Лагуна — разлика између измена

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Лагуна је залив одвојен од мора пешчаним наносима. Лагуна је плитко подручје слане или бочатне воде уз морску обалу које је у мањој или већој мјери затворено. Обично је одијељена од отвореног мора са ниским пјешчаним острвима (лидо) или кораљним превлакама. Лагуне се обично налазе уз ниске пјешчане морске обале, посебно на ушћима ријека у море.

Лагунама се исто називају и канали између копна и кораљних гребена, и воде у атолима (врста острва).

Познате су лагуне на обали Венецијанског залива, Балтичког мора, Црног мора и Мексичког залива.

Дефиниција

Balos coastal lagoon of northwestern Crete. The shallow lagoon is separated from the Mediterranean sea by narrow shoals connecting to a small, rocky mountain.

Lagoon vs. estuary

Lagoons are shallow, often elongated bodies of water separated from a larger body of water by a shallow or exposed shoal, coral reef, or similar feature. Some authorities include fresh water bodies in the definition of "lagoon", while others explicitly restrict "lagoon" to bodies of water with some degree of salinity. The distinction between "lagoon" and "estuary" also varies between authorities. Richard A. Davis Jr. restricts "lagoon" to bodies of water with little or no fresh water inflow, and little or no tidal flow, and calls any bay that receives a regular flow of fresh water an "estuary". Davis does state that the terms "lagoon" and "estuary" are "often loosely applied, even in scientific literature".^[1] Timothy M. Kusky characterizes lagoons as normally being elongated parallel to the coast, while estuaries are usually drowned river valleys, elongated perpendicular to the coast.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Coastal lagoons are classified as inland bodies of water.^[6]^[7]

Coral reefs

When used within the context of a distinctive portion of coral reef ecosystems, the term "lagoon" is synonymous with the term "back reef" or "backreef", which is more commonly used by coral reef scientists to refer to the same area.^[8]

Names

Many lagoons do not include "lagoon" in their common names. Currituck, Albemarle and Pamlico sounds in North Carolina,^[9] Great South Bay between Long Island and the barrier beaches of Fire Island in New York,^[10] Isle of Wight Bay, which separates Ocean City, Maryland from the rest of Worcester County, Maryland,^[11] Banana River in Florida,^[12] Lake Illawarra in New South Wales,^[13] Montrose Basin in Scotland,^[14] and Broad Water in Wales have all been classified as lagoons, despite their names. In England, The Fleet at Chesil Beach has also been described as a lagoon.

In some languages the word for a lagoon is simply a type of lake: In Chinese a lake is hu (湖), a lagoon is xihu. (潟湖)

Contrariwise, several other languages have specific words for such bodies of water. In Spanish, coastal lagoons generically are laguna costera, but those on the Mediterranean coast are specifically called albufera (es): In Russian and Ukrainian those on the Black Sea are liman (лиман), while the generic word is laguna (Лагуна). Similarly, in the Baltic, Danish has the specific Nor (da), and German the specifics Bodden and Haff (de), as well as generic terms derived from laguna. In New Zealand the Māori word hapua refers to a coastal lagoon formed at the mouth of a braided river where there is mixed sand and gravel beaches, while the word waituna is the more general term.

Етимологија

Lagoon is derived from the Italian laguna, which refers to the waters around Venice, the Lagoon of Venice. Laguna is attested in English by at least 1612, and had been Anglicized to "lagune" by 1673. In 1697 William Dampier referred to a "Lagune or Lake of Salt water" on the coast of Mexico. Captain James Cook described an island "of Oval form with a Lagoon in the middle" in 1769.^[15]

Атолске лагуне

Atoll lagoons form as coral reefs grow upwards while the islands that the reefs surround subside, until eventually only the reefs remain above sea level. Unlike the lagoons that form shoreward of fringing reefs, atoll lagoons often contain some deep (>20 metre; 65') portions.

