Љубичица — разлика између измена

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ВизуелноВикитекст
м Враћене измене 24.135.249.178 (разговор) на последњу измену корисника Soundwaweserb
ознака: враћање
.
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== Референце ==
== Референце ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|}}

== Литератруа ==
{{refbegin|30em}}

=== Књиге ===

* {{cite book|last=Armitage|first=Allan M.|title=Herbaceous Perennial Plants: A Treatise on their Identification, Culture, and Garden Attributes |edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kA6VgfxsstIC|date=1 May 2008|origyear=1989|publisher=[[Cool Springs Press]]|isbn=978-1-61058-380-0|chapter=Viola|pages=1038ff|ref=harv}}{{link note|note=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=zQXHjuqht40C additional excerpts]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ballard|first1=Harvey E|last2=Paula-Souza|first2=Juliana de|last3=Wahlert|first3=Gregory A|editor-last=Kubitzki|editor-first=Klaus|editorlink=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants. 11 Eudicots: Malpighiales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vlkyAEACAAJ|date=2013|publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]]|isbn=978-3-642-39417-1|chapter=Violaceae|pages=303–322|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759276|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al|2013}}}}{{link note|note=Also preview at [https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/book/978-3-642-39416-4 Springer]}}
* {{cite book<!--Deny Citation bot-->|last=Becker|first=Wilhelm|authorlink=Wilhelm Becker|title=Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten|date=1925|origyear=1887–1915|language=German|volume=21|publisher=Duncker & Humblot |location=Berlin|url=https://www.duncker-humblot.de/buch/die-natuerlichen-pflanzenfamilien-nebst-ihren-gattungen-und-wichtigeren-arten-insbesondere-den-nutzpflanzen-9783428011513/?page_id=0&typ=buc|editor1-last=Engler|editor1-first=Adolf|editor2-last=Prantl|editor2-first=Karl|editorlink1=Adolf Engler|editorlink2=Karl Anton Prantl|edition=2nd|chapter=Viola|pages=363–376|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last= Cronquist|first= Arthur | authorlink=Arthur Cronquist|date = 1981 | title = An integrated system of classification of flowering plants | url = https://archive.org/details/integratedsystem0000cron | url-access = registration | location = New York | publisher = [[Columbia University Press]] | page = [https://archive.org/details/integratedsystem0000cron/page/404 404]|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Cullen|editor-first=James|title=Handbook of North European Garden Plants: With Keys to Families and Genera|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2kxDjY_JgwC|date= 2001|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-00411-4|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Cullen|editor-first1=James|editor-last2=Knees|editor-first2=Sabina G.|editor-last3=Cubey|editor-first3=H. Suzanne|last=Walters|first=S M|authorlink=S M Walters|title=The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass. Vol IV Aquifoliaceae - Hydropyhllacea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaD8XmgCYHsC|date= 2011|origyear=1984|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-521-76160-4|chapter=Viola Linnaeus|pages=102–107|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Alan|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|chapter=Violet|isbn=978-0-19-967733-7|ref=harv}}, ''see also'' [[The Oxford Companion to Food]]
* {{cite book |last1=Gershoy |first1=A |title=Studies in North American violets. III. Chromosome numbers and species characters. Bulletin no. 367 |date=1934 |publisher=Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Maxwell|first=Catherine|title=Scents and Sensibility: Perfume in Victorian Literary Culture|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cZ83DwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA76|date= 2017|chapter=Perfumed melodies, Violet memories: Scent and remembrance in the nineteenth century|publisher=[[OUP Oxford]]|isbn=978-0-19-100521-3|pages=66–84|ref=harv}}{{Link note|note=additional excerpts as [https://books.google.ca/books?id=7Zg6DwAAQBAJ e-book]}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Robuchon|editor-first=Joël|title=Larousse gastronomique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pa6SnAEACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=[[Éditions Larousse|Larousse]]|isbn=978-2-03-560227-5|chapter=Violette|page=1106|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/DictionnaireLarousseGastronomique/page/n1105/mode/2up|ref=harv}}, {{link note|note=''see also'' [[Larousse Gastronomique]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Rendle|first=Alfred Barton|title=The Classification of Flowering Plants: Volume 2, Dicotyledons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fuo8AAAAIAAJ|date=1925|publisher=[[CUP Archive]]|isbn=978-0-521-06057-8|ref=harv}}{{link note|note=Full text [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/95518#/summary available] at [[Biodiversity Heritage Library|BHL]]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Walters|first1=Dirk R.|last2=Keil|first2=David J.|title=Vascular Plant Taxonomy|url=https://archive.org/details/vascularplanttax00walt|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company|edition=4th|isbn=978-0-7872-2108-9|ref=harv}}, {{link note|note= also [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbaNxSnNoecC available] at [[Google Books]]}}

