Buka — разлика између измена

Садржај обрисан Садржај додат

Инлајн

Верзија на датум 30. мај 2023. у 13:17

Buka je svaki neželjen zvuk.^[1] Ova definicija proširuje se napomenom da podrazumeva i štetno delovanje zvuka na ljudski organizam.^[2]^[3] U zakonu definicija je nešto drugačija i glasi da buka u životnoj sredini jeste neželjen ili štetan zvuk.^[4] U Direktivi EU pod bukom se podrazumeva štetan zvuk samo kao zvuk u spoljašnjoj sredini koji je nastao usled ljudskih aktivnosti a koje se eksplicitno navode.^[5] Štetni efekti su negativni efekti na zdravlje ljudi.^[5] Pod ovim se po pravilu podrazumevaju jaki zvuci koji dovode do oštećenja organa sluha, povećanja krvnog pritiska i sl., nasuprot neželjenom zvuku koji se po pravilu odnosi na zvuke male jačine.

Acoustic noise is any sound in the acoustic domain, either deliberate (e.g., music or speech) or unintended. In contrast, noise in electronics may not be audible to the human ear and may require instruments for detection.^[6]

In audio engineering, noise can refer to the unwanted residual electronic noise signal that gives rise to acoustic noise heard as a hiss. This signal noise is commonly measured using A-weighting^[7] or ITU-R 468 weighting.^[8]

In experimental sciences, noise can refer to any random fluctuations of data that hinders perception of a signal.^[9]^[10]

Zvučna zaštita

Zvučna zaštita je skup mera kojim se obezbeđuje da zvuk (buka) pri prenosu od izvora do mesta prijema, odnosno, u objektu iz jednog u drugi prostor, bude oslabljen. Zvučna zaštita deli se na:

zvučnu zaštitu objekata (zgrade, objekti visokogradnje) i
zvučnu zaštitu u spoljašnjem prostoru.

Zvučna zaštita objekta se realizuje pogodnim projektovanim rešenjem i rasporedom prostorija odnosno izvođenjem zvučne izolacije konstrukcija i zaštitom od buke.

Zvučna zaštita u spoljašnjem prostoru obezbeđuje se prostornim i akustičkim planiranjem, urbanističkim rešenjem, zvučnim (akustičkim) barijerama i dr.

Zaštita od buke (drumskog) saobraćaja

Merodavna izolaciona moć barijere DL_R ^[11]

Merodavna izolaciona moć barijere predstavlja jednobrojnu vrednost zvučne izolacione moći koja je prethodno normalizovana spektrom drumskog saobraćaja. Zvučna izolaciona moć barijere po tercama R_i određuje se po standardnoj proceduri prema ISO 140-3 za tercne opsege od 100 Hz-5 kHz (18 opsega). Na osnovu ovako izmerenih vrednosti R_i, a prethodnom ponderizacijom normalizovanim spektrom buke drumskog saobraćaja izračunava se merodavna izolaciona moć barijere kao jednobrojna vrednost na osnovu relacije:

DL_{R}=-10\log \left|{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{18}10^{0,1L_{i}}10^{-0,1R_{i}}}{\sum _{i=1}^{18}10^{0,1L_{i}}}}\right|

.

Na osnovu ovako dobijenih merodavnih vrednosti određuje se kategorija izolacije barijere od vazdušnog zvuka prema tabeli 1:

Kategorija	DL_R [dB]
B0	Nije determinisano
B1	<15
B2	15 do 24
B3	15 do 24

Merodavna apsorpcija barijere ^[12]

Merodavna apsorpcija barijere predstavlja jednobrojnu vrednost koeficijentom zvučne apsorpcije koji je prethodno normalizovan spektrom drumskog saobraćaja. Koeficijent (zvučne) apsorpcije po tercama α_i određuje se po standardnoj proceduri prema ISO 354 za tercne opsege od 100 Hz-5 kHz (18 opsega). Na osnovu ovako izmerenih vrednosti α_Si, a prethodnom ponderizacijom normalizovanim spektrom buke drumskog saobraćaja izračunava se koeficijent apsorpcije barijere kao jednobrojna vrednost na osnovu relacije:

DL_{\alpha }=-10\log \left|1-{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{18}\alpha _{Si}10^{0,1L_{i}}}{\sum _{i=1}^{18}10^{0,1L_{i}}}}\right|

.