Слике

Lagoon

Satellite picture of the Atafu atoll in Tokelau in the Pacific Ocean
Lagoa dos Patos, the largest lagoon in South America, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Aerial view of Bora Bora in French Polynesia.
Aerial view of Kivalina, Alaska from the northwest.
Nearly half the area of Kiritimati is covered with lagoons, some freshwater and some seawater.
Nusa Lembongan Lagoon, Bali, Indonesia.
Panoramic view of Lefkada City Lagoon, Lefkada Isl., Ionian Islands Prefecture, Greece.
Panoramic view of Prokopos Lagoon, Achaia, Western Greece Prefecture, Greece.
Tropical lagoon in Bacuit Bay, Palawan, Philippines.
Photo of Mar Menor as seen from International Space Station.

Референце

^ ^а ^б Davis, Richard A., Jr. (1994). The Evolving Coast. New York: Scientific American Library. стр. 101, 107. ISBN 9780716750420.
^ *Allaby, Michael, ур. (1990). „Lagoon”. Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921194-4.
^ Kusky, Timothy, ур. (2005). „Lagoon”. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences. New York: Facts on File. стр. 245. ISBN 0-8160-4973-4.
^ Nybakken, James W., ур. (2003). „Lagoon”. Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Marine Sciences. 2 G-O. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Academic Reference. стр. 189—90. ISBN 0-7172-5946-3.
^ Reid, George K. (1961). Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. стр. 74. ASIN B003MRW6AK.
^ Maurice L. Schwartz (2005). Encyclopedia of coastal science. Springer. стр. 263. ISBN 978-1-4020-1903-6. Приступљено 31. 3. 2012.
^ Kjerfve, Björn (1994). „Coastal Lagoons”. Coastal lagoon processes. Elsevier. стр. 1—3. ISBN 978-0-444-88258-5.
^ Aronson, R. B. (1993). „Hurricane effects on backreef echinoderms of the Caribbean”. Coral Reefs. 12 (3–4): 139—142. Bibcode:1993CorRe..12..139A. S2CID 879073. doi:10.1007/BF00334473.
^ Jia, Peng and Ming Li (2012). „Circulation dynamics and salt balance in a lagoonal estuary”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 117 (C01003): C01003. Bibcode:2012JGRC..117.1003J. doi:10.1029/2011JC007124 . Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.
^ Goodbred, S., Jr., P. Locicero, V. Bonvento, S. Kolbe, S. Holsinger. „History of the Great South Bay estuary:Evidence of a catastrophic origin” (PDF). State University of New York. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.
^ Boynton, W. R., J. D. Hagy, L. Murray, C. Stokes, W. M Kemp (јун 1996). „A Comparative Analysis of Eutrophication Patterns in a Temperate Coastal Lagoon” (PDF). Estuaries. 19 (2B): 408—421. JSTOR 1352459. S2CID 14978943. doi:10.2307/1352459. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.
^ „Total Maximum Daily Loads for the North and Central Indian River Lagoon and Banana river Lagoon, Florida” (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.
^ „Proposed Swimming Enclosure Net, Entrance Lagoon, Lake Illawarra” (PDF). Lake Illawarra Authority. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 28. 2. 2011. г. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.
^ Bird, Eric C. F. (2010). Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms. 1. Dordrecht: Springer. стр. 485. ISBN 978-1-4020-8638-0.
^ „Lagoon”. Oxford English Dictionary. I A-O (Compact изд.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1971. стр. 1560.

