Тор (митологија)

Тор ратује са џиновима

Тор је један од главних нордијских богова. Тор је бог грома, буре, бог виталних сила, бог земљорадње. Као бог који је контролисао кишу био је одговоран за приносе. Такође је био заштитник огњишта и брака. Тор је син Одина. Он је сматран за ближег људима од Одина - такође је прек, али мање тајанствен. Углавном се представља са дугом, риђом брадом и чекићем у руци. Дрво посвећено Тору је био храст. Није био лукав као Один и дешавало му се да упадне у замку, али би на крају увек побеђивао. Од његовог имена потиче име четвртка у данском, шведском и енглеском језику (Torsdag, Thursday = 'дан Тора'), исто тако немачка реч за четвртак Donnerstag долази из старогерманског назива за тог бога Donar.

Due to the nature of the Germanic corpus, narratives featuring Thor are only attested in Old Norse, where Thor appears throughout Norse mythology. Norse mythology, largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia, provides numerous tales featuring the god. In these sources, Thor bears at least fifteen names, is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif, is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa, and is generally described as fierce eyed, with red hair and red beard.

Име

The medieval Germanic forms Þórr (Old Norse), Donar (Old High German), Þunor (Old English), Thuner (Old Frisian) and Thunar (Old Saxon) are cognates—linguistic siblings of the same origin. They descend from the Proto-Germanic theonym Þun(a)raz ('Thunder'), which is identical to the name of the Celtic god Taranus (by metathesis of *Tonaros; cf. OBrit. Tanaro, Gaul. Tanarus), and further related to the Latin epithet Tonans (attached to Jupiter), via the common Proto-Indo-European root for 'thunder' *(s)tenh₂-. According to scholar Peter Jackson, those theonyms may have originally emerged as the result of the fossilization of an original epithet (or epiclesis) of the Proto-Indo-European thunder-god *Perk^wunos, since the Vedic weather-god Parjanya is also called stanayitnú- ('Thunderer').

The English weekday name Thursday comes from Old English Þunresdæg, meaning 'day of Þunor'. It is cognate with Old Norse Þórsdagr and with Old High German Donarestag. All of these terms derive from the Late Proto-Germanic weekday *Þonaresdag ('Day of Þun(a)raz'), a calque of Latin Iovis dies ('Day of Jove'; cf. modern Italian giovedì, French jeudi, Spanish jueves). By employing a practice known as interpretatio germanica during the Roman period, ancient Germanic peoples adopted the Latin weekly calendar and replaced the names of Roman gods with their own.

Beginning in the Viking Age, personal names containing the theonym Thórr are recorded with great frequency, whereas no examples are known prior to this period. Thórr-based names may have flourished during the Viking Age as a defiant response to attempts at Christianization, similar to the wide scale Viking Age practice of wearing Thor's hammer pendants.

Види још

• Списак нордијских богова

Литература

• Arnold, Martin (2011). Thor: Myth to Marvel. Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-3715-9. 
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• Meulengracht Sørensen, Preben (1986). „Thor's Fishing Expedition”. Ур.: Steinsland, Gro. Words and Objects: Towards a Dialogue Between Archeology and History of Religion. Oslo: Norwegian University Press. ISBN 82-00-07751-9. 
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• Robinson, George W. (Trans.) (1916). The Life of Saint Boniface by Willibald. Harvard University Press. „life of boniface.” 
• Sawyer, Birgit (2003). The Viking-Age Rune-Stones: Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820643-7. 
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• Turville-Petre, E. O. G. (1964). Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. OCLC 460550410. 
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• Beard, Katherine Suzanne. 2019. Hamarinn Mjǫllnir:The Eitri Database and the Evolution of the Hammer Symbol in Old Norse Mythology. MA database project. University of Iceland. Online. Last accessed January 18, 2021.
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• Imer, Lisbeth M. 2017. "Gamle fund – nye opdagelser" [Old finds – new discoveries]. Die Faszination des Verborgenen und seine Entschlüsselung – Raði sāʀ kunni (in Danish). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-054738-2
• Larrington, Carolyne. 2014. The Poetic Edda. Revised edition. Oxford World's Classics. ISBN 978-0-19-967534-0
• MacLeod, Mindy & Bernard Mees. 2006. Runic Amulets and Magic Objects. Boydel & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84383-205-8
• McKinnell, John; Simek, Rudolf; Düwel, Klaus (2004). „Gods and Mythological Beings in the Younger Futhark” (PDF). Runes, Magic and Religion: A Sourcebook. Studia Medievalia Septentrionalia. 10. Vienna: Fassbaender. ISBN 978-3-900538-81-1. 
• "Runer bekræfter: Thors hammer er en hammer" [Runes confirm: Thor's hammer is a hammer]. Natmus.dk (in Danish and English). 12 June 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
• Nordeide, Sæbjørg Walaker. 2006. "Thor's hammer in Norway" in Anders Andrén, editor. Old Norse Religion in Long-term Perspectives. Nordic Academic Press.
• Orchard, Andy. 1997. Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2
• Sawyer, Birgit. 2003. The Viking-Age Rune-Stones: Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820643-7.
• Simek, Rudolf. 2007 [1993]. Translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer.
• Thorpe, Benjamin. Trans. 1866. Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: The Edda of Sæmund the Learned. Part I. London: Trübner & Co.
• Williams, Howard. 2013. "Death, Memory, and Material Culture: Catalytic Commemoration and the Cremated Dead" in Sarah Tarlow and Liv Nilsson Stutz, editors. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956906-9

Спољашње везе

• MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository) Illustrations of Þórr from manuscripts and early print books. Clicking on a thumbnail brings up the full image and information concerning it.