Na osnovu ovako dobijenih merodavnih vrednosti određuje se kategorija izolacije barijere od vazdušnog zvuka prema tabeli 2:

Kategorija	DL_α [dB]
A0	Nije determinisano
A1	<4
A2	4 do 7
A3	8 do 11
A4	>11

Normalizovani spektar saobraćajne buke

Za potrebe izračunavanja karakteristika barijere koristi se normalizovani spektar saobraćajne buke dat na sl.3. i u tabeli 3. Ovaj spektar u sebi sadrži A ponderizaciju.

f [Hz]	100	125	160	200	250	315	400	500	630	800	1 k	1,25 k	1,6 k	2 k	2,5 k	3,15 k	4 k	5 k
L_i [dB]	-20	-20	-18	-16	-15	-14	-13	-12	-11	-9	-8	-9	-10	-11	-13	-15	-16	-18

Primarna i sekundarna zvučna zaštita

Sama zvučna zaštita može da se klasifikuje u primarnu ili sekundarnu. Pod primarnom zaštitom podrazumevaju se mere koje se sprovode direktno na izvoru, a pod sekundarnim zaštitne mere koje se sprovode na putu prostiranja. Tako na primer primarna zaštita u saobraćaju obuhvata mere smanjenja nivoa izračene akustičke energije direktno sa motora i drugih agregata na vozilu, mere za prigušenje u izduvnom sistemu, mere na smanjenju aerodinamičkog generisanja akustičke energije, ali i mere na kontaktu pneumatik - kolovozni zastor. Ova poslednja pomenuta, ne ulazeći u moguću i drugačiju filozofiju razmatranja, može da bude svrstana i u grupu sekundarnih mera, ali obrađivači ovog članka ipak smatraju da je adekvatno grupisanje kako je to dato ovim tekstom. Primarna zaštita sistema za klimatizaciju podrazumeva mere koje se sprovode na samom izvoru kao npr. ventilatoru, kompresoru, čileru, motoru i dr. Tako npr. na nekom motoru konstruktivnim merama deluje se na kućište motora, na izbor materijala za osovinu i ležišta, njihovu obradu, tolerancije i sl. Pod sekundarnim merama zaštite od buke koja potiče od drumskog saobraćaja podrazumevaju se sve mere koje se preduzimaju na putu prostiranja zvučnih talasa od izvora do mesta imisije, tačnije čoveka kao osnovnog subjekta zaštite.

Sekundarne mere u okviru sistema za ventilaciju i klimatizaciju mogu da budu: ugradnja prigušivača buke u kanalskoj mreži, spoljašnja obrada kanala za ventilaciju, izbor materijala i debljine kanala, ukrućenja kanala i sl.

Aktivna i pasivna zaštita

Zvučna zaštita prema načinu delovanja može da se deli na aktivnu i pasivnu zaštitu. Aktivne mere zaštite, u prvom redu prema standardnoj akustičkoj klasifikaciji, podrazumevaju postupak koji se realizuje na sledeći način:

zvučna energija se sistemom mikrofona snima i prikuplja,
zatim složenim postupkom obrađuje u vremenskom i frekvencijskom domenu,
a zatim reemituje na takav način da u tačkama ili zonama imisije, usled efekta superpozicije sa primarno generisanom akustičkom energijom, dovodi do smanjivanja nivoa zvuka ili čak njegovog poništavanja.

Pasivne mere zaštite odnose se na slabljenje koje se realizuje na putu prenosa od izvora do mesta imisije. U prvom redu, kao mere zaštite od buke drumskog saobraćaja, ovde treba pomenuti fasadu i fasadne elemente (prozore, balkonska vrata i sl.) i zatim zvučne barijere.

Ove dve podele mera zaštite na primarne i sekundarne odnosno aktivne i pasivne često se u postojećim studijama procene uticaja na životnu sredinu koriste na pogrešan i neadekvatan način, pa su stoga u ovom članku eksplicitno iznesene definicije i objašnjenje kako ih treba primenjivati da bi isti pojmovi bili usaglašeni sa relevantnom regulativom, stručnom terminologijom i međunarodnim dokumentima.

