Prva petoletka (SSSR)
Prvi petogodišnji plan (rus. I пятилетний план) Saveza Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika (SSSR) je bila lista ekonomskih ciljeva koju je kreirao generalni sekretar Komunističke partije Josif Staljin, na osnovu njegove politike socijalizma u jednoj zemlji. Plan je sproveden 1928. godine i važio je do 1932.[1]
Sovjetski Savez je ušao u seriju petogodišnjih planova koji su počeli 1928. pod vlašću Josifa Staljina. Staljin je pokrenuo ono što će kasnije biti nazvano „revolucijom odozgo” kako bi poboljšao unutrašnju politiku Sovjetskog Saveza. Politika je bila usredsređena na brzu industrijalizaciju i kolektivizaciju poljoprivrede. Staljin je želeo da ukloni i zameni sve politike kreirane u okviru Nove ekonomske politike.[2]
Plan je, u celini, bio da se Sovjetski Savez transformiše iz slabe, loše kontrolisane poljoprivredne države u industrijsku silu. Iako je vizija bila velika, njeno planiranje je bilo neefikasno i nerealno s obzirom na kratko vreme dato za postizanje željenih ciljeva.[3][4]
Nasleđe[uredi | uredi izvor]
Brojne ulice i trgovi u većim ruskim gradovima nose nazive po planu, uključujući Ulicu Prve petoletke u Čeljabinsku i Volgogradu i Trg prve petoletke u Jekaterinburgu . Prvi petogodišnji plan doveo je do naglog porasta stanovništva u sovjetskim gradovima. Najmanje 23 miliona sovjetskih seljaka uselilo se u gradove, a stanovništvo Moskve poraslo je za skoro 60 procenata.[5] Veliki deo urbanizacije Sovjetskog Saveza nastao je zbog deportacije seljaka iz sela.[5] Od 1929. do 1931. godine, 1.4 miliona seljaka je deportovano u gradove[5]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ „The First Five Year Plan, 1928–1932”. Special Collections & Archives (na jeziku: engleski). 2015-10-07. Pristupljeno 2019-02-23.
- ^ Kotkin, Stephen (2017). „Chapter 1: Triumph of the Will”. Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1594203800.
- ^ „Collectivization and Industrialization”. www.loc.gov. Pristupljeno 2018-04-20.
- ^ Holland, Hunter (1973). „The Overambitious First Soviet Five-Year Plan”. Slavic Review. Cambridge University Press. 32 (2): 237—257. JSTOR 2495959. doi:10.2307/2495959
.
- ^ a b v Hoffmann, David L. (zima 1991). „Moving to Moscow: Patterns of Peasant In-Migration during the First Five- Year Plan”. Slavic Review. 50 (4): 847—857. JSTOR 2500466. S2CID 163966214. doi:10.2307/2500466 — preko Cambridge University Press.
Dodatna literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Applebaum, A. (2017). Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine. New York: Doubleday.[1][2][3]
- Conquest, R. (2006). The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. London: Pimlico.[4][5]
- Danilov, V. P., Ivnitskii, N. A., Kozlov, D., Shabad, S., & Viola, L. (2008). The War Against the Peasantry, 1927–1930: The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.[6][7]
- Fitzpatrick, Sheila (1994). „5: Stalin's Revolution”. The Russian Revolution (2nd izd.). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Fitzpatrick, Sheila. (1994). Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization. New York: Oxford University Press.[8][9]
- Melnikova-Raich, Sonia (2010). „The Soviet Problem with Two 'Unknowns': How an American Architect and a Soviet Negotiator Jump-Started the Industrialization of Russia, Part I: Albert Kahn”. IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 36 (2): 57—80. ISSN 0160-1040. JSTOR 41933723. (abstract)
- ^ Kuzio, Taras (2018). „Red Famine. Stalin's War on Ukraine”. Europe-Asia Studies. 70 (8): 1334—1335. S2CID 54880488. doi:10.1080/09668136.2018.1520510.
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Sheila (25. 8. 2017). „Red Famine by Anne Applebaum review – did Stalin deliberately let Ukraine starve?”. The Guardian Book Reviews. Pristupljeno 1. 2. 2020.
- ^ Hochschild, Adam (18. 10. 2017). „Stalinist Crimes in Ukraine That Resonate Today”. New York Times Book Review. Pristupljeno 1. 2. 2020.
- ^ Smith, George B. (1987). „Reviewed Work: The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. by Robert Conquest”. The Journal of Politics. 49 (3): 904—905. JSTOR 2131299. doi:10.2307/2131299.
- ^ Kosiński, L. A. (1987). „Reviewed Work: The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine by Robert Conquest”. Population and Development Review. 13 (1): 149—153. JSTOR 1972127. doi:10.2307/1972127.
- ^ Moon, David (2007). „Reviewed work: The War against the Peasantry 1927–1930: The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside, L. Viola, V. P. Danilov, N. A. Ivnitskii, D. Kozlov”. The Slavonic and East European Review. 85 (3): 585—587. JSTOR 25479122. doi:10.1353/see.2007.0065.
- ^ Merl, Stephan (2006). „The War against the Peasantry, 1927–1930: The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside. By Lynne Viola, V. P. Danilov, N. A. Ivnitskii, and Denis Kozlov. Trans. Steven Shabad. Annals of Communism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.”. Slavic Review. 65 (4): 828—829. JSTOR 4148486. doi:10.2307/4148486.
- ^ Johnson, R. (1996). „Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization”. Slavic Review. 55 (1): 186—187. JSTOR 2500998. S2CID 164781635. doi:10.2307/2500998.
- ^ Merl, Stephan (1995). „Reviewed Work: Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village After Collectivization by Sheila Fitzpatrick”. Russian History. 22 (3): 326—328. JSTOR 24658456.