Литература

Војна енциклопедија, Београд, 1973, књига пета. стр. 1.
Anaerobic Lagoons (PDF) (Извештај). Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). септембар 2002. EPA 832-F-02-009.
Burkholder, JoAnn (2007). „Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality”. Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (2): 308—12. PMC 1817674 . PMID 17384784. doi:10.1289/ehp.8839.
Bittman, Mark. „Rethinking the Meat-Guzzler”. NY Times. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
„Pollution from Giant Livestock Farms Threatens Public Health”. New York, NY: Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
Pfost, Donald. „Anaerobic Lagoons for Storage/Treatment of Livestock Manure”. University Of Missouri. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
„Design, Operation and Regulation of Lagoons in Maine”. Lagoon systems in Maine. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
„Measurement of Leakage from Earthen Manure Structures in Iowa”. Приступљено 8. 8. 2014.
„Seal Formation Beneath Animal Waste Holding Ponds” (PDF). Приступљено 6. 8. 2014.
„Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet” (PDF). EPA. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 1. 4. 2012. г. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
„Design and Management of Anaerobic Lagoons in Iowa for Animal Manure Storage and Treatment” (PDF). Iowa State University Extension. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
Hribar, Carrie. „Understanding Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and Their Impact on Communities” (PDF). CDC. Приступљено 1. 11. 2011.
Marks, Robbin. „Cesspools of Shame” (PDF). NRDC. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
Schrum, Christine. „Hog Confinement Health Risks”. The Iowa Source. Архивирано из оригинала 2011-10-02. г. Приступљено 19. 10. 2011.
Tishmack, Jody. „Meeting the Challenges of Swine Manure Management”. Biocycle. Приступљено 1. 11. 2011.
„Environmental Impact of Animal Waste: Disposal of Animal Waste in Large-Scale Swine Production Examined”. Science Daily. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
Meisinger, J. J. „Ammonia Volitalization from Dairy and Poultry Manure” (PDF). NREAS. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
Harper, L.A. „Methane emissions from an anaerobic swine lagoon” (PDF). Journal of Atmospheric Environment. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 25. 4. 2012. г. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
„Manure Gas Dangers” (PDF). Farm Safety Association. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 25. 4. 2012. г. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
Vanotti. „Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions and Carbon Credits from Implementation of Aerobic Manure Treatment Systems in Swine Farms” (PDF). US Department of Agriculture. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 25. 4. 2012. г. Приступљено 2. 11. 2011.
„Facts About Pollution From Livestock Farms”. NRDC. Приступљено 9. 2. 2015.
Pollan, Michael (2006). Omnivores Dilemma. New York: Penguin.
Fleming, Ron. „Cryptosporidium in livestock, manure storages and surface waters in Ontario” (PDF). Ontario Federation of Agriculture. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 22. 5. 2012. г. Приступљено 3. 11. 2011.
„Hogging It!: Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock”. Union of Concerned Scientists. Архивирано из оригинала 3. 11. 2011. г. Приступљено 3. 11. 2011.
„Analysis of Swine Lagoons & Ground Water for Environmental Estrogens”. Environmental Protection Agency. Приступљено 19. 10. 2011.
„Hog Farming”. Duke University. Архивирано из оригинала 2013-09-21. г.
Kilborn, Peter. „Hurricane Reveals Flaws in Farm Law”. NY Times.

Спољашње везе

Медији везани за чланак Лагуна на Викимедијиној остави

Coastal lagoon.

[Davis-1] а ^б Davis, Richard A., Jr. (1994). The Evolving Coast. New York: Scientific American Library. стр. 101, 107. ISBN 9780716750420.

[2] *Allaby, Michael, ур. (1990). „Lagoon”. Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921194-4.

[Kusky-3] Kusky, Timothy, ур. (2005). „Lagoon”. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences. New York: Facts on File. стр. 245. ISBN 0-8160-4973-4.

[Nybakken-4] Nybakken, James W., ур. (2003). „Lagoon”. Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Marine Sciences. 2 G-O. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Academic Reference. стр. 189—90. ISBN 0-7172-5946-3.

[5] Reid, George K. (1961). Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. стр. 74. ASIN B003MRW6AK.

[6] Maurice L. Schwartz (2005). Encyclopedia of coastal science. Springer. стр. 263. ISBN 978-1-4020-1903-6. Приступљено 31. 3. 2012.

[7] Kjerfve, Björn (1994). „Coastal Lagoons”. Coastal lagoon processes. Elsevier. стр. 1—3. ISBN 978-0-444-88258-5.

