Ему — разлика између измена

Ему; Временски распон: Middle Miocene – present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N миоцен–садашњост
Статус угрожености
	; Најмање угрожен (IUCN 3.1)
Научна класификација
Домен:	Eukaryota
Царство:	Animalia
Тип:	Chordata
Класа:	Aves
Ред:	Casuariiformes
Породица:	Dromaiidae
Род:	Dromaius
Врста:	D. novaehollandiae
Биномно име
	Dromaius novaehollandiae; (Latham, 1790)
Подврсте
	D. n. novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790); D. n. woodwardi (Mathews, 1912) (оспораван); † D. n. diemenensis Le Souef, 1907; † D. n. minor Spencer, 1906;
	Ему насељава подручја осенчена црвеном бојом.
Синоними
	Списак Casuarius novaehollandiae Latham, 1790 ; Dromiceius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) ; Casuarius australis Shaw, 1792 ; Dromaius ater Vieillot, 1817 ; Dromiceius emu Stephens, 1826 ; Casuarius diemenianus Jennings, 1827 ; Dromiceius major Brookes, 1830 ; Dromaeus irroratus Bartlett, 1859 ; Dromaeus ater (Blyth, 1862) ;

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Верзија на датум 19. септембар 2021. у 19:49

call of a female emu at the ZOOM Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen in Germany

Ему (лат. Dromaius novaehollandiae) друга је по величини савремена птица, једини живи представник рода Dromaius. Она је ендемска у Аустралији где је највећа домаћа птица. Распон емуа покрива већи део копнене Аустралије, док су подврсте Тасманије, острва Кенгур и острва Кинг нестале након европског насељавања Аустралије 1788.

Таксономија

Историја

Emus were first reported as having been seen by Europeans when explorers visited the western coast of Australia in 1696. This was during an expedition led by Dutch captain Willem de Vlamingh who was searching for survivors of a ship that had gone missing two years earlier.^[6] The birds were known on the eastern coast before 1788, when the first Europeans settled there.^[7] The birds were first mentioned under the name of the "New Holland cassowary" in Arthur Phillip's Voyage to Botany Bay, published in 1789.^[8]^[9]

The species was named by ornithologist John Latham in 1790 based on a specimen from the Sydney area of Australia, a country which was known as New Holland at the time.^[3]^[10] He collaborated on Phillip's book and provided the first descriptions of, and names for, many Australian bird species; Dromaius comes from a Greek word meaning "racer" and novaehollandiae is the Latin term for New Holland, so the name can be rendered as "fast-footed New Hollander".^[11] In his original 1816 description of the emu, the French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot used two generic names, first Dromiceius and later Dromaius.^[12] It has been a point of contention ever since as to which name should be used; the latter is more correctly formed, but the convention in taxonomy is that the first name given to an organism stands, unless it is clearly a typographical error.^[13] Most modern publications, including those of the Australian government,^[5] use Dromaius, with Dromiceius mentioned as an alternative spelling.^[5]

Систематика

The emu was long classified, with its closest relatives the cassowaries, in the family Casuariidae, part of the ratite order Struthioniformes.^[14] An alternate classification was proposed in 2014 by Mitchell et al., based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA. This splits off the Casuariidae into their own order, the Casuariformes,^[15] and includes only the cassowaries in the family Casuariidae, placing the emus in their own family, Dromaiidae. The cladogram shown below is from their study.^[16]

Recent paleognaths

	†Aepyornithidae (elephant birds)

	Apterygidae (kiwi)

	Dromaiidae (emus)

	Casuariidae (cassowaries)

	†Dinornithiformes (moa)

	Tinamidae (tinamous)

Rheidae (rheas)

Struthionidae (ostriches)

