Мишјакиње — разлика између измена

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Ред 1: Ред 1:
{{Short description|Ред птица}}{{rut}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|name = Мишјакиње
| fossil_range =
|fossil_range =<br>[[Палеоцен]] - [[халоцен]], {{fossilrange|62.5|0|ref=<ref name=Ksepka>{{Cite journal|author1=Daniel T. Ksepka |author2=Thomas A. Stidham |author3=Thomas E. Williamson |year=2017 |title=Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=114 |issue=30 |pages=8047–8052 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1700188114 |pmid=28696285 |pmc=5544281 |bibcode=2017PNAS..114.8047K |doi-access=free }}</ref>}}
| image = Ybbnm 1b (7678573688).jpg
|image = Urocolius macrourus-20090110B.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = -{[[Плаволеђа мишјакиња]]}-<br /> (-{''Urocolius macrourus''}-)
|image_caption = -{[[Плаволеђа мишјакиња]]}-<br /> (-{''Urocolius macrourus''}-)
|image_width = 250px
|image2 = Ybbnm 1b (7678573688).jpg
|image2_width = 250px
|image2_caption = -{[[Плаволеђа мишјакиња]]}-<br /> (-{''Urocolius macrourus''}-)
|display_parents = 2
|display_parents = 2
|parent_authority = [[James Murie|Murie]], 1872
|parent_authority = [[James Murie|Murie]], 1872
|taxon = Coliidae
|authority = [[Вилијам Џон Свејнсон|Swainson]], 1837
|authority = [[Вилијам Џон Свејнсон|Swainson]], 1837
| subdivision_ranks = Родови
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genera|Родови]]
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
''-{[[Colius]]}-'' <br />
''-{[[Colius]]}-'' <br />
Ред 16: Ред 20:
''-{[[Primocolius]]}-'' <small>(фосил)</small>
''-{[[Primocolius]]}-'' <small>(фосил)</small>
}}
}}

'''Мишјакиње''' ([[Латински језик|лат.]] '''-{Coliiformes}-''') су [[Ред (биологија)|ред]] [[Птице|птица]] који нема ближе сроднике међу осталим птичијим редовима. Једина живућа [[Породица (биологија)|породица]] из овог реда је истоимена породица ([[Латински језик|лат.]] '''-{Coliidae}-'''), која садржи само 6 живих врста из две потпородице. Насељавају подсахарску [[Африка|Африку]] и нема их на другим континентима. У далекој историји мишјакиње су имале много већи [[ареал]], а еволуирале су у Европи.
'''Мишјакиње''' ([[Латински језик|лат.]] '''-{Coliiformes}-''') су [[Ред (биологија)|ред]] [[Птице|птица]] који нема ближе сроднике међу осталим птичијим редовима.<ref name=Jarvis2014>{{cite journal|last1=Jarvis|first1=E. D. |last2=Mirarab |first2=S.|last3=Aberer|first3=A. J.|title=Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds|journal=Science|date=2014|volume=346|issue=6215|pages=1320–1331 |doi=10.1126/science.1253451 |url= |display-authors=etal |pmid=25504713 |pmc=4405904|bibcode=2014Sci...346.1320J }}</ref> Једина живућа [[Породица (биологија)|породица]] из овог реда је истоимена породица ([[Латински језик|лат.]] '''-{Coliidae}-'''), која садржи само 6 живих врста из две потпородице. Насељавају подсахарску [[Африка|Африку]] и нема их на другим континентима. У далекој историји мишјакиње су имале много већи [[ареал]], а еволуирале су у Европи.