[8] Aronson, R. B. (1993). „Hurricane effects on backreef echinoderms of the Caribbean”. Coral Reefs. 12 (3–4): 139—142. Bibcode:1993CorRe..12..139A. S2CID 879073. doi:10.1007/BF00334473.

[9] Jia, Peng and Ming Li (2012). „Circulation dynamics and salt balance in a lagoonal estuary”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 117 (C01003): C01003. Bibcode:2012JGRC..117.1003J. doi:10.1029/2011JC007124 . Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.

[10] Goodbred, S., Jr., P. Locicero, V. Bonvento, S. Kolbe, S. Holsinger. „History of the Great South Bay estuary:Evidence of a catastrophic origin” (PDF). State University of New York. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.

[11] Boynton, W. R., J. D. Hagy, L. Murray, C. Stokes, W. M Kemp (јун 1996). „A Comparative Analysis of Eutrophication Patterns in a Temperate Coastal Lagoon” (PDF). Estuaries. 19 (2B): 408—421. JSTOR 1352459. S2CID 14978943. doi:10.2307/1352459. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.

[12] „Total Maximum Daily Loads for the North and Central Indian River Lagoon and Banana river Lagoon, Florida” (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.

[13] „Proposed Swimming Enclosure Net, Entrance Lagoon, Lake Illawarra” (PDF). Lake Illawarra Authority. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 28. 2. 2011. г. Приступљено 24. 3. 2012.

[14] Bird, Eric C. F. (2010). Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms. 1. Dordrecht: Springer. стр. 485. ISBN 978-1-4020-8638-0.

[15] „Lagoon”. Oxford English Dictionary. I A-O (Compact изд.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1971. стр. 1560.

