Šova period

Šova era je bio period japanske istorije koji je obuhvatao vladavinu cara Šove (poznatog na engleskom kao car Hirohito) od 25. decembra 1926. do njegove smrti 7. januara 1989. godine. Prethodila je taišo era, a sledila je hejsej era. Šova period pre 1945. i posleratni period su skoro potpuno različite države: šova era pre 1945. (1926–1945) odnosi se na Japansko carstvo, a post-1945 šova era (1945–1989) na državu Japan.

Pre 1945, Japan je prešao u politički totalitarizam, ultranacionalizam i statizam koji je kulminirao japanskom invazijom na Kinu 1937. godine, delom globalnog perioda društvenih prevrata i sukoba kao što su Velika depresija i Drugi svetski rat.

Poraz u Drugom svetskom ratu doneo je korenite promene u Japanu. Prvi i jedini put u svojoj istoriji, Japan je bio okupiran od strane stranih sila, okupacija koju su predvodili Amerikanci koja je trajala šest godina i osam meseci. Saveznička okupacija donela je sveobuhvatne demokratske reforme. To je dovelo do formalnog ukidanja statusa cara kao poluboga i transformacije Japana iz oblika mešovite ustavne i apsolutne monarhije u ustavnu monarhiju i parlamentarni sistem sa liberalnom demokratijom. Godine 1952, Ugovorom iz San Franciska, Japan je ponovo postao suverena država. Posleratni šova period karakteriše japansko ekonomsko čudo.

Šova era je bila duža od vladavine bilo kog prethodnog japanskog cara. Car Šova je bio i najdugovečniji i najduže vladajući istorijski japanski car, kao i najduže vladajući monarh na svetu u to vreme. Dana 7. januara 1989. godine, prestolonaslednik Akihito je nasledio hrizantemski tron nakon smrti svog oca, cara Šove, što je označilo početak hejsej ere. Cara Hirohita su služila ukupno 33 premijera, počevši od Vakacukija Reidžira do Noborua Takešite.

Literatura

Spoljašnji video-zapis

Booknotes interview with Herbert Bix on Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, September 2, 2001, C-SPAN

Booknotes interview with John Dower on Embracing Defeat, March 26, 2000, C-SPAN

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