This group is now confined to sub-Saharan [[Africa]], and it is the only bird order confined entirely to that continent, with the possible exception of [[Turaco|turacos]] which are considered by some as the distinct order [[Musophagiformes]], and the [[cuckoo roller]], which is the only member of the order Leptosomiformes. Mousebirds had a wider range in the [[Paleogene]], with a widespread distribution in [[Europe]] and [[North America]] during the [[Paleocene]].<ref name="Tsidiiyazhi">{{cite journal | last1 = Ksepka | first1 = D.T. | last2 = Stidham | first2 = T.A. | last3 = Williamson | first3 = T.E. | title = Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 114 | issue = 30 | pages = 8047–8052 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1700188114 | pmid = 28696285 | year = 2017 | pmc = 5544281 | bibcode = 2017PNAS..114.8047K | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00814.x|title = The Fossil Record and Evolution of Mousebirds (Aves: Coliiformes)|year = 2008|last1 = Zelenkov|first1 = Nikita V.|last2 = Dyke|first2 = Gareth J.|journal = Palaeontology|volume = 51|issue = 6|pages = 1403–1418|doi-access = free}}</ref>


== Опис ==
== Опис ==
Мишјакиње су мале сивкасте или браонкасте птице са меким перјем који подсећа на власи. Типично су дугачке 10 сантиметара, са дугим и танким репом који је дуг 20'24 сантиметра. Маса им је око 45-55 грама.<ref name="EoB">{{Cite book | editor-last = Forshaw | editor-first = Joseph |author=Cunningham-Van Someren, G.R.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher=Merehurst Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-85391-186-6| pages = 138–139}}</ref>. Живе у крошњама у којима се крећу попут [[глодари|глоадара]] тражећи бобице, воће и пупољке. Име су добиле по сличности са мишевима у изгледу и понашању. Све врсте имају јак стисак и спољне канџе које могу бити у опозицији. На глави имају кресту.


Мишјакиње су мале сивкасте или браонкасте птице са меким перјем који подсећа на власи. Типично су дугачке 10 сантиметара, са дугим и танким репом који је дуг 20'24 сантиметра. Маса им је око 45-55 грама.<ref name="EoB">{{Cite book | editor-last = Forshaw | editor-first = Joseph |author=Cunningham-Van Someren, G.R.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher=Merehurst Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-85391-186-6| pages = 138–139}}</ref>. Живе у крошњама у којима се крећу попут [[глодари|глоадара]] тражећи бобице, воће и пупољке. Име су добиле по сличности са мишевима у изгледу и понашању. Све врсте имају јак стисак и спољне канџе које могу бити у опозицији. На глави имају кресту. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes ([[Dactyly#Pamprodactyly|pamprodactyl]] feet).<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/gould_eight-piggies.html | title=Stephen Jay Gould "Eight (or Fewer) Little Piggies" 1991 | author=Stephen Jay Gould | access-date=2015-10-02}}</ref>
== Систематика ==
Мишјакиње припадају живим фосилима, јер данашњих 6 врста представља само мали део некадашњег богатства врста овог реда. Мишјакиње су биле најбројније у касном [[палеоген]]у и [[миоцен]]у.


== Понашање и екологија ==
Преглед породица, родова и врста:


Mousebirds are gregarious, again reinforcing the analogy with [[mouse|mice]], and are found in bands of about 20 in lightly wooded country. These birds build cup-shaped twig nests in trees, which are lined with grasses. Two to three eggs are typically laid.<ref>Winkler, D. W., S. M. Billerman, and I.J. Lovette (2020). Mousebirds (Coliidae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.coliid1.01</ref>
;базални (примитивни) представници
* род †''-{[[Chascacocolius]]}-''
* род †''-{[[Eocolius]]}-''
* род †''-{[[Selmes]]}-''
* род †''-{[[Limnatornis]]}-''
* род †''-{[[Eobucco]]}-''
* род †''-{[[Uintornis]]}-''