Two different Dromaius species were present in Australia at the time of European settlement, and one additional species is known from fossil remains. The insular dwarf emus, D. n. baudinianus and D. n. minor, originally present on Kangaroo Island and King Island respectively, both became extinct shortly after the arrival of Europeans.^[17]^[18] D. n. diemenensis, another insular dwarf emu from Tasmania, became extinct around 1865. The mainland subspecies, D. n. novaehollandiae, remains common. The population of these birds varies from decade to decade, largely being dependent on rainfall; in 2009, it was estimated that there were between 630,000 and 725,000 birds.^[19] Emus were introduced to Maria Island^[20] off Tasmania, and Kangaroo Island off the coast of South Australia, during the 20th century. The Maria Island population died out in the mid-1990s. The Kangaroo Island birds have successfully established a breeding population.^[21]

In 1912, the Australian ornithologist Gregory M. Mathews recognised three living subspecies of emu,^[22] D. n. novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790),^[23] D. n. woodwardi Mathews, 1912^[24] and D. n. rothschildi Mathews, 1912.^[25] The Handbook of the Birds of the World, however, argues that the last two of these subspecies are invalid; natural variations in plumage colour and the nomadic nature of the species make it likely that there is a single race in mainland Australia.^[26]^[27] Examination of the DNA of the King Island emu shows this bird to be closely related to the mainland emu and hence best treated as a subspecies.^[18]

Опис

Ему је највиша птица у Аустралији која не лети. Може да нарасте чак до 2 метра. Врат и ноге су дуги, а крила кратка, само 20 центиметара дуга. Имају двоструко перје, а оба слоја су исте дужине. Након митарења су ове птице тамне, али како пигменти који дају смеђу боју бледе на сунцу, постају светлије. Младунци имају издужене смеђе, крем и црне шаре које им служе да се прикрију у грмљу и у трави.

Женка полаже 9−20 јаја у априлу, мају и јуну. Тек снесена јаја су тамнозелена. Међутим, током инкубације тамне и постану скоро црна. Мужјак гради гнездо, седи на јајима и подиже младунце.

Некада је постојало више врста емуа, али их је човек истребио.

Распрострањеност

Ему насељава Аустралију. Живе у пустињама, равницама и шумама.

Исхрана

Хране се опортунистички, биљкама и инсектима.

Често долазе у поља житарица и у изворе у пустињи, па их многи фармери сматрају штеточинама.