;Историјски извори
* {{cite book|last1=Batsch|first1=August Johann Georg Karl|authorlink=August Batsch|title=Tabula affinitatum regni vegetabilis, quam delineavit, et nunc ulterius adumbratam |date=1802|publisher=Landes-Industrie-Comptoir|location=[[Weimar]]|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7569#/summary|language=la|chapter=Violariae|pages=57–59|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31965#page/77/mode/1up|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=G.|last2=Hooker|first2=J.D.|authorlink1=George Bentham|authorlink2=JD Hooker| title=Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita|format=3 vols.|year=1862|publisher=L Reeve & Co.|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/747#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Violarieae|issue=1|pages=114–121|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14680#page/125/mode/1up|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=de Candolle |first1=A. P. |authorlink=Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|title=Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta 17 vols. |date=1824–1873 |publisher=Treuttel et Würtz |location=Paris |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/286#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Violarieae|pages=287–316|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/154246#page/294/mode/1up|ref={{harvid|Candolle|1824}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Jussieu |first=Antoine Laurent de |authorlink=Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|title=Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV |location=Paris |year=1789 |oclc=5161409 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7125 |language=la|chapter=Cisti: Viola|page=294|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7125#page/389/mode/1up|ref=harv }}
* {{cite book|last1=de Lamarck|first1=Jean-Baptiste|last2=de Candolle|first2=AP|authorlink1=Lamarck|authorlink2=AP de Candolle|title=Flore française ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France disposées selon une nouvelle méthode d'analyse; et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la botanique|date=1815|origyear=1805|publisher=Desray|location=Paris|edition=3rd|volume=IV(2)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wfATAAAAQAAJ|language=fr|chapter=Violaceae|pages=801−810|ref=harv}} {{link note|note=''Latin Index page 931''}}
* {{cite book|last=Lindley|first=John|authorlink=John Lindley|title=The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system|publisher=Bradbury & Evans|location=London|date=1853|origyear=1846|edition=3rd.|url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/95459#/summary|chapter=Violaceae|pages=338−339|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173373#page/454/mode/1up|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carl |authorlink=Linnaeus|title=Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669#/summary|year=1753|volume=2|chapter=Viola|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13830#page/375/mode/1up|pages=933–937|publisher=Impensis Laurentii Salvii|location=Stockholm|ref=harv}}, ''see also'' [[Species Plantarum]]