Reference

^ SRPS U.J6.001:2000, Osnovni termini i definicije.
^ Elert, Glenn. „The Nature of Sound – The Physics Hypertextbook”. physics.info. Приступљено 2016-06-20.
^ „The Propagation of sound”. pages.jh.edu. Приступљено 2016-06-20.
^ „Zakon o zaštiti od buke u životnoj sredini“, Sl. glasnik RS 36, 2009.
^ ^а ^б DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, Official Journal of the European Communities L 189, 2002.
^ „What's The Difference Between Acoustical And Electrical Noise In Components?”. electronicdesign.com. 2012-10-03. Приступљено 2016-06-20.
^ Richard L. St. Pierre, Jr.; Daniel J. Maguire (јул 2004), The Impact of A-weighting Sound Pressure Level Measurements during the Evaluation of Noise Exposure (PDF), Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2022-10-09. г., Приступљено 2011-09-13
^ „RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS.468-4 – Measurement of audio-frequency noise voltage” (PDF). www.itu.int. International Telecommunication Union. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2022-10-09. г. Приступљено 18. 10. 2016.
^ „Definition of NOISE”. www.merriam-webster.com. Приступљено 2016-06-20.
^ „noise: definition of noise in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)”. www.oxforddictionaries.com. Архивирано из оригинала 14. 6. 2013. г. Приступљено 2016-06-20.
^ EN 1793-2, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance. Intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation.
^ EN 1793-1, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance. Intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption.

Literatura

Kosko, Bart (2006). Noise. Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-03495-6.
Urban, Felix (2016). Investigating sonic empowerment in urban cultures. Baden-Baden, Tectum. ISBN 978-3-8288-3683-9
Schwartz, Hillel (2011). Making Noise: From Babel to the Big Bang & Beyond. New York: Zone Books. ISBN 978-1-935408-12-3.
Alberti PW (фебруар 1992). „Noise induced hearing loss”. BMJ. 304 (6826): 522. PMC 1881413 . PMID 1559054. doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.522.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC (1996). Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss - A Practical Guide. Cincinnati: DHHS- 96-110. стр. iii.
Henderson D, Hamernik RP, Dosanjh DS, Mills JH (1976). Noise-induced hearing loss. New York: Raven. стр. 41—68.
„CDC - Engineering Noise Control - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic”. www.cdc.gov. 5. 2. 2018.
Saunders GH, Griest SE (2009). „Hearing loss in veterans and the need for hearing loss prevention programs”. Noise & Health. 11 (42): 14—21. PMID 19265249. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.45308 .
Carter L, Williams W, Black D, Bundy A (2014). „The leisure-noise dilemma: hearing loss or hearsay? What does the literature tell us?”. Ear and Hearing. 35 (5): 491—505. PMID 25144250. S2CID 5606442. doi:10.1097/01.aud.0000451498.92871.20.
Agius B. „Noise induced hearing loss”. Health, Work & Environment.
Phatak SA, Yoon YS, Gooler DM, Allen JB (новембар 2009). „Consonant recognition loss in hearing impaired listeners”. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 126 (5): 2683—94. Bibcode:2009ASAJ..126.2683P. PMC 2787079 . PMID 19894845. doi:10.1121/1.3238257.
Lowth, Mary (2013). „Hearing Problems”. Patient.
Münzel, Thomas; Kröller-Schön, Swenja; Oelze, Matthias; Gori, Tommaso; Schmidt, Frank P.; Steven, Sebastian; Hahad, Omar; Röösli, Martin; Wunderli, Jean-Marc; Daiber, Andreas; Sørensen, Mette (2020). „Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines”. Annual Review of Public Health. 41: 309—328. PMID 31922930. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400 .
Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M (фебруар 2018). „Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System”. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 71 (6): 688—697. PMID 29420965. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015 .
Kerns E, Masterson EA, Themann CL, Calvert GM (јун 2018). „Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations”. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 61 (6): 477—491. PMC 6897488 . PMID 29537072. doi:10.1002/ajim.22833.
Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (март 2000). „Noise exposure and public health”. Environmental Health Perspectives. 108 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 123—31. JSTOR 3454637. PMC 1637786 . PMID 10698728. doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123.
Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A (август 1990). „Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss”. Ear and Hearing. 11 (4): 257—63. PMID 2210099. doi:10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002.
Schmid RE (2007-02-18). „Aging nation faces growing hearing loss”. CBS News. Архивирано из оригинала 2007-11-15. г. Приступљено 2007-02-18.
„Noise: Health Effects and Controls” (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2007-09-25. г. Приступљено 2007-12-22.
Kerns, Ellen; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (2018). „Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations”. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (на језику: енглески). 61 (6): 477—491. PMC 6897488 . PMID 29537072. doi:10.1002/ajim.22833.
Kryter, Karl D. (1994). The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health. Boston: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-427455-6.
„10. Noise” (PDF). Natural Resources and the Environment 2006. 2006. стр. 188—189. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 14. 11. 2011. г.
Li, Ang; Martino, Erika; Mansour, Adelle; Bentley, Rebecca (2022). „Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study”. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 63 (2): e39—e48. PMID 35466022. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020.
„Noise in Europe 2014”. European Environment Agency.
Godwin, Richard (3. 7. 2018). „Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year”. The Guardian — преко www.theguardian.com.

