[Пјер Абелар|Abelarа]], [[Јован Скот Еријугена|Erijugene]], [[Анселмо Кентерберијски|Сv. Anselma]] i [[John of Salisbury|Ivana od Sоlsberija]] napisali su nekoliko komentara o ekonomskoj analizi. [[Toma Akvinski]] je u 13. veku izrazio zanimanje za političku sociologiju, te je pisao o ekonomiji. Neposredno pred [[renesansa|renesansu]] oko 14. veka Buridanus i Oresmius pisali su o novcu. U 15. veku Sv. Antonin Firentinski pisao je o opštem ekonomskom procesu. U 16. veku Leonard de Lejs (Lesius), Huan de Lego, a posebno Luj Molina pisali su o ekonomskim temama. Ovi pisci fokusirali su se na objašnjavanje vlasništva kao nečega za „javno dobro”.

Reprezentativne figure 17. veka bili su [[David Hartley|Dejvid Hartli]], Hugo Grotius, [[Томас Хобс|Tiomas Hobs]], [[Džon Lok]], te Samuel fon Putendorf. Tomas Hobs je raspravljao kako [[дедукција|deduktivno zaključivanje]] iz [[aksiom]]a stvara naučni okvir, te je stoga njegov ''[[Левијатан (спис)|Levijatan]]'' bio naučni opis političkog [[komonvelt nacija|komonvelta]]. U osamnaestom veku društvene nauke su se nazivale moralnom filozofijom nasuprot prirodnoj filozofiji i matematici, a uključivale su prirodnu teologiju, prirodnu etiku, prirodnu jurisprudenciju te politiku koja je uključivala ekonomiju i financije („dohodak”). Čista filozofija, logika, književnost i istorija bili su izvan te dve kategorije. [[Adam Smit]] bio je profesor moralne filozofije, te učenik [[Франсис Хачисон|Fransisa Hačisona]]. Ličnosti tog vremena bili su [[Fransoa Kene]], Ruso, [[Đanbatista Viko]], [[Vilijam Godvin]], [[Gabriel Bonnet de Mably|Gabriel Bonet de Mabli]], te [[André Morellet|Andre Morelet]]. [[Francuska enciklopedija]] koja je nastala u to vreme sadržavala je različita dela o društvenim naukama.

== Reference ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Literatura ==
{{Литература|30em}}
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{{Литература крај}}

== Spoljašnje veze ==
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{{Литература|30em}}
* -{[http://icrhs.tsukuba.ac.jp/en/ Institute for Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences (ICR)] (JAPAN)}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028070226/http://www.uel.ac.uk/cswr/index.htm Centre for Social Work Research]}-
* -{[http://www.uel-ftsrc.org/ Family Therapy and Systemic Research Centre] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uel-ftsrc.org/ |date=20110728141249 }}}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312160638/http://www.sobiad.org/icss-conference/icss-main.htm International Conference on Social Sciences]}-
* -{[http://www.unesco.org/ngo/issc International Social Science Council]}-
* -{[http://www.ashgate.com/pdf/SamplePages/There_is_No_Such_Thing_as_a_Social_Science_Intro.pdf Introduction to Hutchinson et al., ''There's No Such Thing as a Social Science'']}-
* -{[http://www.intute.ac.uk/socialsciences/ Intute: Social Sciences (UK)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.intute.ac.uk/socialsciences/ |date=20101111204023 }}}-
* -{[http://www.sobiad.org/english.html Social Science Research Society] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sobiad.org/english.html |date=20110728034525 }}}-
* -{[http://www.vl-site.org/index.html Social Science Virtual Library]}-
* -{[http://www.canaktan.org/ Social Science Virtual Library: Canaktanweb (Turkish)]}-
* -{[http://social-sciences-and-humanities.com/ Social Sciences And Humanities] {{Wayback|url=http://social-sciences-and-humanities.com/ |date=20090808061817 }}}-
* -{[http://xlab.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley Experimental Social Science Laboratory]}-
* -{[http://monthlyreview.org/100501baran.php The Dialectic of Social Science] by Paul A. Baran}-
* -{[http://www.humanitiescommission.org/ American Academy ''Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.humanitiescommission.org/ |date=20170504000637 }}}-
{{Литература крај}}

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