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@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{short description|Плитка водена маса одвојена од веће водене површине уским рељефом}}
 {{Друго значење 2}}
 [[Датотека:Lagoon-of-venice-landsat-1 Names.jpg|мини|десно|300п|[[Венеција]]нска лагуна]]
 '''Лагуна''' је залив одвојен од мора пешчаним наносима. Лагуна је плитко подручје слане или [[бочатна вода|бочатне воде]] уз [[Море|морску]] обалу које је у мањој или већој мјери затворено. Обично је одијељена од отвореног мора са ниским пјешчаним острвима (лидо) или [[корал|кораљним]] превлакама. Лагуне се обично налазе уз ниске пјешчане морске обале, посебно на ушћима [[река|ријека]] у море.
@@ Ред 6: / Ред 8: @@
 Познате су лагуне на обали [[Венецијански залив|Венецијанског залива]], [[Балтичко море|Балтичког мора]], [[Црно море|Црног мора]] и [[Мексички залив|Мексичког залива]].
+== Дефиниција ==
+{{рут}}
+[[Датотека:BalosLagoonCreta.jpg|thumb|250px| Balos coastal lagoon of northwestern [[Crete]]. The shallow lagoon is separated from the Mediterranean sea by narrow shoals connecting to a small, rocky mountain.]]
+[[Датотека:Kara-Bogaz Gol from space, September 1995.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Garabogazköl|Garabogaz-Göl]] lagoon in [[Turkmenistan]]]]
+===Lagoon vs. estuary===
+Lagoons are shallow, often elongated bodies of water separated from a larger body of water by a shallow or exposed [[shoal]], [[reef|coral reef]], or similar feature. Some authorities include [[fresh water]] bodies in the definition of "lagoon", while others explicitly restrict "lagoon" to bodies of water with some degree of [[salinity]]. The distinction between "lagoon" and "estuary" also varies between authorities. Richard A. Davis Jr. restricts "lagoon" to bodies of water with little or no fresh water inflow, and little or no [[Tide|tidal]] flow, and calls any [[bay]] that receives a regular flow of fresh water an "estuary". Davis does state that the terms "lagoon" and "estuary" are "often loosely applied, even in scientific literature".<ref name=Davis>{{cite book |last= Davis |first= Richard A., Jr. |title= The Evolving Coast |year= 1994 |publisher=Scientific American Library |location= New York |isbn= 9780716750420 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/evolvingcoast00davi/page/101 101, 107] |url= https://archive.org/details/evolvingcoast00davi/page/101 }}</ref> Timothy M. Kusky characterizes lagoons as normally being elongated parallel to the coast, while estuaries are usually drowned river valleys, elongated perpendicular to the coast.<ref name=Davis/><ref>*{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Allaby, Michael |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences |title=Lagoon |year=1990 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-921194-4 }}</ref><ref name=Kusky>{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Kusky, Timothy |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences |title=Lagoon |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofea0000kusk/page/245 |year=2005 |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |isbn=0-8160-4973-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofea0000kusk/page/245 245] }}</ref><ref name=Nybakken>{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Nybakken, James W. |encyclopedia=Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Marine Sciences |title=Lagoon |year=2003 |publisher=Grolier Academic Reference |volume=2 G-O |location=Danbury, Connecticut |isbn=0-7172-5946-3 |pages=189–90}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | author=Reid, George K.| title=Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries| url=https://archive.org/details/ecologyofinlandw0000reid_r5j1| url-access=registration| publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold Company|location=New York| year=1961|page=[https://archive.org/details/ecologyofinlandw0000reid_r5j1/page/74 74] |asin=B003MRW6AK}}</ref> Coastal lagoons are classified as inland bodies of water.<ref>{{cite book|page=263|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWnxpAxp6TMC|title=Encyclopedia of coastal science|author=Maurice L. Schwartz|publisher=Springer|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4020-1903-6|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|pages=1–3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MrwTtP0mLjUC|title=Coastal lagoon processes|first=Björn |last=Kjerfve |publisher=Elsevier|year=1994|isbn=978-0-444-88258-5|chapter=Coastal Lagoons}}</ref>
+===Coral reefs===