=== Публикације ===

* {{cite journal |last1=Baskin |first1=Jerry M. |last2=Baskin |first2=Carol C. |title=Physiological Ecology of Germination of Viola rafinesquii |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |date=November 1972 |volume=59 |issue=10 |pages= 981–988|doi=10.2307/2441480|jstor=2441480|ref=harv}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Batista |first1=Francisco |last2=Sosa| first2=Pedro A.|title=Allozyme Diversity in Natural Populations of Viola palmensis Webb & Berth. (Violaceae) from La Palma (Canary Islands): Implications for Conservation Genetics |journal=[[Annals of Botany]] |date=31 October 2002 |volume=90 |issue=6 |pages=725–733 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcf256|pmid=12451028|pmc=4240367|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Beattie|first=A. J.|title=Pollination Mechanisms in Viola|date=March 1971|journal=[[New Phytologist]]|volume=70|issue=2|pages=343–360|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1971.tb02533.x|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Beattie|first1=A. J.|last2=Lyons|first2=N.|title=Seed Dispersal in Viola (Violaceae): Adaptations and Strategies|date=August 1975|journal=[[American Journal of Botany]]|volume=62|issue=7|pages=714–722|doi=10.2307/2442060|jstor=2442060|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Clausen |first1=Jens |title=Cytotaxonomy and distributional ecology of western North American violets |url=https://archive.org/details/madronowest1719631964cali/page/n205/mode/2up|journal=[[Madroño (journal)|Madroño]] |date=1964 |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=173–197 |jstor=41423141 |issn=0024-9637|ref=harv}}, ''also at'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/170319#/summary BHL]
* {{cite journal |last1=Culley |first1=Theresa M. |last2=Grubb |first2=Thomas C. |title=Genetic effects of habitat fragmentation in Viola pubescens (Violaceae), a perennial herb with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers |journal=Molecular Ecology |date=1 October 2003 |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=2919–2930 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01971.x|pmid=14629373 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Culley |first1=Theresa M. |last2=Klooster |first2=Matthew R. |title=The Cleistogamous Breeding System: A Review of Its Frequency, Evolution, and Ecology in Angiosperms |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225503104|journal=[[The Botanical Review]] |date=January 2007 |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=1–30 |doi=10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[1:TCBSAR]2.0.CO;2|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Culley |first1=T. M. |last2=Sbita |first2=S. J. |last3=Wick |first3=A. |title=Population Genetic Effects of Urban Habitat Fragmentation in the Perennial Herb Viola pubescens (Violaceae) using ISSR Markers |journal=[[Annals of Botany]] |date=13 March 2007 |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=91–100 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcm077|pmid=17556381|pmc=2735295|ref={{harvid|Culley et al|2007}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Culver |first1=David C. |last2=Beattie |first2=Andrew J. |title=Myrmecochory in Viola: Dynamics of Seed-Ant Interactions in Some West Virginia Species |journal=[[The Journal of Ecology]] |date=March 1978 |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=53–72 |doi=10.2307/2259181|jstor=2259181|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Elisafenko |first1=T. V. |title=Features of seed germination in different ecological groups of the species of the section Violidum, subgenus Nomimium, genus Viola L. (Violaceae) |journal=Contemporary Problems of Ecology |date=19 August 2015 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=523–533 |doi=10.1134/S199542551504006X|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Freitas |first1=L. |last2=Sosa|first2=M.|title=Floral Biology and Pollination Mechanisms in Two Viola Species-From Nectar to Pollen Flowers? |journal=[[Annals of Botany]] |date=19 December 2002 |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=311–317 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcg025|pmid=12547683|pmc=4244963|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Hildebrandt |first1=U. |last2=Kaldorf |first2=M. |last3=Bothe |first3=H. |title=The Zinc Violet and its Colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |journal=[[Journal of Plant Physiology]] |date=May 1999 |volume=154 |issue=5–6 |pages=709–717 |doi=10.1016/S0176-1617(99)80249-1|ref={{harvid|Hildebrandt et al|1999}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kopper |first1=Brian J. |last2=Charlton |first2=Ralph E. |last3=Margolies |first3=David C. |title=Oviposition Site Selection by the Regal Fritillary, Speyeria idalia, as Affected by Proximity of Violet Host Plants|journal=Journal of Insect Behavior |date=2000 |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=651–665 |doi=10.1023/A:1007887809621|ref={{harvid|Kopper et al|2000}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Łańcucka-Środoniowa |first1=Maria |title=Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) |journal=Acta Palaeobotanica |date=1979 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=3–117 |url=http://bomax.botany.pl/cgi-bin/pubs/data/article_pdf?id=2798|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lord |first1=E. M. |title=Cleistogamy: A tool for the study of floral morphogenesis, function and evolution |journal=[[The Botanical Review]] |date=October 1981 |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=421–449 |doi=10.1007/BF02860538|jstor=4353990|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Sungkyu|display-authors=etal|title=Cyclotide evolution: Insights from the analyses of their precursor sequences, structures and distribution in Violets (Viola)|journal=Frontiers in Plant Science|year=2017|volume=8|pages=92–110|doi=10.3389/fpls.2017.02058|pmid=29326730|pmc=5741643|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last=Saint-Hilaire|first=Auguste|authorlink=Auguste Saint-Hilaire|title=Tableau monographique des plantes de la flore du Brésil méridional appartenant au groupe (classe Br.) qui comprend qui comprend les Droséracées, les Violacées, les Cistinées et les Frankenicées: Violacées|journal=Annales du museum national d'histoire naturelle |volume=72|pages=445–498|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouJaAAAAcAAJ|year=1824|language=fr|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Shuey |first1=John |last2=Jacquart |first2=Ellen |last3=Orr |first3=Stuart |last4=Becker |first4=Fiona |last5=Nyberg |first5=Alyssa |last6=Littiken |first6=Robert |last7=Anchor |first7=Ted |last8=Luchik |first8=Derek |title=Landscape-scale response to local habitat restoration in the regal fritillary butterfly (Speyeria idalia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) |journal=Journal of Insect Conservation |date=9 September 2016 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=773–780 |doi=10.1007/s10841-016-9908-4|ref={{harvid|Shuey et al|2016}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Thiele |first1=Kevin R |last2=Prober |first2=Suzanne M |title=New species and a new hybrid in the Viola hederacea species complex, with notes on Viola hederacea Labill. |journal=[[Muelleria (journal)|Muelleria]] |date=2003 |volume=18 |pages=7–25 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268277479|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Tikhomirov |first1=V. N |title=A revision of the genus Viola section Plagiostigma (Violaceae) in Republic of Belarus. |journal=Botanicheskiĭ Zhurnal |date=2015 |volume=100 |issue=5 |pages=490–500 |url=https://www.cabi.org/ISC/abstract/20153338855 |language=ru|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Yockteng |first1=R. |last2=Jr Ballard |first2=H. E. |last3=Mansion |first3=G. |last4=Dajoz |first4=I. |last5=Nadot |first5=S. |title=Relationships among pansies ( Viola section Melanium ) investigated using ITS and ISSR markers |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225488190|jstor=23645153|journal=[[Plant Systematics and Evolution]] |date=1 November 2003 |volume=241 |issue=3–4 |pages=153–170 |doi=10.1007/s00606-003-0045-7|ref={{harvid|Yockteng et al|2003}}|citeseerx=10.1.1.721.5590 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Wahlert |first1=Gregory A. |last2=Marcussen |first2=Thomas |last3=de Paula-Souza |first3=Juliana |last4=Feng |first4=Min |last5=Ballard |first5=Harvey E. |title=A Phylogeny of the Violaceae (Malpighiales) Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences: Implications for Generic Diversity and Intrafamilial Classification |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256545045|journal=[[Systematic Botany]] |date=1 March 2014 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=239–252 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678008|ref={{harvid|Wahlert et al|2014}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=John M. |last2=Flores |first2=R. |title=A new name in section Andinium W.becker of the genus Viola L. (Violaceae) |journal=Gayana. Botánica |date=2003 |volume=60 |issue=2 |doi=10.4067/S0717-66432003000200009|ref=harv|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=John M. |last2=Flores |first2=Ana R. |last3=Arroyo-Leuenberger |first3=Silvia C. |title=A new Viola (Violaceae) from the Argentinian Andes |journal=[[Willdenowia (journal)|Willdenowia]] |date=25 March 2019 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=35 |doi=10.3372/wi.49.49105|doi-access=free|ref={{harvid|Watson et al|2019}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=John |last2=Watson |first2=Anita |title=Fire and Ice: Rosulate Viola Evolution Part One – The Stage is Set |journal=North American Rock Garden Society Quarterly |date=Fall 2012 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=360–366 |url=https://nargs.org/sites/default/files/free-rgq-downloads/roga_70-4.pdf|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Yoo |first1=Ki-Oug |last2=Jang |first2=Su-Kil |title=Infrageneric relationships of Korean Viola based on eight chloroplast markers |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |date=November 2010 |volume=48 |issue=6 |pages=474–481 |doi=10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00102.x|doi-access=free|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Zhou | first1 = J. S. |display-authors=etal | year = 2008 | title = ''Viola nanlingensis'' (Violaceae), a new species from Guangdong, southern China | url = http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anb45-free/anb45-233.pdf | journal = Annales Botanici Fennici | volume = 45 | issue = 3 | pages = 233–36 | doi = 10.5735/085.045.0312 |ref=harv }}