== Систематика и еволуција ==
;породица -{[[Coliidae]]}-
* род †''-{[[Primocolius]]}-''
* род †''-{[[Oligocolius]]}-''
* род †''-{[[Masillacolius]]}-''
* потпородица -{[[Coliinae]]}-
** род ''-{[[Colius]]}-''
*** ''-{[[Colius castanotus]]}-''
*** ''-{[[Colius colius]]}-''
*** †''-{[[Colius hendeyi]]}-''
*** ''-{[[Colius leucocephalus]]}-''
*** †''-{[[Colius palustris]]}-''
*** ''-{[[Colius striatus]]}-''
* потпородица -{[[Urocoliinae]]}-
** род ''-{[[Urocolius]]}-''
*** ''-{[[Urocolius indicus]]}-''
*** ''-{[[Urocolius macrourus]]}-''


The mousebirds could be considered "[[living fossil]]s" as the 6 species extant today are merely the survivors of a lineage that was massively more diverse in the early [[Paleogene]] and [[Miocene]]. There are comparatively abundant fossils of Coliiformes, but it has not been easy to assemble a robust [[phylogeny]]. The family is documented to exist from the Early [[Paleocene]] onwards; by at least the Late [[Eocene]], two families are known to have existed, the extant '''Coliidae''' and the longer-billed prehistorically [[extinct]] '''Sandcoleidae'''.<ref name="Tsidiiyazhi"/>
;породица †-{[[Sandcoleidae]]}-

* род †''-{[[Anneavis]]}-''
The latter were previously a separate order,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Houde | first1 = Peter | author-link2 = Storrs Olson | last2 = Olson | first2 = Storrs L. | year = 1992 | title = A radiation of coly-like birds from the Eocene of North America (Aves: Sandcoleiformes, new order) | url = http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/sandcoleidae.pdf | journal = Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series | volume = 36 | pages = 137–160 | access-date = 2006-09-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060905091812/http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/sandcoleidae.pdf | archive-date = 2006-09-05 | url-status = dead }}</ref> but eventually it was realized that they had come to group ancestral [[Coraciiformes]], the actual sandcoleids and forms like ''[[Neanis]]'' together in a [[paraphyletic]] assemblage. Even though the sandcoleids are now assumed to be monophyletic following the removal of these taxa, many forms cannot be conclusively assigned to one family or the other.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mayr | first1 = Gerald | last2 = Mourer-Chauviré | first2 = Cécile | year = 1999 | title = Unusual tarsometatarsus of a mousebird from the Paleogene of France and the relationships of ''Selmes'' Peters, 1999 | url = http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/abteilung/terrzool/ornithologie/jvpcoliiformes.pdf | journal = [[Society of Vertebrate Paleontology|J. Vertebr. Paleontol.]] | volume = 24 | issue = 2| pages = 366–372 | doi = 10.1671/1970 | s2cid = 59146377 }}</ref> The genus ''[[Selmes]]'', for example, is probably a coliid, but only distantly related to the modern genera.<ref>It has a peculiar foot [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] not found in any other bird, with very stubby toes. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''absurdipes'' ("absurd foot") refers to this. The genus name is an [[anagram]] of "[[Messel pit|Messel]]", where it was first found.</ref>
* род †''-{[[Eoglaucidium]]}-''

* род †''-{[[Sandcoleus]]}-''
Extinct coliiforms occupied a wide range of ecologies. Sandcoleids in particular often preserve uncrushed seeds on their stomachs, while bearing talons similar to those of modern [[birds of prey]].<ref>Mayr, G. 2018. New data on the anatomy and palaeobiology of sandcoleid mousebirds (Aves, Coliiformes) from the early Eocene of Messel. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 98: 639-651. doi: 10.1007/s12549-018-0328-1</ref>

== Таксономија ==

'''Order COLIIFORMES'''<ref name="mikko">Mikko's Phylogeny Archive [http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/] {{cite web|last=Haaramo|first=Mikko|year=2007|title=COLIIFORMES – mousebirds|url=https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/archosauria/aves/coliiformes.html |access-date= 19 November 2020}}</ref><ref>[[Paleofile.com]] [http://www.paleofile.com/]. {{cite web | url=http://www.paleofile.com/ | title=Aves | access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref>