Spoljašnje veze

[1] SRPS U.J6.001:2000, Osnovni termini i definicije.

[2] Elert, Glenn. „The Nature of Sound – The Physics Hypertextbook”. physics.info. Приступљено 2016-06-20.

[3] „The Propagation of sound”. pages.jh.edu. Приступљено 2016-06-20.

[4] „Zakon o zaštiti od buke u životnoj sredini“, Sl. glasnik RS 36, 2009.

[multiple-5] а ^б DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, Official Journal of the European Communities L 189, 2002.

[6] „What's The Difference Between Acoustical And Electrical Noise In Components?”. electronicdesign.com. 2012-10-03. Приступљено 2016-06-20.

[Pierre-7] Richard L. St. Pierre, Jr.; Daniel J. Maguire (јул 2004), The Impact of A-weighting Sound Pressure Level Measurements during the Evaluation of Noise Exposure (PDF), Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2022-10-09. г., Приступљено 2011-09-13

[itu-8] „RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS.468-4 – Measurement of audio-frequency noise voltage” (PDF). www.itu.int. International Telecommunication Union. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2022-10-09. г. Приступљено 18. 10. 2016.

[9] „Definition of NOISE”. www.merriam-webster.com. Приступљено 2016-06-20.

[10] „noise: definition of noise in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)”. www.oxforddictionaries.com. Архивирано из оригинала 14. 6. 2013. г. Приступљено 2016-06-20.

[11] EN 1793-2, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance. Intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation.