+When used within the context of a distinctive portion of coral reef ecosystems, the term "lagoon" is synonymous with the term "back reef" or "backreef", which is more commonly used by coral reef scientists to refer to the same area.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Aronson | first1 = R. B. | title = Hurricane effects on backreef echinoderms of the Caribbean | doi = 10.1007/BF00334473 | journal = Coral Reefs | volume = 12 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 139–142 | year = 1993 | bibcode = 1993CorRe..12..139A | s2cid = 879073 }}</ref>
+===Names===
+Many lagoons do not include "lagoon" in their common names. [[Currituck Sound|Currituck]], [[Albemarle Sound|Albemarle]] and [[Pamlico Sound|Pamlico]] sounds in [[North Carolina]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jia|first=Peng and Ming Li|title=Circulation dynamics and salt balance in a lagoonal estuary|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans|year=2012|volume=117|issue=C01003|pages=C01003|doi=10.1029/2011JC007124|bibcode=2012JGRC..117.1003J|url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2012/2011JC007124.shtml|access-date=24 March 2012|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Great South Bay]] between Long Island and the barrier beaches of [[Fire Island, New York|Fire Island]] in [[New York (state)|New York]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Goodbred|first=S., Jr., P. Locicero, V. Bonvento, S. Kolbe, S. Holsinger|title=History of the Great South Bay estuary:Evidence of a catastrophic origin|url=http://dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu/bitstream/handle/1951/48052/goodbred.pdf;jsessionid=92152E84183F75FD0A4D6181D902AEFE?sequence=1|publisher=State University of New York|access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref> [[Isle of Wight Bay]], which separates [[Ocean City, Maryland]] from the rest of [[Worcester County, Maryland]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Boynton|first=W. R., J. D. Hagy, L. Murray, C. Stokes, W. M Kemp|title=A Comparative Analysis of Eutrophication Patterns in a Temperate Coastal Lagoon|journal=Estuaries|date=June 1996|volume=19|issue=2B|pages=408–421|url=http://www.gonzo.cbl.umces.edu/documents/water_quality/Est19_408.pdf|access-date=24 March 2012|doi=10.2307/1352459|jstor=1352459|s2cid=14978943}}</ref> [[Banana River]] in [[Florida]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Total Maximum Daily Loads for the North and Central Indian River Lagoon and Banana river Lagoon, Florida|url=http://www.epa.gov/waters/tmdldocs/6Final_IRL_NutriDO_TMDLs0407.pdf|publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency|access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref> [[Lake Illawarra]] in [[New South Wales]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Proposed Swimming Enclosure Net, Entrance Lagoon, Lake Illawarra|url=http://www.lia.nsw.gov.au/pdf/studies/Enclosure_Net_REF.pdf|publisher=Lake Illawarra Authority|access-date=24 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228025307/http://www.lia.nsw.gov.au/pdf/studies/Enclosure_Net_REF.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2011}}</ref> [[Montrose Basin]] in [[Scotland]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Bird|first=Eric C. F.|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms| volume=1|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-1-4020-8638-0|page=485|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&q=montrose+basin+lagoon&pg=PA485}}</ref> and [[Broad Water]] in [[Wales]] have all been classified as lagoons, despite their names. In England, [[Chesil Beach#The Fleet Lagoon|The Fleet]] at Chesil Beach has also been described as a lagoon.
+In some languages the word for a lagoon is simply a type of lake: In Chinese a lake is ''hu'' (湖), a lagoon is ''xihu''. (潟湖)
+Contrariwise, several other languages have specific words for such bodies of water. In Spanish, coastal lagoons generically are ''laguna costera'', but those on the Mediterranean coast are specifically called ''albufera'' ([[:es:Albufera|es]]): In Russian and Ukrainian those on the [[Black Sea]] are ''[[Liman (landform)|liman]]'' (лиман), while the generic word is ''laguna'' (Лагуна). Similarly, in the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]], Danish has the specific ''Nor'' ([[:da:Nor|da]]), and German the specifics ''[[Bodden]]'' and ''Haff'' ([[:de:Haff|de]]), as well as generic terms derived from ''laguna''.
+In [[New Zealand]] the [[Māori language|Māori]] word ''[[hapua]]'' refers to a coastal lagoon formed at the mouth of a braided river where there is mixed sand and gravel beaches, while the word ''waituna'' is the more general term.
+== Етимологија ==
+Lagoon is derived from the [[Italian language|Italian]] ''laguna'', which refers to the waters around [[Venice]], the [[Lagoon of Venice]]. ''Laguna'' is attested in English by at least 1612, and had been [[Anglicisation|Anglicized]] to "lagune" by 1673. In 1697 [[William Dampier]] referred to a "Lagune or Lake of Salt water" on the coast of Mexico. Captain [[James Cook]] described an island "of Oval form with a Lagoon in the middle" in 1769.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary |title=Lagoon |edition=Compact |year=1971 |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=I A-O |location=Oxford, England |page=1560 }}</ref>