==== Филогенија и таксономија ====

* {{cite journal |last1=Ballard |first1=Harvey E. |last2=Sytsma |first2=Kenneth J. |title=Evolution And Biogeography Of The Woody Hawaiian Violets (Viola, Violaceae): Arctic Origins, Herbaceous Ancestry And Bird Dispersal |url=http://sytsma.botany.wisc.edu/pdf/Ballard00.pdf.|journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] |date=October 2000 |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=1521–1532 |doi=10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00698.x|pmid=11108581 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ballard |first1=Harvey E. |last2=Sytsma |first2=Kenneth J. |last3=Kowal |first3=Robert R. |title=Shrinking the Violets: Phylogenetic Relationships of Infrageneric Groups in Viola (Violaceae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA Sequences |url=http://sytsma.botany.wisc.edu/pdf/Ballard99.pdf|journal=[[Systematic Botany]] |date=October 1998 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=439 |doi=10.2307/2419376|jstor=2419376|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al|1998}}}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Ballard|first1= Harvey E|last2=Iltis|first2= Hugh H |title= ''Viola lilliputana'' sp. nov. (''Viola'' sect. ''Andinium'', Violaceae), one of the world's smallest violets, from the Andes of Peru|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257776309|year=2012| journal= [[Brittonia]] |volume =64 |issue=4|pages=353–358|doi = 10.1007/s12228-012-9238-0|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chervin |first1=Justine |last2=Talou |first2=Thierry |last3=Audonnet |first3=Marjorie |last4=Dumas |first4=Bernard |last5=Camborde |first5=Laurent |last6=Esquerré-Tugayé |first6=Marie-Thérèse |last7=Roux |first7=Christophe |last8=Cabanac |first8=Guillaume |last9=Marti |first9=Guillaume |title=Deciphering the phylogeny of violets based on multiplexed genetic and metabolomic approaches |url=https://www.irit.fr/publis/IRIS/2019_Phytochemistry_CTADCETRCM.pdf|journal=[[Phytochemistry (journal)|Phytochemistry]] |date=July 2019 |volume=163 |pages=99–110 |doi=10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.001|pmid=31035059 |ref={{harvid|Chervin et al|2019}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Danihelka |first1=Jiří |display-authors=etal|title=Viola montana and V. persicifolia (Violaceae): Two names to be rejected |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |date=December 2010 |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1869–1878 |doi=10.1002/tax.596019 |jstor=41059881 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233614694|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Fan |first1=Qiang |last2=Chen |first2=Sufang |last3=Wang |first3=Longyuan |last4=Chen |first4=Zaixiong |last5=Liao |first5=Wenbo |title=A new species and new section of Viola (Violaceae) from Guangdong, China |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |date=4 February 2015 |volume=197 |issue=1 |pages=15 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.197.1.2|doi-access=free|ref={{harvid|Fan et al|2015}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Gingins |first1=F de |authorlink=Frédéric Charles Jean Gingins de la Sarraz|title=Mémoires sur la Famille des Violacees |journal=Memoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève |date=1823 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–27 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39748#page/9/mode/1up |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Gonzáles |first1=Paúl |last2=Cano |first2=Asunción |title=Two new species of Viola (Violaceae) named in honor of preceding Peruvian botanists |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |date=2 November 2016 |volume=283 |issue=1 |pages=83–90 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Magrini |first1=Sara |last2=Scoppola |first2=Anna |title=Further studies in Viola Sect. Melanium (Violaceae). Identity and typification of Viola nana and V. henriquesii, two neglected European Atlantic taxa |url=https://digitale.cbnbl.org/documents/g6847.pdf|journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |date=13 October 2015 |volume=230 |issue=3 |pages=259 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.4|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Małobęcki |first1=Andrzej |last2=Marcussen |first2=Thomas |last3=Bohdanowicz |first3=Jerzy |last4=Migdałek |first4=Grzegorz |last5=Słomka |first5=Aneta |last6=Kuta |first6=Elżbieta |title=Cleistogamy and phylogenetic position of Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) re-examined |journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |date=September 2016 |volume=182 |issue=1 |pages=180–194 |doi=10.1111/boj.12460|ref={{harvid|Malobecki et al|2016}}|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Marcussen |first1=Thomas |last2=Oxelman |first2=Bengt |last3=Skog |first3=Anna |last4=Jakobsen |first4=Kjetill S |title=Evolution of plant RNA polymerase IV/V genes: evidence of subneofunctionalization of duplicated NRPD2/NRPE2-like paralogs in Viola (Violaceae) |journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]] |date=2010 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-45|pmid=20158916 |pmc=2834690 |ref={{harvid|Marcussen et al|2010}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Marcussen |first1=Thomas |last2=Jakobsen |first2=Kjetill S. |last3=Danihelka |first3=Jiří |last4=Ballard |first4=Harvey E. |last5=Blaxland |first5=Kim |last6=Brysting |first6=Anne K. |last7=Oxelman |first7=Bengt |title=Inferring Species Networks from Gene Trees in High-Polyploid North American and Hawaiian Violets (Viola, Violaceae) |journal=[[Systematic Biology (journal)|Systematic Biology]] |date=January 2012 |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syr096|pmid=21918178 |pmc=3243738 |doi-access=free|ref={{harvid|Marcussen et al|2012}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Marcussen |first1=Thomas |last2=Heier |first2=Lise |last3=Brysting |first3=Anne K. |last4=Oxelman |first4=Bengt |last5=Jakobsen |first5=Kjetill S. |title=From Gene Trees to a Dated Allopolyploid Network: Insights from the Angiosperm Genus Viola (Violaceae) |journal=[[Systematic Biology (journal)|Systematic Biology]] |date=January 2015 |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=84–101 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syu071|doi-access=free|pmid=25281848|pmc=4265142|ref={{harvid|Marcussen et al|2015}}}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ning | first1 = Z. L. |display-authors=etal | year = 2012 | title = ''Viola jinggangshanensis'' (Violaceae), a new species from Jiangxi, China | url = http://www.annbot.net/PDF/anb49-free/anb49-383i.pdf | journal = Annales Botanici Fennici | volume = 49 | issue = 5 | pages = 383–86 | doi = 10.5735/085.049.0610|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mohammadi Shahrestani |first1=Maryam |last2=Saeidi Mehrvarz |first2=Shahryar |last3=Marcussen |first3=Thomas |last4=Yousefi |first4=Narjes |title=Taxonomy and comparative anatomical studies of Viola sect. Sclerosium (Violaceae) in Iran |journal=[[Acta Botanica Gallica]] |date=5 August 2014 |volume=161 |issue=4 |pages=343–353 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2014.932702|doi-access=free|ref={{harvid|Shahrestani et al|2014}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Whang |first1=Sung Soo |title=A taxonomic study of Viola section Chamaemelanium in Korea-based on morphological characters |journal=Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy |date=31 December 2002 |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=397–416 |doi=10.11110/kjpt.2002.32.4.397 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323803706|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last=Wittrock|first=Veit Brecher|authorlink=Veit Brecher Wittrock|title=Viola-studier I. Morfologisk-biologiska och systematiska studier öfver Viola tricolor (L.) och hennes närmare anförvandter|journal=Acta Horti Bergiani: Meddelanden Från Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Trädgård Bergielund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExUYAAAAYAAJ|volume=2|issue=1|year=1892–1897|language=sv|ref=harv}}{{link note|note=also available [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86025#page/7/mode/1up here] at [[Biodiversity Heritage Library|BHL]]}}
* {{cite journal|last=Wittrock|first=Veit Brecher|authorlink=Veit Brecher Wittrock|authormask=1|title=Viola-studier II. Bidrag till de odlade penséernas historia med särskild hänsyn till deras härkomst|journal=Acta Horti Bergiani: Meddelanden Från Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Trädgård Bergielund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExUYAAAAYAAJ|volume=2|issue=7|year=1892–1897a|language=sv|ref=harv}}{{link note|note=also available [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86025#page/441/mode/1up here] at [[Biodiversity Heritage Library|BHL]]}}