[12] EN 1793-1, Road traffic noise reducing devices - Test method for determining the acoustic performance. Intrinsic characteristics of sound absorption.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{Short description|Neželjeni zvuk}}{{rut}}
-'''Buka''' je svaki neželjen zvuk.<ref>[[SRPS]] U.J6.001:2000, Osnovni termini i definicije.</ref> Ova [[definicija]] proširuje se napomenom da podrazumeva i štetno delovanje [[zvuk]]a na ljudski [[organizam]]. U [[zakon]]u definicija je nešto drugačija i glasi da buka u životnoj sredini jeste neželjen ili štetan zvuk.<ref>„Zakon o zaštiti od buke u životnoj sredini“, Sl. glasnik RS 36, 2009.</ref> U Direktivi [[EU]] pod bukom se podrazumeva štetan zvuk samo kao zvuk u spoljašnjoj sredini koji je nastao usled [[čovek|ljudskih]] aktivnosti a koje se eksplicitno navode.<ref name="multiple"> DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, Official Journal of the European Communities L 189, 2002.</ref> Štetni efekti su negativni efekti na [[zdravlje]] ljudi.<ref name="multiple"/> Pod ovim se po pravilu podrazumevaju jaki zvuci koji dovode do oštećenja [[Орган (анатомија)|organa]] [[sluh]]a, povećanja [[krv]]nog [[pritisak|pritiska]] i sl., nasuprot neželjenom zvuku koji se po pravilu odnosi na zvuke male jačine.
+[[File:Noise Research Program on Hangar Apron - GPN-2000-001457.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[NASA]] researchers at [[Glenn Research Center]] measuring [[aircraft engine]] noise in 1967]]
+'''Buka''' je svaki neželjen zvuk.<ref>[[SRPS]] U.J6.001:2000, Osnovni termini i definicije.</ref> Ova [[definicija]] proširuje se napomenom da podrazumeva i štetno delovanje [[zvuk]]a na ljudski [[organizam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://physics.info/sound/|title=The Nature of Sound – The Physics Hypertextbook|last=Elert|first=Glenn|website=physics.info|access-date=2016-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pages.jh.edu/~virtlab/ray/acoustic.htm|title=The Propagation of sound|website=pages.jh.edu|access-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> U [[zakon]]u definicija je nešto drugačija i glasi da buka u životnoj sredini jeste neželjen ili štetan zvuk.<ref>„Zakon o zaštiti od buke u životnoj sredini“, Sl. glasnik RS 36, 2009.</ref> U Direktivi [[EU]] pod bukom se podrazumeva štetan zvuk samo kao zvuk u spoljašnjoj sredini koji je nastao usled [[čovek|ljudskih]] aktivnosti a koje se eksplicitno navode.<ref name="multiple"> DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, Official Journal of the European Communities L 189, 2002.</ref> Štetni efekti su negativni efekti na [[zdravlje]] ljudi.<ref name="multiple"/> Pod ovim se po pravilu podrazumevaju jaki zvuci koji dovode do oštećenja [[Орган (анатомија)|organa]] [[sluh]]a, povećanja [[krv]]nog [[pritisak|pritiska]] i sl., nasuprot neželjenom zvuku koji se po pravilu odnosi na zvuke male jačine.
+''Acoustic noise'' is any sound in the acoustic domain, either deliberate (e.g., music or speech) or unintended. In contrast, [[Noise (electronics)|noise in electronics]] may not be audible to the human ear and may require instruments for detection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://electronicdesign.com/electromechanical/what-s-difference-between-acoustical-and-electrical-noise-components|title=What's The Difference Between Acoustical And Electrical Noise In Components?|website=electronicdesign.com|access-date=2016-06-20|date=2012-10-03}}</ref>
+In [[audio engineering]], noise can refer to the unwanted residual electronic noise signal that gives rise to acoustic noise heard as a [[Hiss (electromagnetic)|hiss]]. This signal noise is commonly measured using [[A-weighting]]<ref name=Pierre>{{citation |url= http://storeycountywindfarms.org/ref3_Impact_Sound_Pressure.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://storeycountywindfarms.org/ref3_Impact_Sound_Pressure.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |author1=Richard L. St. Pierre, Jr.  |author2=Daniel J. Maguire |title=The Impact of A-weighting Sound Pressure Level Measurements during the Evaluation of Noise Exposure |date=July 2004 |access-date=2011-09-13}}</ref> or [[ITU-R 468 noise weighting|ITU-R 468 weighting]].<ref name="itu">{{cite web|title=RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS.468-4 – Measurement of audio-frequency noise voltage|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-BS.468-4-198607-I!!PDF-E.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-BS.468-4-198607-I!!PDF-E.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|website=www.itu.int|publisher=[[International Telecommunication Union]]|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref>
+In [[experimental science]]s, noise can refer to any random fluctuations of data that hinders perception of a signal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/noise|title=Definition of NOISE|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=2016-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/noise|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614003024/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/noise|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 14, 2013|title=noise: definition of noise in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)|website=www.oxforddictionaries.com|access-date=2016-06-20}}</ref>
 === Zvučna zaštita ===
@@ Ред 121: / Ред 130: @@
 Ove dve podele mera zaštite na primarne i sekundarne odnosno aktivne i pasivne često se u postojećim studijama procene uticaja na [[životna sredina|životnu sredinu]] koriste na pogrešan i neadekvatan način, pa su stoga u ovom članku eksplicitno iznesene definicije i objašnjenje kako ih treba primenjivati da bi isti pojmovi bili usaglašeni sa relevantnom regulativom, stručnom terminologijom i međunarodnim dokumentima.<br/>
+== Reference ==
+{{reflist|}}
 == Literatura ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{refbegin|30em}}
+* {{cite book | title = Noise | publisher = Viking Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-670-03495-6 | last = Kosko, Bart | author-link = Bart Kosko | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/noise00kosk }}
+* Urban, Felix (2016). ''Investigating sonic empowerment in urban cultures.'' Baden-Baden, Tectum. {{ISBN|978-3-8288-3683-9}}
+* {{cite book | title=Making Noise: From Babel to the Big Bang & Beyond | author=Schwartz, Hillel | author-link=Hillel Schwartz (historian)| publisher=Zone Books | location=New York | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-935408-12-3 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Alberti PW | title = Noise induced hearing loss | journal = BMJ | volume = 304 | issue = 6826 | pages = 522 | date = February 1992 | pmid = 1559054 | pmc = 1881413 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.304.6826.522 }}