Галерија

Референце

^ Patterson, C.; Rich, Patricia Vickers (1987). „The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae)”. Records of the South Australian Museum. 21: 85—117.
^ BirdLife International (2018). „Dromaius novaehollandiae”. Црвени списак угрожених врста IUCN. IUCN. 2018: e.T22678117A131902466. Приступљено 15. 2. 2020.
^ ^а ^б Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). „Emus”. Ур.: Hutchins, Michael. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2nd изд.). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. стр. 83—87. ISBN 978-0-7876-5784-0.
^ ^а ^б Brands, Sheila (14. 8. 2008). „Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Dromaius novaehollandiae”. Project: The Taxonomicon. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 3. 2016. г. Приступљено 14. 7. 2015.
^ ^а ^б ^в ^г „Names List for Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790)”. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Архивирано из оригинала 14. 7. 2015. г. Приступљено 14. 7. 2015.
^ Robert, Willem Carel Hendrik (1972). The explorations, 1696–1697, of Australia by Willem De Vlamingh. Philo Press. стр. 140. ISBN 978-90-6022-501-1.
^ Eastman, p. 5.
^ Gould, John (1865). Handbook to the Birds of Australia. 2. London. стр. 200—203.
^ Philip, Arthur (1789). The voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay. London: Printed by John Stockdale. стр. 271—272.
^ Latham, John (1790). Index Ornithologicus, Sive Systema Ornithologiae: Complectens Avium Divisionem in Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Ipsarumque Varietates (Volume 2) (на језику: латински). London: Leigh & Sotheby. стр. 665.
^ Gotch, A.F. (1995) [1979]. „16”. Latin Names Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals. Facts on File. стр. 179. ISBN 978-0-8160-3377-5.
^ Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre (1816). Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire, par L.P. Vieillot. Deteville, libraire, rue Hautefeuille. стр. 54, 70.
^ Alexander, W.B. (1927). „Generic name of the Emu”. Auk. 44 (4): 592—593. JSTOR 4074902. doi:10.2307/4074902.
^ Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Csiro Publishing. стр. 57. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
^ Tudge, Colin (2009). The Bird: A Natural History of Who Birds Are, Where They Came From, and How They Live. Random House Digital. стр. 116. ISBN 978-0-307-34204-1.
^ Mitchell, K.J.; Llamas, B.; Soubrier, J.; Rawlence, N.J.; Worthy, T.H.; Wood, J.; Lee, M.S.Y.; Cooper, A. (2014). „Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution” (PDF). Science. 344 (6186): 898—900. Bibcode:2014Sci...344..898M. PMID 24855267. S2CID 206555952. doi:10.1126/Science.1251981. hdl:2328/35953 .
^ Boles, Walter (6. 4. 2010). „Emu”. Australian Museum. Приступљено 18. 7. 2015.
^ ^а ^б Heupink, Tim H.; Huynen, Leon; Lambert, David M. (2011). „Ancient DNA suggests dwarf and 'giant' emu are conspecific”. PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18728. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618728H. PMC 3073985 . PMID 21494561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018728 .
^ „Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae”. BirdLife International. Приступљено 26. 6. 2015.
^ Williams, W.D. (2012). Biogeography and Ecology in Tasmania. Springer Science & Business Media. стр. 450. ISBN 978-94-010-2337-5.
^ Frith, Harold James (1973). Wildlife conservation. Angus and Robertson. стр. 308. ISBN 9780207126888.
^ Mathews, Gregory M. (1912). „Class: Aves; Genus Dromiceius”. Novitates Zoologicae. XVIII (3): 175—176.
^ „Emu (South Eastern): Dromaius novaehollandiae [novaehollandiae or rothschildi] (= Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae) (Latham, 1790)”. Avibase. Приступљено 5. 9. 2015.
^ „Emu (Northern): Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (woodwardi) (= Dromaius novaehollandiae woodwardi) Mathews, 1912”. Avibase. Приступљено 5. 9. 2015.
^ „Emu (South Western): Dromaius novaehollandiae rothschildi Mathews, 1912”. Avibase. Приступљено 5. 9. 2015.
^ Bruce, M.D. (1999). „Common emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)”. Ур.: del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-25-2. (потребна претплата)
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (ур.). „Subspecies Updates”. IOC World Bird List, v 5.2. Приступљено 14. 7. 2015.

Литература

Микеш, Михаљ (2001). Велика енциклопедија животиња. ISBN 978-86-489-0303-7.
„Dromaius novaehollandiae: BirdLife International”. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1. 5. 2012. Приступљено 30. 6. 2018.
Eastman, Maxine (1969). The Life of the Emu. Angus and Robertson. ISBN 978-0-207-95120-6.

Спољашње везе

Ему Бео Зоо Врт
Ему
„Emeu”. Encyclopædia Britannica (на језику: енглески) (11 изд.). 1911.

[1] Patterson, C.; Rich, Patricia Vickers (1987). „The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae)”. Records of the South Australian Museum. 21: 85—117.

[IUCN-2] BirdLife International (2018). „Dromaius novaehollandiae”. Црвени списак угрожених врста IUCN. IUCN. 2018: e.T22678117A131902466. Приступљено 15. 2. 2020.

[Davies-3] а ^б Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). „Emus”. Ур.: Hutchins, Michael. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2nd изд.). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. стр. 83—87. ISBN 978-0-7876-5784-0.

[tax-4] а ^б Brands, Sheila (14. 8. 2008). „Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Dromaius novaehollandiae”. Project: The Taxonomicon. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 3. 2016. г. Приступљено 14. 7. 2015.

[ag-5] а ^б ^в ^г „Names List for Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790)”. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Архивирано из оригинала 14. 7. 2015. г. Приступљено 14. 7. 2015.

[Robert-6] Robert, Willem Carel Hendrik (1972). The explorations, 1696–1697, of Australia by Willem De Vlamingh. Philo Press. стр. 140. ISBN 978-90-6022-501-1.

[e5-7] Eastman, p. 5.

[Gould-8] Gould, John (1865). Handbook to the Birds of Australia. 2. London. стр. 200—203.

[9] Philip, Arthur (1789). The voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay. London: Printed by John Stockdale. стр. 271—272.

