Bodidarma

Bodidarma
Bodidarma, drvorez Jošitošija iz 1887.
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	483.
Mesto rođenja	Indija,
Datum smrti	540.
Mesto smrti	Shaolin Monastery,

Bodidarma (sanskrt: बोधिधर्म Bodhidharma; na kineskom: Ta Mo; oko 470 — 543.) je bio indijski budistički monah koji je, prema predanju, doneo č'an, meditativnu školu budizma, u Kinu. On je živeo tokom 5. ili 6. veka. Njemu se tradicionalno pripisuju zasluge za prenos budizma u Kinu i smatra se prvim kineskim butističkim patrijarhom. Prema kineskoj legendi, on je takođe započeo fizičku obuku monaha manastira Šaolin koja je dovela do stvaranja šaolinskog kungfua. U Japanu je poznat kao Daruma. Njegovo ime na sanskritu znači „darma buđenja (bodi)”.

Smatraju ga 28. direktnim indijskim potomkom Bude Gautame, a u koneskoj Čan školi smatra se za prvog patrijaha.

Malo je savremenih biografskih podataka o Bodidarmi sačuvano, a kasniji izveštaji postali su prepuni legendi i nepouzdanih detalja.

Život

Opisi njegovog života pretežno su legendarni. On je između 520. i 526. godine iz Indije došao u Kinu gde je postao prvi tsu (patrijarh, doslovno predak) čan škole. U Kini je Bodidarma predao učenje Huejkeju (486—593), koji je bio drugi kineski patrijarh. Čan učenje je tamo ubrzo uspostavilo izvanredan uticaj.

Danas naučnici uglavnom ne uzimaju naročito ozbiljno ovo predanje. Zapravo, istorijsku podlogu za č'an u Kini već su bili stvorili ljudi kao što su Seng-čao i Tao-šeng.

Učenje

Svoja učenja je zasnivao na Lankavatara sutri, a njegova poruka je sažeta u čuvenim stihovima:

Zasebno prenošenje izvan spisa,

Nezavisno od reči ili slova,

Neposredno upućivanje na um,

Uviđanje prirode i postizanje budastva.

Radovi koji se pripisuju Bodidarmi

• Two Entrances and Four Practices,《二入四行論》
• The Bloodstream sermon 《血脈論》
• Dharma Teaching of Pacifying the Mind 《安心法門》
• Treatise on Realizing the Nature 《悟性論》
• Bodhidharma Treatise《達摩論》
• Refuting Signs Treatise 《破相論》 (a.k.a. Contemplation of Mind Treatise《觀心論》)
• Two Types of Entrance 《二種入》 Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (10. oktobar 2021)