* Genus †''[[Botauroides]]'' <small>Shufeldt 1915</small> (Eocene of Wyoming, US)
** †''B. parvus'' <small>Shufeldt 1915</small>
* Genus †''[[Eobucco]]'' <small>Feduccia & Martin 1976</small> - sandcoleid?
** †''E. brodkorbi'' <small>Feduccia & Martin 1976</small>
* Genus †''[[Eocolius]]'' <small>Dyke & Waterhouse 2001</small> (London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England) - sandcoleid or coliid<!-- JOrnithol142:7. -->
** †''E. walkeri'' <small>Dyke & Waterhouse 2001</small>
* Genus †''[[Limnatornis]]'' <small>Milne-Edwards 1871</small> [''Palaeopicus'' <small>Lambrecht 1933 ex Brodkorb 1952</small>] (Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France) - coliid? (''Urocolius''?) <!-- Geobios2:157 -->
** †''[[Limnatornis consobrinus|L. consobrinus]]'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871)</small> [''Picus consobrinus'' <small>Milne-Edwards 1871</small>; ''Palaeopicus consobrinus'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933 nomen nudum</small>; ''Urocolius consobrinus'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871)</small>]
** †''[[Limnatornis paludicola|L. paludicola]]'' <small>Milne-Edwards 1871</small> [''Colius paludicola'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871) Ballmann 1969a</small>; ''Urocolius paludicola'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871)</small>]
** †''[[Limnatornis archiaci|L. archiaci]]'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871)</small> [''Picus archiaci'' <small>Milne-Edwards 1871</small>; ''Colius archiaci'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871) Ballmann 1969a</small>; ''Urocolius archiaci'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871) Mlíkovský 2002</small>] (Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France) <!-- Geobios2:157 -->
* Coliiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Kohfidisch, Austria)<ref>Similar to ''Urocolius'' and ''Limnatornis'' (if distinct): Mlíkovský (2002)</ref>
* Genus †''[[Uintornis]]'' <small>Marsh 1872</small> - sandcoleid?<!-- AmMusNovit2400. -->
** †''[[Uintornis lucaris|U. lucaris]]'' <small>Brodkorb 1971</small>
** †''[[Uintornis marionae|U. marionae]]'' <small>Feduccia & Martin 1976</small>
* '''Family †[[Chascacocoliidae]]''' <small>Zelenkov & Dyke 2008</small>
** Genus †''[[Chascacocolius]]'' <small>Houde & Olson 1992</small> (Late Paleocene ?- Early Eocene) - basal? sandcoleid?<!-- BullGeolSocDK51:47. OrgDiversEvol5:167. ZoolJLinnSoc128:149. -->
*** †''[[Chascacocolius oscitans|C. oscitans]]'' <small>Houde & Olson 1992</small>
*** †''[[Chascacocolius cacicirostris|C. cacicirostris]]'' <small>Mayr 2005</small>
* '''Family †[[Selmeidae]]''' <small>Zelenkov & Dyke 2008</small>
** Genus †''[[Selmes]]'' <small>Mayr 1998 ex Peters 1999</small> (Middle Eocene ?-Late Oligocene of C Europe) - coliid? (synonym of ''Primocolius''?)
*** †''S. absurdipes'' <small>Mayr 1998 ex Peters 1999</small>
* '''Family †[[Sandcoleidae]]''' <small>Houde & Olson 1992 sensu Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2004</small><ref name="mikko"/><ref name=fossilworks>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=99114|title=Fossilworks: Sandcoleidae}}</ref>