==== Енциклопедије ====

* {{cite encyclopedia |last1= Hosch|first1= William L.|title=Viola |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/Viola-plant-genus |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=6 March 2020 |date=23 April 2008|ref=harv}}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Violet|short=x}}
* {{cite NSRW|wstitle=Violets|short=x}}
{{refend}}


== Спољашње везе ==
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Commonscat|Viola (Violaceae)}}
{{Commonscat|Viola (Violaceae)}}
{{refbegin|30em}}
* [http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/violaceae.htm Violaceae in Topwalks]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090708140024/http://www.herbier.ulaval.ca/specimens_types/template.php?pid=0045456 ''Viola charlestonensis'' type sheet] from Louis-Marie herbarium (Laval University; Isotype, holotype is at University of California).
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090708140024/http://www.herbier.ulaval.ca/specimens_types/template.php?pid=0045456 ''Viola charlestonensis'' type sheet] from Louis-Marie herbarium (Laval University; Isotype, holotype is at University of California).
* {{cite web |title=Viola |url=https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id38844/ |website=BioLib: Biological library |accessdate=28 February 2020 |date=2019|ref={{harvid|BioLib|2019}}}} (''taxonomy'')
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100125075959/http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/art/index_sumireka.htm Images of Japanese ''Viola''] Flavon's art gallery
** {{cite web |title=Viola capillaris Pers. |url=https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id418060/ |accessdate=19 March 2020|ref={{harvid|V capillaris|2020}}}}
* [http://www.americanvioletsociety.org/Species_N_Cultivars/Pansy.htm The American Violet Society]
* {{cite web |title=American Violet Society |url=http://www.americanvioletsociety.org/index.htm |accessdate=1 March 2020 |date=2007|ref={{harvid|AVS|2007}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Viola 'Little David' (Vtta) |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/83544/Viola-Little-David-(Vtta)/Details |website=Plants |publisher=[[Royal Horticultural Society]] |accessdate=4 March 2020 |date=2020|ref={{harvid|RHS Little David|2020}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Viola 'Königin Charlotte' (Vt) |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/215144/Viola-Konigin-Charlotte-(Vt)/Details|website=Plants |publisher=[[Royal Horticultural Society]] |accessdate=4 March 2020 |date=2020|ref={{harvid|RHS Konigin Charlotte|2020}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Violet, Common Blue (Viola papilionacea) |url=http://www.voyageurcountry.com/htmls/floweringplants/plants/violetblue.html |website=Voyageur Country: Flowering plants |accessdate=6 March 2020 |date=2020|ref={{harvid|VC|2020}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Natural history and research on Viola cazorlensis |url=http://ebd06.ebd.csic.es/organisms/vcazorlensis/Vcazorlensis.html |website=Alonso-Herrera Lab |publisher=[[Spanish National Research Council]] (CSIC) |accessdate=10 March 2020|ref={{harvid|CSIC|2020}}}}
* {{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=R.O. |last2=Deng |first2=Z. |last3=Harbaugh |first3=B.K. |title=Evaluation of Viola Cultivars as Bedding Plants for Florida |url=http://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/IR/00/00/17/73/00001/EP32700.pdf |website=Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS)|publisher=Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]], [[University of Florida]] |accessdate=25 March 2020 |date=October 2007|ref={{harvid|Kelly et al|2007}}}}
* {{cite web |title=AGM Plants (Ornamental) |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf |accessdate=26 March 2020 |pages=109–110 |date=November 2018|publisher=[[Royal Horticultural Society]]|ref={{harvid|RHS|2018}}}}