[10] Latham, John (1790). Index Ornithologicus, Sive Systema Ornithologiae: Complectens Avium Divisionem in Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Ipsarumque Varietates (Volume 2) (на језику: латински). London: Leigh & Sotheby. стр. 665.

[11] Gotch, A.F. (1995) [1979]. „16”. Latin Names Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals. Facts on File. стр. 179. ISBN 978-0-8160-3377-5.

[12] Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre (1816). Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire, par L.P. Vieillot. Deteville, libraire, rue Hautefeuille. стр. 54, 70.

[13] Alexander, W.B. (1927). „Generic name of the Emu”. Auk. 44 (4): 592—593. JSTOR 4074902. doi:10.2307/4074902.

[Christidis-14] Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Csiro Publishing. стр. 57. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.

[15] Tudge, Colin (2009). The Bird: A Natural History of Who Birds Are, Where They Came From, and How They Live. Random House Digital. стр. 116. ISBN 978-0-307-34204-1.

[Mitchell-16] Mitchell, K.J.; Llamas, B.; Soubrier, J.; Rawlence, N.J.; Worthy, T.H.; Wood, J.; Lee, M.S.Y.; Cooper, A. (2014). „Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution” (PDF). Science. 344 (6186): 898—900. Bibcode:2014Sci...344..898M. PMID 24855267. S2CID 206555952. doi:10.1126/Science.1251981. hdl:2328/35953 .

[AM-17] Boles, Walter (6. 4. 2010). „Emu”. Australian Museum. Приступљено 18. 7. 2015.

[Heupink-18] а ^б Heupink, Tim H.; Huynen, Leon; Lambert, David M. (2011). „Ancient DNA suggests dwarf and 'giant' emu are conspecific”. PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18728. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618728H. PMC 3073985 . PMID 21494561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018728 .

[BirdLife-19] „Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae”. BirdLife International. Приступљено 26. 6. 2015.

[Williams-20] Williams, W.D. (2012). Biogeography and Ecology in Tasmania. Springer Science & Business Media. стр. 450. ISBN 978-94-010-2337-5.

[21] Frith, Harold James (1973). Wildlife conservation. Angus and Robertson. стр. 308. ISBN 9780207126888.

[22] Mathews, Gregory M. (1912). „Class: Aves; Genus Dromiceius”. Novitates Zoologicae. XVIII (3): 175—176.

[23] „Emu (South Eastern): Dromaius novaehollandiae [novaehollandiae or rothschildi] (= Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae) (Latham, 1790)”. Avibase. Приступљено 5. 9. 2015.

[24] „Emu (Northern): Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (woodwardi) (= Dromaius novaehollandiae woodwardi) Mathews, 1912”. Avibase. Приступљено 5. 9. 2015.

[25] „Emu (South Western): Dromaius novaehollandiae rothschildi Mathews, 1912”. Avibase. Приступљено 5. 9. 2015.

[HBWA-26] Bruce, M.D. (1999). „Common emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)”. Ур.: del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-25-2. (потребна претплата)

[27] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (ур.). „Subspecies Updates”. IOC World Bird List, v 5.2. Приступљено 14. 7. 2015.

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[27]