+== Атолске лагуне ==
+[[Atoll]] lagoons form as coral reefs grow upwards while the islands that the reefs surround subside, until eventually only the reefs remain above sea level. Unlike the lagoons that form shoreward of fringing reefs, atoll lagoons often contain some deep (>20 metre; 65') portions.
+== Слике ==
+{{gallery
+|title=Lagoon
+|width=250
+|height=200
+|lines=3
+|align=center
+|Датотека:Atafutrim.jpg|Satellite picture of the [[Atafu]] atoll in [[Tokelau]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]]
+|Датотека:Lagoa_dos_Patos_PIA03444_lrg.jpg|[[Lagoa dos Patos]], the largest lagoon in South America, in the [[States_of_Brazil|Brazilian state]] of [[Rio Grande do Sul]].
+|Датотека:Boraboraluft gerade.jpg|Aerial view of [[Bora Bora]] in [[French Polynesia]].
+|Датотека:Kivalina Alaska aerial view.jpg|Aerial view of [[Kivalina, Alaska]] from the northwest.
+|Датотека:Kiritimati-EO.jpg|Nearly half the area of [[Kiritimati]] is covered with lagoons, some freshwater and some seawater.
+|Датотека:Blue Lagoon,Nusa Lembongan-Bali.jpg|Nusa Lembongan Lagoon, [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]].
+|Датотека:LEFKADA Panorama1.jpg|Panoramic view of Lefkada City Lagoon, Lefkada Isl., [[Ionian Islands]] Prefecture, [[Greece]].
+|Датотека:KALOGRIA Panorama.jpg|Panoramic view of Prokopos Lagoon, [[Achaia]], Western Greece Prefecture, Greece.
+|Датотека:Island lagoon in Bacuit Bay, El Nido, Palawan, Philippines.jpg|Tropical lagoon in Bacuit Bay, Palawan, Philippines.
+|Датотека:Cartagena, Mar Menor, i Cap de Pals (foto satèl·lit).jpg|Photo of [[Mar Menor]] as seen from International Space Station.
+}}
+== Референце ==
+{{Reflist}}
 == Литература ==
+{{Refbegin|30em}}
 * [[Војна енциклопедија]], Београд, 1973, књига пета. стр. 1.
+* {{cite report |date=September 2002 |title=Anaerobic Lagoons |series=Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet |url=https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/alagoons.pdf |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |location=Washington, DC |id=EPA 832-F-02-009}}
+* {{Cite journal|last=Burkholder|first=JoAnn|title=Impacts of Waste from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Water Quality|pmc=1817674|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|pmid=17384784|doi=10.1289/ehp.8839|volume=115|year=2007|issue=2|pages=308–12}}
+* {{cite web|last=Bittman|first=Mark|title=Rethinking the Meat-Guzzler|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/weekinreview/27bittman.html?pagewanted=all|work=NY Times|accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web |title=Pollution from Giant Livestock Farms Threatens Public Health |url=http://www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/nspills.asp |publisher=Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) |location=New York, NY |accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web|last=Pfost|first=Donald|title=Anaerobic Lagoons for Storage/Treatment of Livestock Manure|url=http://extension.missouri.edu/p/EQ387|work=University Of Missouri|accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web|title=Design, Operation and Regulation of Lagoons in Maine|url=http://www.lagoonsonline.com/desopreg.htm|work=Lagoon systems in Maine|accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web|title=Measurement of Leakage from Earthen Manure Structures in Iowa|url=http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1263&context=abe_eng_pubs|accessdate=8 August 2014}}
+* {{cite web|title=Seal Formation Beneath Animal Waste Holding Ponds|url=https://sites.google.com/site/johnstyner/clay-liner-3.pdf?attredirects=0|accessdate=6 August 2014}}
+* {{cite web|title=Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet |url=http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/leeds/lagoons.pdf |work=EPA |accessdate=2 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401150347/http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/leeds/lagoons.pdf |archivedate=1 April 2012 }}
+* {{cite web|title=Design and Management of Anaerobic Lagoons in Iowa for Animal Manure Storage and Treatment|url=http://www.extension.iastate.edu/publications/pm1590.pdf|work=Iowa State University Extension|accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web|last=Hribar|first=Carrie|title=Understanding Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and Their Impact on Communities|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Docs/Understanding_CAFOs_NALBOH.pdf|work=CDC|accessdate=1 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web |last=Marks |first=Robbin |title=Cesspools of Shame |url=http://www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/cesspools/cesspools.pdf |publisher=NRDC |accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web |last=Schrum |first=Christine |title=Hog Confinement Health Risks |url=http://www.iowasource.com/health/CAFO_airqu_0805.html |work=The Iowa Source |accessdate=19 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002171925/http://www.iowasource.com/health/CAFO_airqu_0805.html |archive-date=2011-10-02 |url-status=dead }}