** Genus †''[[Sandcoleus]]'' <small>Houde & Olson 1992</small> (Paleocene) <!-- CanJEarthSci39:19. ZoolJLinnSoc128:149. -->
*** †''S. copiosus'' <small>Houde & Olson 1992</small>
** Genus †''[[Anneavis]]'' <small>Houde & Olson 1992</small> <!-- ZoolJLinnSoc128:149. -->
*** †''A. anneae'' <small>Houde & Olson 1992</small>
** Genus †''[[Eoglaucidium]]'' <small>Fischer 1987</small> <!-- Palaeontology37:339. -->
*** †''E. pallas'' <small>Fischer 1987</small>
** Genus †''[[Tsidiiyazhi]]'' <small>Ksepka, Stidham & Williamson 2017</small> (Paleocene of New Mexico)
*** †''T. abini'' <small>Ksepka, Stidham & Williamson 2017</small>
* '''Family [[Coliidae]]''' <small>Swainson 1837 sensu Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2004</small>
** Genus †''[[Celericolius]]'' <small>Ksepka & Clarke 2010</small>
*** †''C. acriala'' <small>Ksepka & Clarke 2010</small>
** Genus †''[[Masillacolius]]'' <small>Mayr & Peters 1998</small> (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
*** †''M. brevidactylus'' <small>Mayr & Peters 1998</small>
** Genus †''[[Oligocolius]]'' <small>Mayr 2000</small> (Early Oligocene of Frauenweiler, Germany)<!-- JOrnithol141:85. -->
*** †''O. brevitarsus'' <small>Mayr 2000</small>
*** †''O. psittacocephalon'' <small>Mayr 2013</small>
** Genus †''[[Palaeospiza]]'' <small>Allen 1878</small>
*** †''Palaeospiza bella'' <small>Allen 1878</small>
** Genus †''[[Primocolius]]'' <small>Mourer-Chauviré 1988</small> (Late Eocene/Oligocene of Quercy, France)
*** †''[[Primocolius sigei|P. sigei]]'' <small>Mourer-Chauviré 1988</small>
*** †''[[Primocolius minor|P. minor]]'' <small>Mourer-Chauviré 1988</small>
** '''Subfamily Coliinae'''
*** Genus ''[[Urocolius]]'' (2 species)<ref name="MacleanRoberts">Maclean, Gordon Lindsay. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa Publisher: New Holland 1993. {{ISBN|978-0620175838}}</ref><ref name = Mlíkovský2002>Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): ''Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe''. Ninox Press, Prague. {{Listed Invalid ISBN|80-901105-3-8}} [http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520101755/http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf |date=2011-05-20 }}</ref>
**** ''[[Urocolius indicus|U. indicus]]'' <small>(Latham 1790)</small> (Red-faced mousebird)
**** ''[[Urocolius macrourus|U. macrourus]]'' <small>(Linnaeus 1766)</small> (Blue-naped mousebird)
*** Genus ''[[Colius]]'' [''Necrornis'' <small>Milne-Edwards 1871</small>] (4 species)
**** †''[[Colius hendeyi|C. hendeyi]]'' <small>Vickers-Rich & Haarhoff 1985</small>
**** †''[[Colius palustris|C. palustris]]'' <small>(Milne-Edwards 1871) Ballmann 1969</small> [''[[Necrornis palustris]]'' <small>Milne-Edwards 1871</small>]<ref>Peter Ballmann (1969): Les oiseaux miocènes de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère). – Géobios 2: p 157-204.</ref><ref>Storrs Olson (1985): The Fossil Record of Birds In: Avian Biology, No. 8: p. 79–238</ref>
**** ''[[Colius castanotus|C. castanotus]]'' <small>Verreaux & Verreaux 1855</small> (Red-backed mousebird)
**** ''[[Colius colius|C. colius]]'' <small>(Linnaeus 1766)</small> (White-backed mousebird)
**** ''[[Colius leucocephalus|C. leucocephalus]]'' <small>Reichenow 1879</small> (White-headed mousebird)
**** ''[[Colius striatus|C. striatus]]'' <small>Gmelin 1789</small> (Speckled mousebird)