@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{Short description|Велика нелетачка птица ендемична за Аустралију}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Speciesbox
 | name = Ему
+| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Middle Miocene | present}} [[миоцен]]–садашњост<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Patterson | first1 = C. | last2 = Rich | first2 = Patricia Vickers | year = 1987 | title = The fossil history of the emus, ''Dromaius'' (Aves: Dromaiinae)| journal = Records of the South Australian Museum | volume = 21| pages = 85–117 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40781397 }}</ref>
-| fossil_range = [[Палеоцен]] — данас
-| image = Emoe.jpg
+| image = Emu 1 - Tidbinbilla.jpg
-| image_width = 250п
+| image_upright = 1.1
+| image_caption =
 | status = LC
-| status_system = iucn3.1
+| status_system = IUCN3.1
-| status_ref = <ref name="IUCN">{{IUCN2008| assessors=BirdLife International|year=2008|id=141091|title = Dromaius novaehollandiae|downloaded=3. 7. 2009}}</ref>
+| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn|page= e.T22678117A131902466 |title= ''Dromaius novaehollandiae'' |author= [[BirdLife International]] |year= 2018 |access-date= 15 February 2020}}</ref>
+| genus = Dromaius
-| regnum = -{[[Животиње|Animalia]]}-
+| species = novaehollandiae
-| phylum = -{[[Хордати|Chordata]]}-
+| authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1790)<ref name="Davies">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Davies |first=S.J.J.F.|editor=Hutchins, Michael |encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |title=Emus |edition=2nd |year=2003 |publisher=Gale Group |volume=8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan|isbn=978-0-7876-5784-0 |pages= 83–87}}</ref>
-| classis = -{[[Птице|Aves]]}-
-| ordo = -{[[Casuariiformes]]}-
-| familia = -{[[Dromaiidae]]}-
-| genus = ''-{[[Dromaius]]}-''
-| species = '''''-{D. novaehollandiae}-'''''
-| binomial = ''-{Dromaius novaehollandiae}-''
-| binomial_authority = (-{Latham}-, 1790)
 | subdivision_ranks = Подврсте
 | subdivision =
+* -{''D. n. novaehollandiae'' <small>([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1790)<ref name="tax" /></small>}-
-* ''-{D. n. diemenensis}-'' †
+* -{''D. n. woodwardi''}- <small>([[Gregory Mathews|Mathews]], 1912) (оспораван)<ref name=ag>{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/Dromaius_novaehollandiae/names |title=Names List for ''Dromaius novaehollandiae'' (Latham, 1790) |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |access-date=14 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714163201/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/Dromaius_novaehollandiae/names |archive-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref></small>
-* ''-{D. n. novaehollandiae}-''
+*† -{''[[D. n. diemenensis]]''}- <small>[[Le Souef]], 1907<ref name="tax">{{cite web|url=http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Index/Genus/..%5C..%5CClassification%5C51276.htm |title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, ''Dromaius novaehollandiae'' |access-date=14 July 2015 |last=Brands |first=Sheila |date=14 August 2008 |work=Project: The Taxonomicon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310083201/http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/main/classification/51276.htm |archive-date=10 March 2016}}</ref></small>
-* ''-{D. n. rothschildi}-''
+*† -{''[[D. n. minor]]''}- <small>[[Walter Baldwin Spencer|Spencer]], 1906</small>
-* ''-{D. n. woodwardi}-''
+| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true|title=<small>Списак</small>
-| synonyms = ''-{Dromiceius novaehollandiae}-''
+| -{''Casuarius novaehollandiae'' <small>Latham, 1790</small>}-
+| -{''Dromiceius novaehollandiae'' <small>(Latham, 1790)</small>}-
+| -{''Casuarius australis'' <small>Shaw, 1792</small>}-
+| -{''Dromaius ater'' <small>Vieillot, 1817</small>}-
+| -{''Dromiceius emu'' <small>Stephens, 1826</small>}-
+| -{''Casuarius diemenianus'' <small>Jennings, 1827</small>}-
+| -{''Dromiceius major'' <small>Brookes, 1830</small>}-
+| -{''Dromaeus irroratus'' <small>Bartlett, 1859</small>}-
+| -{''Dromaeus ater'' <small>([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1862)</small>}-
+| synonyms_ref = <ref name="ag"/>
+}}
 | range_map = Dromaius novaehollandiae map distribution 2.svg
+| range_map_caption = Ему насељава подручја осенчена црвеном бојом.
-| range_map_width = 250п
-| range_map_caption = ареал распрострањења емуа
 }}