;Базе података
* {{cite web |last=WFO|authorlink=World Flora Online|title=Viola L.|url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000040312 |website=World Flora Online |accessdate=27 February 2020 |date=2019|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |last=POTWO|title=Viola L. |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000540-2 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |accessdate=6 March 2020|ref={{harvid|POTWO|2020}}}}
* {{cite web |last=IPNI|authorlink=International Plant Names Index|title= Viola L., Genera Plantarum ed. 5 (1754) |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/120884-3|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|accessdate=7 March 2020|ref={{harvid|IPNI|2020}} }}
* {{cite web|last1= Little |first1=R. John|last2=McKinney|first2=Landon E.|title=Viola|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=134607|work=[[Flora of North America]]|year=2003|volume=6|accessdate=1 March 2020|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |last1=Paula-Souza |first1=Juliana de |last2=Ballard |first2=Harvey E. |title=Neotropical Violaceae |url=https://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Violaceae.htm |website=Neotropikey: Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics |publisher= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]|accessdate=18 April 2020 |date=2009|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |last1= Fu |first1=Kunjun |last2=Ohba |first2=Hideaki |last3=Gilbert |first3=Michael G.|title=Viola Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 933. 1753 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=134607 |pages=72, 74|accessdate=3 March 2020|year=2004|ref={{harvid|Fu et al|2004}}}}, {{link note|note=in [[Flora of China (series)|Flora of China online]] vol. 13}}
* {{cite web |editor-last1=Karlsson |editor-first1=Thomas |editor-last2=Marcussen |editor-first2=Thomas |title=Viola L. |url=http://www.floranordica.org/Review/-Review_public/accounts/Viola.html |website=Flora Nordica 6 |date=2010|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |title=Viola Horticultural Classification |url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/RHSPlantFinder/GenusClass.asp?Genus=Viola |website=RHS Plant Finder: Genus |publisher=[[Royal Horticultural Society]] |accessdate=4 March 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708035929/http://www.rhs.org.uk/RHSPlantFinder/GenusClass.asp?Genus=Viola |archivedate=8 July 2009 |date=2009|ref={{harvid|RHS|2009}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Violaceae |url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Flora_of_New_York/Violaceae |website=[[Wikibooks]]: Flora of New York |publisher=[[Wikimedia]] |accessdate=4 March 2020|ref={{harvid|FNY|2020}}}}

;Слике
* {{cite web |last1=Rein |first1=Pasi |last2=Repo |first2=Paula |title=Violaceae |url=http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/violaceae.htm |website=Walking routes in Spain - Plants |accessdate=28 February 2020}}
* {{cite web |title=Violaceae |url=http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/art/index_sumireka_apg3_210.htm |website=Wild herbs and Alpine Plants, Japan |publisher=Flavon's Art Gallery |accessdate=28 February 2020 |date=2020}}
* {{cite web |title=Violaceae |url=http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewforum.php?f=384 |website=Botanische-spaziergaenge: Bilder von Österreichs Flora |accessdate=1 March 2020 |language=de}}
* {{cite web |title=Violets (Genus Viola) |url=https://inaturalist.ca/taxa/50829-Viola |website=[[iNaturalist]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |accessdate=2 March 2020 }} ''includes maps''
{{refend}}


{{клица-биљке}}
{{Taxonbar}}
{{Taxonbar}}
{{портал бар|Биологија}}
{{портал бар|Биологија}}

Верзија на датум 2. август 2020. у 19:16

„Љубичице” преусмерава овде. За бенд погледајте страницу Љубичице (бенд).
„Viola (род)” преусмерава овде. За остале употребе погледајте страницу Виола (вишезначна одредница).

