Činua Ačebe

Činua Ačebe
Činua Ačebe 2008.
Lični podaci
Puno ime	Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe
Datum rođenja	16 novembar 1930(1930-11-16)
Mesto rođenja	Ogidi, Britanska Nigerija
Datum smrti	21. mart 2013.(2013-03-21) (82 god.)
Mesto smrti	Boston, Masačusets, SAD
Državljanstvo	Nigerija
Nacionalnost	Nigerija
Zanimanje	Pisac i učitelj
Književni rad
Najvažnija dela	'`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000000-QINU`' Afrička trilogija: —Things Fall Apart —No Longer at Ease —Arrow of God A Man of the People Anthills of the Savannah

Činua Ačebe, rođen kao Albert Chinualumogu Achebe (engl. Chinua Achebe, 16. novembar 1930 – 21. mart 2013) bio je nigerijski romanopisac, pesnik i kritičar. Najpoznatiji je po svom debitantskom romanu Things Fall Apart (1958), koji se smatra najčitanijom knjigom moderne afričke književnosti.

Odrastao je u hrišćanskoj porodici u Igbo selu Ogidi na jugu Nigerije, te se uspehom u školi izborio za univerzitetsku stipendiju. Postao je fasciniran svetskim religijama i tradicionalnim afričkim kulturama, i za vreme studija je počeo da piše. Nakon diplomiranja radio je za nigerijsku radio-televizijsku kuću Nigerian Broadcasting Service te se preselio u Lagos. Stekao je svetsku slavu romanom Things Fall Apart kasnih 1950-ih; sledili su romani No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (Човек из народа, 1966) i Anthills of the Savannah (1987). Ačebe je romane pisao na engleskom, i branio je svoju upotrebu tog jezika od onih koji su ga kao jezika kolonizatora smatrali neprimerenim afričkoj književnosti. Godine 1975. izazvao je kontroverzu predavanjem An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" u kome je pisca Džozefa Konrada optužio za rasizam.

Kada se oblast Bijafra godine 1967. otcepila od Nigerije, Ačebe je postao vatreni zagovornik nezavisnosti i ambasador nove države. Tada je u zapadnim državama molio za pomoć kako bi pomogao svom narodu napaćenom ratom i glađu. Nakon završetka rata i nigerijskog preuzimanja Bijafre, Ačebe se kraće vreme bavio lokalnom politikom, ali je od nje odustao zgađenjen elitizmom i korupcijom. Neko vreme je živeo u SAD, a godine 1990. se nakon što je paralizovan u saobraćajnoj nesreći, vratio u Nigeriju.

Ačebeovi romani se najviše bave tradicijama i običajima Igbo društva, efektima dolaska hrišćanstva, kao i sukobom različitih vrednosnih sistema za vreme i nakon kolonizacije. Stil mu se temelji na narodnim pričama Igboa i kombinuje standardno pripovedanje s poslovicama i govorima. Osim romana je pisao i novele, dečje knjige i eseje. Posle je predavao jezike i književnost na Bard koledžu u Anandejlu na Hadsonu u američkoj državi Njujork.

Spisak radova

Novele

• Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books. 1994 [1958]. ISBN 9780385474542. 
• No Longer at Ease. E.g. Penguin Books, 1994. 1960. ISBN 978-0385474559.
• Arrow of God. E.g. Penguin Books, 2016. 1964. ISBN 978-0385014809.
• A Man of the People. E.g. Penguin Books, 1989. 1966. ISBN 978-0385086165.
• Anthills of the Savannah. New York: Anchor Books, 1998. 1987. ISBN 978-0385260459.

Kratke priče

• Marriage Is a Private Affair (1952)
• Dead Men's Path (1953)
• The Sacrificial Egg and Other Stories (1953)
• Civil Peace (1971)
• -{Girls at War and Other Stories}. 1973. ISBN 9780385008525.
• -{African Short Stories}. 1985. ISBN 9780435905361.
• -{The Heinemann Book of Contemporary African Short Stories}. 1992. ISBN 9780435905668.
• -{The Voter}. ISBN 9781874932130.