== Извори ==
== Извори ==
Ред 60: Ред 104:


== Литература ==
== Литература ==
{{refbegin|}}
* {{Cite book | ref= harv| editor-last = Forshaw | editor-first = Joseph |author=Cunningham-Van Someren, G.R.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher=Merehurst Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-85391-186-6| pages = 138–139}}
* {{Cite book | ref= harv| editor-last = Forshaw | editor-first = Joseph |author=Cunningham-Van Someren, G.R.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher=Merehurst Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-85391-186-6| pages = 138–139}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Hackett | first1 = S. | display-authors = etal | year = 2008 | title = A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History | journal = Science | volume = 320 | issue = 5884| pages = 1763–1768 | doi=10.1126/science.1157704 | pmid=18583609| bibcode = 2008Sci...320.1763H | s2cid = 6472805 }}
* McCormack, J.E. ''et al.'' (2012) [https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1604 A phylogeny of birds based on over 1,500 loci collected by target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing].
* Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): ''Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe''. Ninox Press, Prague. <small>{{Listed Invalid ISBN|80-901105-3-8}}</small> [https://web.archive.org/web/20110520101755/http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf PDF fulltext]
* {{Cite journal|author1=Daniel T. Ksepka |author2=Thomas A. Stidham |author3=Thomas E. Williamson |year=2017 |title=Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=114 |issue=30 |pages=8047–8052 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1700188114 |pmid=28696285 |pmc=5544281 |bibcode=2017PNAS..114.8047K |doi-access=free }}
{{refend}}


== Спољашње везе ==
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Commonscat|Coliidae}}
{{Commonscat|Coliidae}}
{{wikispecies|Coliiformes}}
{{wikispecies|Coliiformes}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/mousebirds-coliidae Mousebird videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
{{Птице}}{{Taxonbar}}
* [http://www.pbase.com/collinbaxter/image/85689482 Picture of a mousebird] atop a tree

{{Птице}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q180691}}



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[[Категорија:Мишјакиње| ]]

Верзија на датум 27. мај 2022. у 13:34

Мишјакиње
Временски распон:
Палеоцен - халоцен, 62.5–0 Ma[1]
Плаволеђа мишјакиња
(Urocolius macrourus)
Плаволеђа мишјакиња
(Urocolius macrourus)
Научна класификација e
Missing taxonomy template (поправите): Мишјакиње
Родови

Colius
Urocolius
Masillacolius (фосил)
Oligocolius (фосил)
Primocolius (фосил)

Мишјакиње (лат. Coliiformes) су ред птица који нема ближе сроднике међу осталим птичијим редовима.[2] Једина живућа породица из овог реда је истоимена породица (лат. Coliidae), која садржи само 6 живих врста из две потпородице. Насељавају подсахарску Африку и нема их на другим континентима. У далекој историји мишјакиње су имале много већи ареал, а еволуирале су у Европи.

This group is now confined to sub-Saharan Africa, and it is the only bird order confined entirely to that continent, with the possible exception of turacos which are considered by some as the distinct order Musophagiformes, and the cuckoo roller, which is the only member of the order Leptosomiformes. Mousebirds had a wider range in the Paleogene, with a widespread distribution in Europe and North America during the Paleocene.[3][4]

Опис

Мишјакиње су мале сивкасте или браонкасте птице са меким перјем који подсећа на власи. Типично су дугачке 10 сантиметара, са дугим и танким репом који је дуг 20'24 сантиметра. Маса им је око 45-55 грама.[5]. Живе у крошњама у којима се крећу попут глоадара тражећи бобице, воће и пупољке. Име су добиле по сличности са мишевима у изгледу и понашању. Све врсте имају јак стисак и спољне канџе које могу бити у опозицији. На глави имају кресту. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes (pamprodactyl feet).[6]