+[[File:Dromaius novaehollandiae Lue0043 03.wav|thumb|call of a female emu at the [[ZOOM Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen]] in [[Germany]] ]]
-'''Ему''' ({{јез-лат|Dromaius novaehollandiae}}) друга је по величини савремена [[Птице|птица]], једини живи представник [[Род (биологија)|рода]] ''-{[[Dromaius]]}-''.
+'''Ему''' ({{јез-лат|Dromaius novaehollandiae}}) друга је по величини савремена [[Птице|птица]], једини живи представник [[Род (биологија)|рода]] ''-{[[Dromaius]]}-''. Она је [[Endemism|ендемска]] у Аустралији где је највећа домаћа птица. Распон емуа покрива већи део копнене Аустралије, док су подврсте [[Тасманија|Тасманије]], острва [[Kangaroo Island emu|Кенгур]] и острва [[King Island emu|Кинг]] нестале након [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|европског насељавања Аустралије]] 1788.
+== Таксономија ==
+{{рут}}
+=== Историја ===
+Emus were first reported as having been seen by Europeans when explorers visited the western coast of Australia in 1696. This was during an expedition led by Dutch captain [[Willem de Vlamingh]] who was searching for survivors of a ship that had gone missing two years earlier.<ref name=Robert>{{cite book|author=Robert, Willem Carel Hendrik |title=The explorations, 1696–1697, of Australia by Willem De Vlamingh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDfgAAAAMAAJ |year=1972 |publisher=Philo Press |isbn=978-90-6022-501-1 |page=140}}</ref> The birds were known on the eastern coast before 1788, when the first Europeans settled there.<ref name=e5>Eastman, p. 5.</ref> The birds were first mentioned under the name of the "New Holland [[cassowary]]" in [[Arthur Phillip]]'s ''Voyage to Botany Bay'', published in 1789.<ref name="Gould">{{cite book |author=Gould, John |year=1865 |title=Handbook to the Birds of Australia |volume=2 |pages=200–203 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbooktobirdso02gou|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Philip | first=Arthur | year=1789 | title=The voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay | place=London | publisher=Printed by John Stockdale | pages=271–272 | url=https://archive.org/stream/voyageofgovernor00phil_0#page/n403/mode/2up }}</ref>
+[[File:Emu skeleton.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Монтирани ему скелет]]
+The species was named by ornithologist [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] in 1790 based on a specimen from the [[Sydney]] area of Australia, a country which was known as [[New Holland (Australia)|New Holland]] at the time.<ref name="Davies" /><ref>{{cite book| last= Latham| first= John | author-link=John Latham (ornithologist) | year=1790 | title= Index Ornithologicus, Sive Systema Ornithologiae: Complectens Avium Divisionem in Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Ipsarumque Varietates (Volume 2) | language=la | place=London | publisher = Leigh & Sotheby | page=665 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1vZAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA665}}</ref> He collaborated on Phillip's book and provided the first descriptions of, and names for, many Australian bird species; ''[[Dromaius]]'' comes from a Greek word meaning "racer" and ''novaehollandiae'' is the Latin term for New Holland, so the name can be rendered as "fast-footed New Hollander".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gotch |first1=A.F. |title=Latin Names Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals|year=1995 |orig-year=1979 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-0-8160-3377-5 |page=179 |chapter=16}}</ref> In his original 1816 description of the emu, the French ornithologist [[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot]] used two [[genus|generic]] names, first ''Dromiceius'' and later ''Dromaius''.<ref>{{cite book|author= Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre|title=Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire, par L.P. Vieillot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i02jJBjImYkC&pg=PA54 |year=1816 |publisher=Deteville, libraire, rue Hautefeuille |pages=54, 70}}</ref> It has been a point of contention ever since as to which name should be used; the latter is more correctly formed, but the convention in [[Taxonomy (biology)#Alpha and beta taxonomy|taxonomy]] is that the first name given to an organism stands, unless it is clearly a [[typographical error]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Generic name of the Emu|pages=592–593 |author=Alexander, W.B.|journal=Auk |volume=44 |year=1927 |doi=10.2307/4074902 |issue=4 |jstor=4074902 |url=https://sora.unm.edu/node/14236 }}</ref> Most modern publications, including those of the Australian government,<ref name="ag" /> use ''Dromaius'', with ''Dromiceius'' mentioned as an alternative spelling.<ref name=ag />