Viola
Viola tricolor
Научна класификација
Царство:
Plantae
Дивизија:
Magnoliophyta
Класа:
Magnoliopsida
Ред:
Malpighiales
Породица:
Violaceae
Род:
Viola
Врсте

видети списак врста љубичица

Љубичица (лат. Viola) род је дикотиледоних скривеносеменица из породице љубичица (Violaceae). Обухвата око 500 врста, углавном распрострањених у северним умереним пределима Земље (Холарктик) (северна Земљина полулопта). Могу се наћи и у веома удаљеним местима, као што су Хаваји, Аустралија и Анди у Јужној Америци. Љубичице су углавном вишегодишње зељасте биљке, са цветовима занимљиве архитектуре и боја, услед чега се многе врсте узгајају као украсне. Име рода указује на најчешћу боју круничних листића цвета — љубичасту.

Опис

Стабло је полегло, висине од 5 до 10 цм, расту у грму.[1] Листови су груписани у розету, смештени на кратким или дужим дршкама. [1] Врсте љубичице обично имају срцолике листове, назубљене по ободу, а постоје врсте са сложеним, или листовима другог облика. Већи број врстa љубичица су зељасте биљке. Листови су неизменични.

Дивља љубичица (Viola odorata)

Цветови су зигоморфни. Цветови нису груписани у цваст, величине до 2 цм и налазе се на дугачким дршкама. Чашица петолиста, по цветању не опада. Њени листићи су издужено-ланцетасти зашиљени. Два доња дужа од осталих. Круница са пет слободних листића. Вршни листови нешто већи од средњих исте су боје, али нешто тамнији без длачица у основи. Средњи покривају вршне и при дну имају длачице. Доња латица обично другачије боје од осталих и носи остругу. Прашника пет, тучак синкарпан из три карпеле.

Цветање љубичице најчешће је у пролеће и привлаче многе Инсекте, углавном мраве интензивним мирисом.[2]

Боје цветова су различите од љубичасте (по имену) преко разних тонова плаве, жуте, па чак и беле боје.

Плод је чаура величине око 7мм без наставака која садржи семенке пуне протеина.[1]

Расејавање и размножавање

Расејавање се обавља инсектима, док се размножава семеном и вегетативним деловима биљке.

Ареал распрострањења

Аутохтоно расте на простору Азије и Европе. [1]

Станиште

Честа је у светлим листопадним шумама, ливадама, камењарима и шикарама, у двориштима, у хладу или на отвореном станишту.

Употреба

Листови се пре свега користе у индустрији парфема. Богати су витамином Ц и пигментом каротеном, па се користе за салату или супу, док се лист, цвет и корен може користити за справљење чаја, код упале горњих дисајних путева.[1]

Галерија

  • Љубичица, цвет
    Љубичица, цвет
  • Љубичица, цвет
    Љубичица, цвет

Референце

  1. ^ а б в г д „Mirisna ljubica (Viola odorata)”. Plantea (на језику: хрватски). 26. 03. 2015. Приступљено 24. 08. 2019. 
  2. ^ „Љубичица најављује пролеће”. Политика. Приступљено 2. 2. 2020. 

Литератруа

Књиге

Историјски извори

Публикације

Филогенија и таксономија

Енциклопедије

Спољашње везе

Љубичица на Викимедијиној остави.
Базе података
Слике
  • Rein, Pasi; Repo, Paula. „Violaceae”. Walking routes in Spain - Plants. Приступљено 28. 2. 2020. 
  • „Violaceae”. Wild herbs and Alpine Plants, Japan. Flavon's Art Gallery. 2020. Приступљено 28. 2. 2020. 
  • „Violaceae”. Botanische-spaziergaenge: Bilder von Österreichs Flora (на језику: немачки). Приступљено 1. 3. 2020. 
  • „Violets (Genus Viola)”. iNaturalist. National Geographic Society. Приступљено 2. 3. 2020.  includes maps
Преузето из „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Љубичица&oldid=23279480”