Понашање и екологија

Mousebirds are gregarious, again reinforcing the analogy with mice, and are found in bands of about 20 in lightly wooded country. These birds build cup-shaped twig nests in trees, which are lined with grasses. Two to three eggs are typically laid.[7]

Систематика и еволуција

The mousebirds could be considered "living fossils" as the 6 species extant today are merely the survivors of a lineage that was massively more diverse in the early Paleogene and Miocene. There are comparatively abundant fossils of Coliiformes, but it has not been easy to assemble a robust phylogeny. The family is documented to exist from the Early Paleocene onwards; by at least the Late Eocene, two families are known to have existed, the extant Coliidae and the longer-billed prehistorically extinct Sandcoleidae.[3]

The latter were previously a separate order,[8] but eventually it was realized that they had come to group ancestral Coraciiformes, the actual sandcoleids and forms like Neanis together in a paraphyletic assemblage. Even though the sandcoleids are now assumed to be monophyletic following the removal of these taxa, many forms cannot be conclusively assigned to one family or the other.[9] The genus Selmes, for example, is probably a coliid, but only distantly related to the modern genera.[10]

Extinct coliiforms occupied a wide range of ecologies. Sandcoleids in particular often preserve uncrushed seeds on their stomachs, while bearing talons similar to those of modern birds of prey.[11]

Таксономија

Order COLIIFORMES[12][13]

  • Genus †Botauroides Shufeldt 1915 (Eocene of Wyoming, US)
    • †B. parvus Shufeldt 1915
  • Genus †Eobucco Feduccia & Martin 1976 - sandcoleid?
    • †E. brodkorbi Feduccia & Martin 1976
  • Genus †Eocolius Dyke & Waterhouse 2001 (London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England) - sandcoleid or coliid
    • †E. walkeri Dyke & Waterhouse 2001
  • Genus †Limnatornis Milne-Edwards 1871 [Palaeopicus Lambrecht 1933 ex Brodkorb 1952] (Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France) - coliid? (Urocolius?)
    • †L. consobrinus (Milne-Edwards 1871) [Picus consobrinus Milne-Edwards 1871; Palaeopicus consobrinus (Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933 nomen nudum; Urocolius consobrinus (Milne-Edwards 1871)]
    • †L. paludicola Milne-Edwards 1871 [Colius paludicola (Milne-Edwards 1871) Ballmann 1969a; Urocolius paludicola (Milne-Edwards 1871)]
    • †L. archiaci (Milne-Edwards 1871) [Picus archiaci Milne-Edwards 1871; Colius archiaci (Milne-Edwards 1871) Ballmann 1969a; Urocolius archiaci (Milne-Edwards 1871) Mlíkovský 2002] (Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France)
  • Coliiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Kohfidisch, Austria)[14]
  • Genus †Uintornis Marsh 1872 - sandcoleid?
  • Family †Chascacocoliidae Zelenkov & Dyke 2008
  • Family †Selmeidae Zelenkov & Dyke 2008
    • Genus †Selmes Mayr 1998 ex Peters 1999 (Middle Eocene ?-Late Oligocene of C Europe) - coliid? (synonym of Primocolius?)
      • †S. absurdipes Mayr 1998 ex Peters 1999
  • Family †Sandcoleidae Houde & Olson 1992 sensu Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2004[12][15]
    • Genus †Sandcoleus Houde & Olson 1992 (Paleocene)
      • †S. copiosus Houde & Olson 1992
    • Genus †Anneavis Houde & Olson 1992
      • †A. anneae Houde & Olson 1992
    • Genus †Eoglaucidium Fischer 1987
      • †E. pallas Fischer 1987
    • Genus †Tsidiiyazhi Ksepka, Stidham & Williamson 2017 (Paleocene of New Mexico)
      • †T. abini Ksepka, Stidham & Williamson 2017
  • Family Coliidae Swainson 1837 sensu Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2004
    • Genus †Celericolius Ksepka & Clarke 2010
      • †C. acriala Ksepka & Clarke 2010
    • Genus †Masillacolius Mayr & Peters 1998 (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
      • †M. brevidactylus Mayr & Peters 1998
    • Genus †Oligocolius Mayr 2000 (Early Oligocene of Frauenweiler, Germany)
      • †O. brevitarsus Mayr 2000
      • †O. psittacocephalon Mayr 2013
    • Genus †Palaeospiza Allen 1878
      • †Palaeospiza bella Allen 1878
    • Genus †Primocolius Mourer-Chauviré 1988 (Late Eocene/Oligocene of Quercy, France)
    • Subfamily Coliinae