+=== Систематика ===
+The emu was long classified, with its closest relatives the cassowaries, in the family [[Casuariidae]], part of the [[ratite]] order Struthioniformes.<ref name=Christidis>{{cite book|author1=Christidis, Les|author2=Boles, Walter|title=Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFP9P1i-PoEC&pg=PA57 |year=2008|publisher=Csiro Publishing |isbn=978-0-643-06511-6 |page=57}}</ref> An alternate classification was proposed in 2014 by Mitchell et al., based on analysis of [[mitochondrial DNA]]. This splits off the Casuariidae into their own order, the [[Casuariformes]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Tudge, Colin|year=2009|title=The Bird: A Natural History of Who Birds Are, Where They Came From, and How They Live|page=[https://archive.org/details/birdnaturalhisto0000tudg/page/116 116]|publisher=Random House Digital|isbn=978-0-307-34204-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/birdnaturalhisto0000tudg/page/116}}</ref> and includes only the cassowaries in the family Casuariidae, placing the emus in their own family, [[Dromaiidae]]. The [[cladogram]] shown below is from their study.<ref name=Mitchell>{{cite journal |author1=Mitchell, K.J. |author2=Llamas, B. |author3=Soubrier, J. |author4=Rawlence, N.J. |author5=Worthy, T.H. |author6=Wood, J. |author7=Lee, M.S.Y. |author8=Cooper, A. |year=2014 |title=Ancient DNA reveals elephant birds and kiwi are sister taxa and clarifies ratite bird evolution |journal=Science |volume=344 |issue=6186 |pages=898–900 |doi=10.1126/Science.1251981 |pmid=24855267 |bibcode=2014Sci...344..898M |url=http://dspace.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/bitstream/2328/35953/1/Mitchell_AncientDNA_AM2014.pdf |hdl=2328/35953 |s2cid=206555952 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
+{{clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%
+|label1=Recent [[paleognath]]s&nbsp;&nbsp;
+|1={{Clade
+ |1={{Clade
+  |1={{Clade
+   |1={{Clade
+    |1={{Clade
+     |1=†[[Aepyornithidae]] (elephant birds)
+     |2=[[Apterygidae]] (kiwi)
+     }}
+    |2={{Clade
+     |1='''Dromaiidae''' ('''emus''')
+     |2=[[Casuariidae]] (cassowaries)
+     }}
+    }}
+   |2={{Clade
+    |1=†[[Dinornithiformes]] (moa)
+    |2=[[Tinamidae]] (tinamous)
+    }}
+   }}
+  |2=[[Rheidae]] (rheas)
+ }}
+|2=[[Struthionidae]] (ostriches)
+}}
+}}
+Two different ''Dromaius'' species were present in Australia at the time of European settlement, and one additional species is known from fossil remains. The [[insular dwarf]] emus, ''[[Kangaroo Island emu|D. n. baudinianus]]'' and ''[[King Island emu|D. n. minor]]'', originally present on [[Kangaroo Island]] and [[King Island (Tasmania)|King Island]] respectively, both became [[extinction|extinct]] shortly after the arrival of Europeans.<ref name="AM">{{cite web|author=Boles, Walter |publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/birds/emu/ |title=Emu |date=6 April 2010 |access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=Heupink>{{cite journal|author1=Heupink, Tim H. |author2=Huynen, Leon |author3=Lambert, David M. | year=2011|title=Ancient DNA suggests dwarf and 'giant' emu are conspecific|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=4 |page= e18728| doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018728|pmid=21494561|pmc=3073985| bibcode=2011PLoSO...618728H|doi-access=free }}</ref> ''[[Tasmanian emu|D. n. diemenensis]]'', another insular dwarf emu from [[Tasmania]], became extinct around 1865. The mainland subspecies, ''D. n. novaehollandiae'', remains common. The population of these birds varies from decade to decade, largely being dependent on rainfall; in 2009, it was estimated that there were between 630,000 and 725,000 birds.<ref name=BirdLife/> Emus were introduced to [[Maria Island]]<ref name=Williams>{{cite book|author=Williams, W.D.|title=Biogeography and Ecology in Tasmania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pp3qCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA450 |year=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-010-2337-5 |page=450 }}</ref> off Tasmania, and Kangaroo Island off the coast of South Australia, during the 20th century. The Maria Island population died out in the mid-1990s. The Kangaroo Island birds have successfully established a breeding population.<ref>{{cite book|author=Frith, Harold James|title=Wildlife conservation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAsKAQAAMAAJ |year=1973 |publisher=Angus and Robertson |page=308|isbn=9780207126888}}</ref>