Poezija

• -{Beware, Soul-Brother, and Other Poems}. 1971. ISBN 9780385016414.
• -{Don't Let Him Die: An Anthology of Memorial Poems for Christopher Okigbo}. 1978. ISBN 9789781560217.
• -{Another Africa}. 1998. ISBN 9780385490382.
• Achebe, Chinua (2004). Collected Poems. Penguin Publishing. ISBN 9781400076581. 
• Refugee Mother and Child
• Vultures

Eseji, kritike, politički komentari

• The Novelist as Teacher (1965)
• -{An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness"}. 1975. ISBN 9780141192581.
• Morning Yet on Creation Day}. 1975. ISBN 9780385017039.
• The Trouble With Nigeria. Reissued by Fourth Dimension Publishing Co., 2000. 1984. ISBN 9781561475.
• Hopes and Impediments}. 1988. -{ISBN 9780385414791.
• Home and Exile. Penguine Books (reprint) 2001. 2000. ISBN 978-0385721332.
• The Education of a British-Protected Child. Anchor Canada 2010. 2009. ISBN 978-0385667852.
• There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra}. 2012. -{ISBN 9781594204821.
• Africa's Tarnished Name}. 2018. -{ISBN 9780241338834.

Knjige za decu

• Chike and the River}. 1966. -{ISBN 9780307473868.
• How the Leopard Got His Claws}. 1972. -{ISBN 9780763648053.
• The Flute}. 1975. -{ISBN 9781943138487.
• The Drum}. 1978. -{ISBN 9789781560439.