Извори

  1. ^ Daniel T. Ksepka; Thomas A. Stidham; Thomas E. Williamson (2017). „Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (30): 8047—8052. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8047K. PMC 5544281 Слободан приступ. PMID 28696285. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700188114 Слободан приступ. 
  2. ^ Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; et al. (2014). „Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds”. Science. 346 (6215): 1320—1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. PMC 4405904 Слободан приступ. PMID 25504713. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. 
  3. ^ а б Ksepka, D.T.; Stidham, T.A.; Williamson, T.E. (2017). „Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (30): 8047—8052. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8047K. PMC 5544281 Слободан приступ. PMID 28696285. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700188114 Слободан приступ. 
  4. ^ Zelenkov, Nikita V.; Dyke, Gareth J. (2008). „The Fossil Record and Evolution of Mousebirds (Aves: Coliiformes)”. Palaeontology. 51 (6): 1403—1418. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00814.x Слободан приступ. 
  5. ^ Cunningham-Van Someren, G.R. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ур. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. стр. 138—139. ISBN 978-1-85391-186-6. 
  6. ^ Stephen Jay Gould. „Stephen Jay Gould "Eight (or Fewer) Little Piggies" 1991”. Приступљено 2015-10-02. 
  7. ^ Winkler, D. W., S. M. Billerman, and I.J. Lovette (2020). Mousebirds (Coliidae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.coliid1.01
  8. ^ Houde, Peter; Olson, Storrs L. (1992). „A radiation of coly-like birds from the Eocene of North America (Aves: Sandcoleiformes, new order)” (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series. 36: 137—160. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2006-09-05. г. Приступљено 2006-09-05. 
  9. ^ Mayr, Gerald; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (1999). „Unusual tarsometatarsus of a mousebird from the Paleogene of France and the relationships of Selmes Peters, 1999” (PDF). J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 24 (2): 366—372. S2CID 59146377. doi:10.1671/1970. 
  10. ^ It has a peculiar foot morphology not found in any other bird, with very stubby toes. The specific name absurdipes ("absurd foot") refers to this. The genus name is an anagram of "Messel", where it was first found.
  11. ^ Mayr, G. 2018. New data on the anatomy and palaeobiology of sandcoleid mousebirds (Aves, Coliiformes) from the early Eocene of Messel. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 98: 639-651. doi: 10.1007/s12549-018-0328-1
  12. ^ а б Mikko's Phylogeny Archive [1] Haaramo, Mikko (2007). „COLIIFORMES – mousebirds”. Приступљено 19. 11. 2020. 
  13. ^ Paleofile.com [2]. „Aves”. Приступљено 30. 12. 2015. 
  14. ^ Similar to Urocolius and Limnatornis (if distinct): Mlíkovský (2002)
  15. ^ „Fossilworks: Sandcoleidae”. 
  16. ^ Maclean, Gordon Lindsay. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa Publisher: New Holland 1993. ISBN 978-0620175838
  17. ^ Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Prague. ISBN 80-901105-3-8 PDF fulltext Архивирано 2011-05-20 на сајту Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Peter Ballmann (1969): Les oiseaux miocènes de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère). – Géobios 2: p 157-204.
  19. ^ Storrs Olson (1985): The Fossil Record of Birds In: Avian Biology, No. 8: p. 79–238

Литература

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