Muslimansko osvajanje na Indijskom potkontinentu

Muslimansko osvajanje na Indijskom potkontinentu odvijalo se uglavnom od 12. do 16. veka, mada ranija muslimanska osvajanja obuhvataju invazije u moderni Avganistan i Pakistan i Omejadske kampanje u Indiji, u vreme Radžputskih kraljevstava u 8. veku. Mahmud Gaznivi, prvi vladar koji je nosio titulu sultana i koji je očuvao ideološku vezu sa sizerenstvom Abasidskog kalifata, napao je i pljačkao ogromne delove Pundžaba u Gudžaratu, počevši od reke Ind, tokom 10. veka.

Guridsko carstvo kojim su vladali Muhamed Guri i Abul-Fatіh Gori postavilo je temelje muslimanske vladavine u Indiji, nakon zauzimanja Lahora i preostalih Gaznavida. Godine 1206. je Baktijar Kaldži, čija je invazija prouzrokovala nestanak budizma iz Istočne Indije, predvodio muslimansko osvajanja Bengala, što predstavlja najistočniju ekspanziju islama u to vreme. Guridsko carstvo je ubrzo evoluiralo u Delhijski sultanat kojim je vladao Kutb al-din Ajbak, osnivač dinastije Mameluka. Uspostavljanjem Delhijskog sultanata, islam se proširio na većinu delova indijskog potkontinenta.

U 14. veku, dinastija Kaldži, pod Ala-Ud-Din Haldžijem, privremeno je proširila muslimansku vlast na jug do Gujarata, Radžastana i Dekana, dok je dinastija Tuglakida privremeno proširila svoj teritorijalni doseg do Tamil Nadua. Raspad Delhijskog sultanata doveo je do pojave nekoliko muslimanskih sultanata i dinastija širom indijskog potkontinenta, kao što su Gujaratski sultanat, Malvanski sultanat, Bahmanski sultanat i bogati Bengalski sultanat, glavna trgovinska država u svetu. U nekima od njih su usledila hinduistička ponovna osvajanja i otpor domaćih sila, te su nastale države kao što su Vidžajanagara, Gadžapati, Čero, Redi i Radžput.

Pre punog uspona Mogulskog carstva koje je osnovao Babur, jednog od barutnih carstava, koje je anektiralo skoro sve vladajuće elite čitave Južne Azije, Suridsko carstvo kojim je upravljao Šer Šah Suri osvojilo je velike teritorije u severnim delovima Indije. Akbar Veliki je postepeno proširio Mogulsko carstvo tako da je obuhvatalo skoro celu Južnu Aziju, dok je zenit postignut krajem 17. veka, kada je vladavina pod carem Aurangzebom osvedočila potpuno uspostavljanje islamskog šerijata kroz Fatavu Alamgiri.

Muguli su pretrpeli masovni pad u ranom 18. veku nakon invazije afšaridskog vladara Nader Šaha, neočekivanog napada koji je ponizio čak i Britansko carstvo. Ovo je pružilo mogućnosti moćnom kraljevstvu Majsur, Navabima Bengala i Muršidabada, Carstvu Marata, Carstvu Sika i Nizamima Hiderabada da uspostave kontrolu nad velikim regionima indijskog potkontinenta.

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Spoljašnje veze

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