Literatura

• Achebe, Chinua (1965). "English and the African Writer". Transition 18: 27–30. ISSN 0041-1191.
• Achebe, Chinua (1975). Morning Yet on Creation Day. London: Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-18026-3. .
• Achebe, Chinua (1989). Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24730-6. .
• Achebe, Chinua (1994). Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0-385-47454-2. .
• Agetua, John (ed.) (1977). Critics on Chinua Achebe, 1970–76. Benin City, Nigeria: Bendel Newspapers Corp.
• Azohu, Virginia "Culture and the Frontiers of Language". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5..
• Bestman, A. M. (2012). "Reading Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart through the Womanist lens: The imperative of the female principle". In C. Anyadike and K. A. Ayoola (eds), Blazing the Path: Fifty Years of Things Fall Apart (155–173). Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc.
• Bicknell, Catherine "Achebe's Women: Mothers, Priestesses, And Young Urban Professionals". In Ihekweazu, Edith, Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5..
• Booker, M. Keith; Gikandi, Simon (2003). The Chinua Achebe Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-3-8255-0021-4. .
• Clarke, Nana Ayebia, and James Currey (2014). Chinua Achebe: Tributes & Reflections. Banbury, Oxfordshire: Ayebia Clarke Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0956930767. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза).
• Corley, Í. (2009). "Conjecture, hypermasculinity, and disavowal in Things Fall Apart". Interventions, 11(2), 203–211.
• Döring, Tobias. Chinua Achebe und Joyce Cary. Ein postkoloniales Rewriting englischer Afrika-Fiktionen. Pfaffenweiler, Germany: Centaurus. 1996. -{ISBN 978-0-7618-1721-5. .
• Egar, Emmanuel Edame (2000). The Rhetorical Implications of Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart". Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-1721-5. .
• Egejuru, Phanuel "Orethory Okwu Oka: A Neglected Technique in Achebe's Literary Artistry". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5..
• Egejuru, Phanuel Akubueze (2001). Chinua Achebe: Pure and Simple, an Oral Biography. Stoke-on-Trent: Malthouse Press. ISBN 978-978-023-148-4. .
• Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert (2001). African Literature in Defence of History: An Essay on Chinua Achebe. Dakar: African Renaissance. ISBN 978-1-903625-10-1. .
• Emenyonu, Ernest N. "Chinua Achebe's. Things Fall Apart: A Classic Study in Colonial Diplomatic Tactlessness". In Petersen, Kirsten Holst, and Anna Rutherford (eds). Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Oxford, England: Dangaroo Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0. .
• Emenyonu, Ernest N. "Foreword: For Whom The Honour Is Due". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5..
• Emenyonu, Ernest N., ур. (2004). Emerging Perspectives on Chinua Achebe. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-876-7.  (v. 1). ISBN 978-0-86543-878-1. (v. 2).
• Ezenwa-Ohaeto (1997). Chinua Achebe: A Biography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33342-1. .
• Franklin, Ruth. "After Empire: Chinua Achebe and the Great African Novel". The New Yorker, 26 May 2008. Приступљено 7 December 2010.
• Gera, Anjali (2001). Three Great African Novelists. New Delhi: Creative Books. ISBN 978-81-86318-79-9. .
• Gikandi, Simon (1991). Reading Chinua Achebe: Language and Ideology in Fiction. London: James Currey. ISBN 978-0-85255-527-9. .
• „The 100 greatest non-fiction books”. The Guardian. 14. 6. 2011. Приступљено 22. 11. 2011. 
• Innes, Catherine Lynette (1990). Chinua Achebe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521356237. 
• Innes, C. L., and Bernth Lindfors, ур. (1978). Critical Perspectives on Chinua Achebe. Washington: Three Continents Press. ISBN 978-0-914478-45-4. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак уредника (веза).
• Jaya Lakshmi, Rao V. (2003). Culture and Anarchy in the Novels of Chinua Achebe. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot.
• Jeyifo, B. (1993). "Okonkwo and his mother: Things Fall Apart and issues of gender in the constitution of African postcolonial discourse". Callaloo, 16(4), 847–858.
• July, Robert W. An African Voice. Durham (NC). . Duke University Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-8223-0769-3. .
• Killam, G. D. (1977). The Writings of Chinua Achebe. London: Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-91665-7. .
• Laurence, Margaret (2001). Long Drums and Cannons: Nigerian Dramatists and Novelists, 1952–1966. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. ISBN 978-0-88864-332-2. .
• Lawtoo, Nidesh (2013). "A Picture of Africa: Frenzy, Counternarrative, Mimesis." Modern Fictions Studies 59.1 (2013):26–52.
• Lindfors, Bernth (1982). Early Nigerian Literature. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-8419-0740-9. .
• Mezu, Rose Ure (2006). Chinua Achebe: The Man and His Works. London: Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905068-21-0. .
• Naydenova, Natalia, Salihou Camara (2013). Littérature africaine et identité: un hommage à Chinua Achebe. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-01253-7. CS1 одржавање: Вишеструка имена: списак аутора (веза).
• Niven, Alistair "Chinua Achebe and the Possibility of Modern Tragedy". In Petersen, Kirsten Holst, and Anna Rutherford, eds. Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Oxford, England: Dangaroo Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0. .
• Njoku, Benedict Chiaka (1984). The Four Novels of Chinua Achebe: A Critical Study. New York: P. Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-0154-6. .
• Nnolim, Charles "The Artist in Search of The Right Leadership: Achebe As A Social Critic". In Ihekweazu, Edith. Eagle on Iroko: Selected Papers from the Chinua Achebe International Symposium, 1990. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) PLC. 1996. ISBN 978-978-129-379-5..
• Ogbaa, Kalu (1999). Understanding Things Fall Apart. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30294-7. .
• Ogede, Ode (2001). Achebe and the Politics of Representation: Form Against Itself, From Colonial Conquest and Occupation to Post-Independence Disillusionment. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-774-6. .
• Ojinmah, Umelo (1991). Chinua Achebe: New Perspectives. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited. ISBN 978-978-2461-16-2. .
• Okpewho, Isidore, ур. (2003). Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart": A Casebook. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514763-6. .
• Petersen, Kirsten Holst; Rutherford, Anna (1991). Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-08060-0. 
• Sallah, Tijan M.; Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2003). Chinua Achebe, Teacher of Light: A Biography. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press. ISBN 978-1-59221-031-2. .
• Shamim, Amna (2013). Colonial/Postcolonial Paradigms in Chinua Achebe's Novels (TFA & AOG). Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-659-35098-6. .
• Tredell, Nicolas Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness. New York. Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness. Columbia University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-231-11923-8. .
• Udumukwu, O. "Violence against Achebe's women: Onkonkwo and 'The Gun that Never Shot'". In Helen Chukwuma (ed.), Achebe's Women: Imagism and Power (201–221). . Trenton: Africa World Press. 2012. 
• Yankson, Kofi E. Chinua Achebe's Novels: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Uruowulu-Obosi, Nigeria. . Pacific Publishers. 1990. ISBN 978-978-2347-79-4. .
• Yousaf, Nahem (2003). Chinua Achebe. Tavistock: Northcote House in Association with the British Council. ISBN 978-0-7463-0885-1. .

Spoljašnje veze

• Chinua Achebe reads the first two chapters of Things Fall Apart at PEN American Center Event: Faith & Reason: Writers Speak, 2006
• "A Tribute to Chinua Achebe" from PEN American Center, 2008
• Chinua Achebe на сајту ISFDb (језик: енглески)
• "Chinua Achebe: The Spirit Lives". Tribute to Chinua Achebe by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Leeds African Studies Bulletin 75 (Winter 2013/14), pp. 51–53.
• Ed Pilkington, "A long way from home". Interview in The Guardian, 10 July 2007
• "Chinua Achebe, The Art of Fiction No. 139". Interview by Jerome Brooks in The Paris Review, 1994
• Guide to Chinua Achebe papers at Houghton Library, Harvard University
• FBI file on Chinua Achebe at the Internet Archive
• Chinua Achebe facts in Hindi
• Chinua Achebe на сајту LCCN, са 78 каталошких евиденција