Vidi još

• Zen

Literatura

• Broughton, Jeffrey L. (1999), The Bodhidharma Anthology: The Earliest Records of Zen, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-21972-4 
• Buswell, Robert E., ur. (2004), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, 1, Macmillan, ISBN 0-02-865718-7 
• Chaline, Eric (2003), The Book of Zen: The Path to Inner Peace, Barron's Educational Series, ISBN 0-7641-5598-9 
• Chang, Chung-Yuan (1967), „Ch'an Buddhism: Logical and Illogical”, Philosophy East and West, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 17, No. 1/4, 17 (1/4): 37—49, JSTOR 1397043, doi:10.2307/1397043, Arhivirano iz originala 2011-05-24. g., Pristupljeno 2006-12-01 
• Cole, Alan (2009), Fathering Your Father: The Zen of Fabrication in Tang Buddhism, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-25485-5 
• Cook, Francis Dojun (2003), Transmitting the Light: Zen Master's Keizan's Denkoroku, Boston: Wisdom Publications 
• Diener, Michael S.; friends (1991), The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, Boston: Shambhala 
• Dumoulin, Heinrich (1993), „Early Chinese Zen Reexamined: A Supplement to Zen Buddhism: A History” (PDF), Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 20 (1): 31—53, ISSN 0304-1042, doi:10.18874/jjrs.20.1.1993.31-53 , Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2009-03-04. g. .
• Dumoulin, Heinrich; Heisig, James; Knitter, Paul F. (2005). Zen Buddhism: India and China. World Wisdom, Inc. ISBN 978-0-941532-89-1. 
• Edou, Jérôme (1996), Machig Labdrön and the Foundations of Chöd, Snow Lion Publications, ISBN 978-1-55939-039-2 
• Eitel, Ernest J.; Takakuwa, K. (1904), Hand-book of Chinese Buddhism: Being a Sanskrit-Chinese Dictionary with Vocabularies of Buddhist terms (Second izd.), Tokyo, Japan: Sanshusha, str. 33 
• Faure, Bernard (1986), „Bodhidharma as Textual and Religious Paradigm”, History of Religions, 25 (3): 187—198, S2CID 145809479, doi:10.1086/463039 
• Ferguson, Andrew (2000). Zen's Chinese Heritage: The Masters and their Teachings. Somerville: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-163-7. .
• Garfinkel, Perry (2006), Buddha or Bust, Harmony Books, ISBN 978-1-4000-8217-9 
• Goodman, Steven D.; Davidson, Ronald M. (1992), Tibetan Buddhism, SUNY Press 
• Haines, Bruce (1995), Karate's history and traditions, Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co., Inc, ISBN 0-8048-1947-5 
• Henning, Stanley (1994), „Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan” (PDF), Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii, 2 (3): 1—7, Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2011-02-23. g., Pristupljeno 2019-10-19 
• Henning, Stan; Green, Tom (2001), Folklore in the Martial Arts. In: Green, Thomas A., "Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia", Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO 
• Jorgensen, John (2000), „Bodhidharma”, Ur.: Johnston, William M., Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L, Taylor & Francis 
• Kambe, Tstuomu (2012), Bodhidharma. A collection of stories from Chinese literature (PDF), Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2015-11-06. g., Pristupljeno 2011-11-23 
• Kohn, Michael H., ur. (1991), The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, Boston: Shambhala .
• Lin, Boyuan (1996), Zhōngguó wǔshù shǐ 中國武術史, Taipei 臺北: Wǔzhōu chūbǎnshè 五洲出版社 
• Macmillan (publisher) (2003), Encyclopedia of Buddhism (Volume One), MacMillan 
• Maguire, Jack (2001), Essential Buddhism, New York: Pocket Books, ISBN 0-671-04188-6 
• McRae, John R. (2000), „The Antecedents of Encounter Dialogue in Chinese Ch'an Buddhism”, Ur.: Heine, Steven; Wright, Dale S., The Kōan: Texts and Contexts in Zen Buddhism, Oxford University Press .
• McRae, John (2003), Seeing Through Zen. Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism, The University Press Group Ltd, ISBN 978-0-520-23798-8 
• Acharya, Raghu (2017), Shanon, Sidharth, ur., Bodhidharma Retold - A Journey from Sailum to Shaolin, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120841529 
• Red Pine, ur. (1989), The Zen Teaching of Bodhidharma: A Bilingual Edition, New York: North Point Press, ISBN 0-86547-399-4 .
• Ryuchi, Matsuda 松田隆智 (1986), Zhōngguó wǔshù shǐlüè 中國武術史略 (na jeziku: kineski), Taipei 臺北: Danqing tushu 
• Shahar, Meir (2008), The Shaolin Monastery: history, religion, and the Chinese martial arts, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-3110-3 .
• Shaikh Awab, Zainal Abidin; Sutton, Nigel (2006), Silat Tua: The Malay Dance Of Life, Kuala Lumpur: Azlan Ghanie Sdn Bhd, ISBN 978-983-42328-0-1 
• Soothill, William Edward; Hodous, Lewis (1995), A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms (PDF), London: RoutledgeCurzon, Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 3. 3. 2014. g. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Sutton, Florin Giripescu (1991), Existence and Enlightenment in the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Study in the Ontology and Epistemology of the Yogācāra School of Mahāyāna Buddhism, Albany: State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-0172-3 .
• Suzuki, D.T., ur. (1932), The Lankavatara Sutra: A Mahayana Text .
• Suzuki, D.T. (1948), Manual of Zen Buddhism (PDF), Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 2011-07-21. g., Pristupljeno 2006-11-30 .
• Suzuki, D.T. (1949), Essays in Zen Buddhism, New York: Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-5118-3 
• Watts, Alan W. (1962), The Way of Zen, Great Britain: Pelican books, str. 106, ISBN 0-14-020547-0 
• Watts, Alan (1958), The Spirit of Zen, New York: Grove Press .
• Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations. ISBN 0-415-02537-0. 
• Wong, Kiew Kit (2001), The Art of Shaolin Kungfu, Tuttle Publishing, ISBN 0-8048-3439-3 
• Yampolski, Philip (2003), Chan. A Historical Sketch. In: Buddhist Spirituality. Later China, Korea, Japan and the Modern World; edited by Takeuchi Yoshinori, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 
• Zvelebil, Kamil V. (1987), „The Sound of the One Hand”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 107, No. 1, 107 (1): 125—126, JSTOR 602960, doi:10.2307/602960 .
• 金实秋. Sino-Japanese-Korean Statue Dictionary of Bodhidharma (中日韩达摩造像图典). 宗教文化出版社, 2007–07. ISBN 7-80123-888-5.
• Broughton, Jeffrey L. (1999), The Bodhidharma Anthology: The Earliest Records of Zen, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-21972-4 
• Red Pine, ur. (1989), The Zen Teaching of Bodhidharma: A Bilingual Edition, New York: North Point Press, ISBN 0-86547-399-4 
• McRae, John (2003), Seeing Through Zen. Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism, The University Press Group Ltd, ISBN 978-0-520-23798-8 

Spoljašnje veze

• Essence of Mahayana Practice By Bodhidharma, with annotations. Also known as "The Outline of Practice." translated by Chung Tai Translation Committee
• Bodhidharma