+* {{cite web|last=Tishmack|first=Jody|title=Meeting the Challenges of Swine Manure Management|url=http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2cd5ad3f-3c7a-441e-b8fc-0be7fd8ea929%40sessionmgr11&vid=2&hid=14|work=Biocycle|accessdate=1 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web|title=Environmental Impact of Animal Waste: Disposal of Animal Waste in Large-Scale Swine Production Examined|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110304173513.htm|work=Science Daily|accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web |last=Meisinger |first=J. J. |title=Ammonia Volitalization from Dairy and Poultry Manure |url=http://www.dairyn.cornell.edu/pages/20cropsoil/documents/MeisingerandJokela-NRAES130-2000.pdf |work=NREAS |accessdate=2 November 2011}}
+* {{cite web|last=Harper|first=L.A.|title=Methane emissions from an anaerobic swine lagoon|url=http://www.prairieswine.com/pdf/3154.pdf|work=Journal of Atmospheric Environment|accessdate=2 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132439/http://www.prairieswine.com/pdf/3154.pdf|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=dead}}
+* {{cite web |title=Manure Gas Dangers |url=http://www.farmsafety.ca/public/factsheets/manure_gas.pdf |work=Farm Safety Association |accessdate=2 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425130422/http://www.farmsafety.ca/public/factsheets/manure_gas.pdf |archivedate=25 April 2012 }}
+* {{cite web|last=Vanotti |title=Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions and Carbon Credits from Implementation of Aerobic Manure Treatment Systems in Swine Farms |url=http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/19217/1/IND44102468.pdf |publisher=US Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425091443/http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/19217/1/IND44102468.pdf |archivedate=25 April 2012 }}
+* {{cite web |title=Facts About Pollution From Livestock Farms |url=http://www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/ffarms.asp |publisher=NRDC |accessdate=9 February 2015}}
+* {{cite book|last=Pollan|first=Michael|title=Omnivores Dilemma|year=2006|publisher=Penguin|location=New York}}
+* {{cite web|last=Fleming |first=Ron |title=Cryptosporidium in livestock, manure storages and surface waters in Ontario |url=http://agrienvarchive.ca/download/fleming_efp.pdf |work=Ontario Federation of Agriculture |accessdate=3 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522065400/http://agrienvarchive.ca/download/fleming_efp.pdf |archivedate=22 May 2012 }}
+* {{cite web|title=Hogging It!: Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/impacts_industrial_agriculture/hogging-it-estimates-of.html |work=Union of Concerned Scientists |accessdate=3 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103021149/http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/impacts_industrial_agriculture/hogging-it-estimates-of.html |archivedate=3 November 2011 }}
+* {{cite web|title=Analysis of Swine Lagoons & Ground Water for Environmental Estrogens|url=http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/EDC/projects/edc_cafo.htm|work=Environmental Protection Agency|accessdate=19 October 2011}}
+* {{cite web|title=Hog Farming|url=https://web.duke.edu/mms190/hogfarming/|url-status=dead|publisher=Duke University|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055834/https://web.duke.edu/mms190/hogfarming/|archivedate=2013-09-21}}
+* {{cite web|last=Kilborn|first=Peter|title=Hurricane Reveals Flaws in Farm Law|url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/national/101799floyd-environment.html|publisher=NY Times}}
+{{Refend}}
 == Спољашње везе ==
 {{Commonscat-inline|Lagoons}}
+* [http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Coastal_lagoon Coastal lagoon].
-{{клица-географија}}
 {{Типови залива}}
 {{Типови језера}}
 {{нормативна контрола}}

п р у Типови језера
Тектонска	Реликтно Вулканско Урниско Метеоритско
Ерозивна	Глацијално Циркно Валовско Речно Проточно Мртваја Ходовско Крашко Периодско Термо Суфозионо Пећинско Еолско
Акумулативна	Глацијално Моренско Речно Проточно Приморско Лагуна Лиман Зоогено
Вештачка	Акумулационо Рибњак

Нормативна контрола
Државне	Француска BnF подаци Израел Сједињене Државе 2 Јапан
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика 2