+In 1912, the Australian ornithologist [[Gregory M. Mathews]] recognised three living subspecies of emu,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mathews, Gregory M. |year=1912 |title=Class: Aves; Genus ''Dromiceius'' |journal=Novitates Zoologicae |volume=XVIII |issue=3 |pages=175–176 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22250#page/199/mode/1up }}</ref> ''D. n. novaehollandiae'' (Latham, 1790),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C4C362A9&sec=summary&ssver=1 |title=Emu (South Eastern): ''Dromaius novaehollandiae [novaehollandiae'' or ''rothschildi''] (= ''Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae'') (Latham, 1790) |work=Avibase |access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> ''D. n. woodwardi'' Mathews, 1912<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A789F41C&sec=summary&ssver=1 |title=Emu (Northern): ''Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae'' (woodwardi) (= ''Dromaius novaehollandiae woodwardi'') Mathews, 1912 |work=Avibase |access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> and ''D. n. rothschildi'' Mathews, 1912.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=AEA00567&sec=summary&ssver=1 |title=Emu (South Western): ''Dromaius novaehollandiae rothschildi'' Mathews, 1912 |work=Avibase |access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> The [[Handbook of the Birds of the World]], however, argues that the last two of these subspecies are invalid; natural variations in plumage colour and the nomadic nature of the species make it likely that there is a single race in mainland Australia.<ref name=HBWA/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/subspecies/ |title=Subspecies Updates |work=IOC World Bird List, v 5.2 |editor=Gill, Frank |editor2=Donsker, David |access-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> Examination of the DNA of the King Island emu shows this bird to be closely related to the mainland emu and hence best treated as a subspecies.<ref name=Heupink />
 == Опис ==
@@ Ред 46: / Ред 95: @@
 == Галерија ==
-<gallery>
+<gallery widths="250px" heights="180px">
 Датотека:Emu chick 1.jpg
 Датотека:Emu-Australien.jpg
@@ Ред 61: / Ред 110: @@
 == Референце ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{reflist|refs=
+<ref name=BirdLife>{{cite web| url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=7&m=1| title=Emu ''Dromaius novaehollandiae''| access-date=26 June 2015 | publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref>
+<ref name=HBWA>{{cite book |title=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive |last=Bruce |first=M.D. |year=1999 |editor-last=del Hoyo |editor-first=J. |editor2-last=Elliott |editor2-first=A. |editor3-last=Sargatal |editor3-first=J. |chapter=Common emu (''Dromaius novaehollandiae'') |publisher=Lynx Edicions |isbn=978-84-87334-25-2 |chapter-url=http://www.hbw.com/species/common-emu-dromaius-novaehollandiae |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse }}{{subscription required}}</ref>
+}}
 == Литература ==
+{{refbegin|}}
 * {{Cite book|ref=harv|title = Велика енциклопедија животиња |last=Микеш|first=Михаљ |year=2001|isbn=978-86-489-0303-7|location=|pages=}}
 * {{Cite web|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2012-1.rlts.t22678117a38378519.en |title = Dromaius novaehollandiae: BirdLife International |date=1. 5. 2012 |website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |accessdate=30. 6. 2018}}
+* {{cite book|author=Eastman, Maxine|title=The Life of the Emu |year=1969 |publisher=Angus and Robertson |isbn=978-0-207-95120-6}}
+{{refend}}
 == Спољашње везе ==
@@ Ред 71: / Ред 126: @@
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214103556/http://www.beozoovrt.rs/revoke_portfolio/emu-54/ Ему Бео Зоо Врт]
 * [https://www.britannica.com/animal/emu Ему]
+* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Emeu|short=x}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q93208}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Taxonbar}}
 [[Категорија:Емуи]]

Нормативна контрола
Државне	Француска BnF подаци Немачка Израел Сједињене Државе Летонија
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика