Пређи на садржај

Turnicidae — разлика између измена

С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије
Садржај обрисан Садржај додат
м Разне измене
.
Ред 1: Ред 1:
{{short description|Фамилија птица}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Turnicidae
| name = Turnicidae
Ред 12: Ред 13:
| range_map_caption = Распрострањеност -{Turnicidae}-
| range_map_caption = Распрострањеност -{Turnicidae}-
}}
}}

'''Препеличарке''' ([[Латински језик|лат.]]Turnicidae) представљају [[Породица (биологија)|породицу]] [[Птице|птица]] који садржи само два [[Род (биологија)|рода]] и петнаест [[Врста (биологија)|врста]].
'''Препеличарке''' ([[Латински језик|лат.]]Turnicidae) представљају [[Породица (биологија)|породицу]] [[Птице|птица]] који садржи само два [[Род (биологија)|рода]] и петнаест [[Врста (биологија)|врста]].


== Опис ==
== Опис ==

То су мале, збијене птице које настањују тло, а живе у тропским и суптропским подручјима Старог света. Имају кратка и заокружена крила и крећу се само ретким и кратким летовима. На ногама имају само по два прста. Сивосмеђе перје нешто већих женки је светлије него код мужјака. На јајима лежи само мужјак, а и сву бригу о младунцима води само он. Јаја се излегну након 12 до 13 дана, а младунци могу да лете у року од 2 недеље од излегања.<ref name="EoB">{{cite book|editor=Forshaw, Joseph|author= Archibald, George W.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher= Merehurst Press|location=London|id= 1-85391-186-0|pages=101}}</ref>
То су мале, збијене птице које настањују тло, а живе у тропским и суптропским подручјима Старог света. Имају кратка и заокружена крила и крећу се само ретким и кратким летовима. На ногама имају само по два прста. Сивосмеђе перје нешто већих женки је светлије него код мужјака. На јајима лежи само мужјак, а и сву бригу о младунцима води само он. Јаја се излегну након 12 до 13 дана, а младунци могу да лете у року од 2 недеље од излегања.<ref name="EoB">{{cite book|editor=Forshaw, Joseph|author= Archibald, George W.|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher= Merehurst Press|location=London|id= 1-85391-186-0|pages=101}}</ref>


== Систематика ==
== Таксономија ==
{{рут}}
Buttonquail were traditionally placed in [[Gruiformes]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fain | first1 = M. G. | last2 = Krajewski | first2 = C. | last3 = Houde | first3 = P. | year = 2007 | title = Phylogeny of 'core Gruiformes' (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin-Sungrebe problem | url = http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Fain_Krajewski_Houde.pdf | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 515–529 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015 | pmid = 17419074 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013064239/http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Fain_Krajewski_Houde.pdf | archive-date = 2008-10-13 }}</ref> or [[Galliformes]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Chen | first1=D. | last2=Hosner | first2=P.A. | last3=Dittmann | first3=D.L. | last4=O’Neill | first4=J.P. | last5=Birks | first5=S.M. | last6=Braun | first6=E.L. | last7=Kimball | first7=R.T. | date=2021 | title=Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements | journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution | volume=21 | issue=1 | pages=209 | doi=10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref>.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2021 | title=Pheasants, partridges, francolins | work=IOC World Bird List Version 11.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pheasants/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=23 November 2021 }}</ref> (the crane and pheasant orders). The [[Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy]] elevated them to ordinal status as the '''Turniciformes''' and [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] to other [[Neoaves]] either because their accelerated rate of molecular evolution exceeded the limits of sensitivity of [[DNA-DNA hybridization]] or because the authors did not perform the appropriate pairwise comparisons or both. Morphological, DNA-DNA hybridization and [[DNA sequence|sequence]] data indicate that turnicids correctly belong to the shorebirds ([[Charadriiformes]]).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF|year=2003|title=RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=29 |pages=268–78 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8 |pmid=13678682 |issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Fain, Matthew G. |author2=Houde, Peter |year=2004 |title=Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds |journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] |volume=58 |pages=2558–73 |doi=10.1554/04-235 |url=http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf |format=PDF |pmid=15612298 |issue=11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407204436/http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf |archivedate=2013-04-07 }}</ref><ref name=Paton06>{{cite journal |vauthors=Paton TA, Baker AJ|year=2006|title=Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=39 |pages=657–67 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011 |pmid=16531074 |issue=3}}
</ref>

=== Врсте ===
Породица Turnicidae:
Породица Turnicidae:
* род ''Ortyxelos'':
* род ''Ortyxelos'':
Ред 36: Ред 44:
** ''[[Turnix worcesteri]]''
** ''[[Turnix worcesteri]]''
** ''[[Turnix velox]]''
** ''[[Turnix velox]]''

=== Подврсте ===

<div style="height:200px; overflow:auto; border:thin grey solid; padding:4px;">
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus beccarii]]'' <small>Salvadori, 1875</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus floresianus]]'' <small>Sutter, 1955</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus furvus]]'' <small>Parkes, 1949</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus giluwensis]]'' <small>Sims, 1954</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus horsbrughi]]'' <small>Ingram, 1909</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus kinneari]]'' <small>Neumann, 1939</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus maculosus]]'' <small>(Temminck, 1815)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus mayri]]'' <small>Sutter, 1955</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus melanotus]]'' <small>(Gould, 1837)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus obiensis]]'' <small>Sutter, 1955</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus salomonis]]'' <small>Mayr, 1938</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus saturatus]]'' <small>W. A. Forbes, 1882</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus savuensis]]'' <small>Sutter, 1955</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix maculosus sumbanus]]'' <small>Sutter, 1955</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix ocellatus benguetensis]]'' <small>Parkes, 1968</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix ocellatus ocellatus]]'' <small>(Scopoli, 1786)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator atrogularis]]'' <small>(Eyton, 1839)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator bengalensis]]'' <small>Blyth, 1852</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator blakistoni]]'' <small>(Swinhoe, 1871)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator fasciatus]]'' <small>(Temminck, 1815)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator haynaldi]]'' <small>W. Blasius, 1888</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator interrumpens]]'' <small>Robinson & E. C. S. Baker, 1928</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator leggei]]'' <small>E. C. S. Baker, 1920</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator nigrescens]]'' <small>Tweeddale, 1878</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator okinavensis]]'' <small>A. R. Phillips, 1947</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator pallescens]]'' <small>Robinson & E. C. S. Baker, 1928</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator plumbipes]]'' <small>(Hodgson, 1837)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator powelli]]'' <small>Guillemard, 1885</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator rostratus]]'' <small>Swinhoe, 1865</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator rufilatus]]'' <small>Wallace, 1865</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator suscitator]]'' <small>(Gmelin, 1789)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator taigoor]]'' <small>(Sykes, 1832)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix suscitator thai]]'' <small>Deignan, 1946</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus bartelsorum]]'' <small>Neumann, 1929</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus celestinoi]]'' <small>McGregor, 1907</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus davidi]]'' <small>Delacour & Jabouille, 1930</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus dussumier]]'' <small>(Temminck, 1828)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus lepurana]]'' <small>(A. Smith, 1836)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus nigrorum]]'' <small>duPont, 1976</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus suluensis]]'' <small>Mearns, 1905</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus sylvaticus]]'' <small>(Desfontaines, 1789)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix sylvaticus whiteheadi]]'' <small>Ogilvie-Grant, 1897</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix tanki blanfordii]]'' <small>Blyth, 1863</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix tanki tanki]]'' <small>Blyth, 1843</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix varius novaecaledonia]]'' <small>Ogilvie-Grant, 1889</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix varius scintillans]]'' <small>(Gould, 1845)</small>}-
* -{''[[Turnix varius varius (Latham, 1802)</small>}-
{{colend}}
</div>

== Галерија ==
<gallery>
File:Barred buttonquail Nandihills 18July2006bngbirds.jpg|[[Barred buttonquail]] (''Turnix suscitator'')
File:Turnix sylvatica.jpg|[[Small buttonquail]] (''Turnix sylvatica'')
File:Paainted Buttonquail kobble08.JPG|[[Painted buttonquail]] (''Turnix varia'')
File:Turnix pyrrhothorax.jpg|[[Red-chested buttonquail]] (''Turnix pyrrhothorax'')
</gallery>


== Референце ==
== Референце ==
{{извори}}
{{извори}}

== Литература ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
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* Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Hills, L.V. & Currie, Philip J. (1996): Parataxonomic classification of ornithoid eggshell fragments from the Oldman Formation (Judith River Group; Upper Cretaceous), Southern Alberta. ''Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences'' '''33'''(12): 1655–1667. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217155344/http://www.lowellcarhart.net/ebay/papers/parataxonomic.pdf PDF fulltext]
* Bent, Arthur C. 1963. Life Histories of North American Gallinaceous Birds, New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
* Eaton, Stephen W. 1992. The Birds of North America: Wild Turkey No. 22. The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union.
* Forbush, Edward H. 1929. Birds of Massachusetts and Other New England States, Norwood Massachusetts: Norwood press.
* Harrison, Kit and George. 1990. The Birds of Winter, New York: Random House.
* Pearson, T. Gilbert, et al. 1936. Birds of America, New York: Garden City Publishing Company, Inc.
* Peterson, M.J. 2000. The Birds of North America: Plain Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula), No. 550. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
* [[Chandler Robbins|Robbins, Chandler S.]] et al. 1966. A Guide to Field Identification: Birds of North America, New York: Golden Press.
{{refend}}


== Спољашње везе ==
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Категорија на Остави|Turniciformes}}
{{Категорија на Остави|Turniciformes}}
{{Викиврсте|Turniciformes}}
{{Викиврсте|Turniciformes}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/buttonquails-turnicidae Buttonquail videos] on the Internet Bird Collection


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Верзија на датум 31. мај 2022. у 02:08

Turnicidae
Turnix melanogaster
Научна класификација e
Домен: Eukaryota
Царство: Animalia
Тип: Chordata
Класа: Aves
Ред: Charadriiformes
Породица: Turnicidae
Gray, 1840
Родови
Распрострањеност Turnicidae

Препеличарке (лат.Turnicidae) представљају породицу птица који садржи само два рода и петнаест врста.

Опис

То су мале, збијене птице које настањују тло, а живе у тропским и суптропским подручјима Старог света. Имају кратка и заокружена крила и крећу се само ретким и кратким летовима. На ногама имају само по два прста. Сивосмеђе перје нешто већих женки је светлије него код мужјака. На јајима лежи само мужјак, а и сву бригу о младунцима води само он. Јаја се излегну након 12 до 13 дана, а младунци могу да лете у року од 2 недеље од излегања.[1]

Таксономија

Buttonquail were traditionally placed in Gruiformes[2] or Galliformes[3].[4] (the crane and pheasant orders). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy elevated them to ordinal status as the Turniciformes and basal to other Neoaves either because their accelerated rate of molecular evolution exceeded the limits of sensitivity of DNA-DNA hybridization or because the authors did not perform the appropriate pairwise comparisons or both. Morphological, DNA-DNA hybridization and sequence data indicate that turnicids correctly belong to the shorebirds (Charadriiformes).[5][6][7]

Врсте

Породица Turnicidae:

Подврсте

Галерија

Референце

  1. ^ Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ур. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. стр. 101. 1-85391-186-0. 
  2. ^ Fain, M. G.; Krajewski, C.; Houde, P. (2007). „Phylogeny of 'core Gruiformes' (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin-Sungrebe problem” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (2): 515—529. PMID 17419074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2008-10-13. г. 
  3. ^ Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021). „Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements”. BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 209. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1Слободан приступ. 
  4. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, ур. (јул 2021). „Pheasants, partridges, francolins”. IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Приступљено 23. 11. 2021. 
  5. ^ Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (2003). „RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268—78. PMID 13678682. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8. 
  6. ^ Fain, Matthew G.; Houde, Peter (2004). „Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds” (PDF). Evolution. 58 (11): 2558—73. PMID 15612298. doi:10.1554/04-235. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2013-04-07. г. 
  7. ^ Paton TA, Baker AJ (2006). „Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657—67. PMID 16531074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011. 

Литература

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