+* {{Cite book|title=Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss - A Practical Guide | author = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC |publisher=DHHS- 96-110|year=1996|location=Cincinnati|pages=iii}}
+* {{Cite book|title=Noise-induced hearing loss|vauthors = Henderson D, Hamernik RP, Dosanjh DS, Mills JH|publisher=Raven|year=1976|location=New York|pages=41–68}}
+* {{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noisecontrol/|title=CDC - Engineering Noise Control - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic|date=5 February 2018|website=www.cdc.gov}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Saunders GH, Griest SE | title = Hearing loss in veterans and the need for hearing loss prevention programs | journal = Noise & Health | volume = 11 | issue = 42 | pages = 14–21 | date = 2009 | pmid = 19265249 | doi = 10.4103/1463-1741.45308 | doi-access = free }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Carter L, Williams W, Black D, Bundy A | title = The leisure-noise dilemma: hearing loss or hearsay? What does the literature tell us? | journal = Ear and Hearing | volume = 35 | issue = 5 | pages = 491–505 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25144250 | doi = 10.1097/01.aud.0000451498.92871.20 | s2cid = 5606442 | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/f902b97934bb1c0c9dcfd7f42bba512560ff2451 }}
+* {{cite journal| vauthors = Agius B |title=Noise induced hearing loss |journal=Health, Work & Environment|url=http://www.agius.com/hew/resource/nihl.htm }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Phatak SA, Yoon YS, Gooler DM, Allen JB | title = Consonant recognition loss in hearing impaired listeners | journal = The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume = 126 | issue = 5 | pages = 2683–94 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 19894845 | pmc = 2787079 | doi = 10.1121/1.3238257 | bibcode = 2009ASAJ..126.2683P }}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Lowth|first1=Mary |title=Hearing Problems|journal=Patient|date=2013|url=http://patient.info/health/hearing-problems}}
+* {{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400|title=Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines|year=2020|last1=Münzel|first1=Thomas|last2=Kröller-Schön|first2=Swenja|last3=Oelze|first3=Matthias|last4=Gori|first4=Tommaso|last5=Schmidt|first5=Frank P.|last6=Steven|first6=Sebastian|last7=Hahad|first7=Omar|last8=Röösli|first8=Martin|last9=Wunderli|first9=Jean-Marc|last10=Daiber|first10=Andreas|last11=Sørensen|first11=Mette|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=41|pages=309–328|pmid=31922930|doi-access=free}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Münzel T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Herzog J, Daiber A, Sørensen M | title = Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System | journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 688–697 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29420965 | doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.015 | doi-access = free }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kerns E, Masterson EA, Themann CL, Calvert GM | title = Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations | journal = American Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 61 | issue = 6 | pages = 477–491 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29537072 | pmc = 6897488 | doi = 10.1002/ajim.22833 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF | title = Noise exposure and public health | journal = Environmental Health Perspectives | volume = 108 Suppl 1 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 123–31 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10698728 | pmc = 1637786 | doi = 10.1289/ehp.00108s1123 | jstor = 3454637 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenhall U, Pedersen K, Svanborg A | title = Presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss | journal = Ear and Hearing | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 257–63 | date = August 1990 | pmid = 2210099 | doi = 10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002 }}
+* {{cite web | url  = http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml | vauthors = Schmid RE | title=Aging nation faces growing hearing loss | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date = 2007-02-18 | access-date=2007-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115131020/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/18/ap/health/mainD8NC00AO0.shtml |archive-date=2007-11-15}}
+* {{cite web | url = http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf | title = Noise: Health Effects and Controls | publisher =  [[University of California, Berkeley]] | access-date = 2007-12-22 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070925221754/http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp/graphics/pdf/hw24en08.pdf |archive-date = 2007-09-25}}
+* {{Cite journal|last1=Kerns|first1=Ellen|last2=Masterson|first2=Elizabeth A.|last3=Themann|first3=Christa L.|last4=Calvert|first4=Geoffrey M.|date=2018|title=Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within US industries and occupations|journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine|language=en|volume=61|issue=6|pages=477–491|doi=10.1002/ajim.22833|pmc=6897488|pmid=29537072}}
+* {{cite book | last = Kryter | first = Karl D. | title = The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise: physiology, psychology, and public health |publisher=Academic Press |location=Boston |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-12-427455-6 }}
+* {{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf|pages=188–189|title=10. Noise |series=Natural Resources and the Environment 2006|year=2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114043606/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/01/sa_nrm/arkiv/nrm2006/kap10-noise.pdf|archive-date= November 14, 2011}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Ang |last2=Martino |first2=Erika |last3=Mansour |first3=Adelle |last4=Bentley |first4=Rebecca |title=Environmental Noise Exposure and Mental Health: Evidence From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study |journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine |year=2022 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=e39–e48 |doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.020|pmid=35466022|s2cid= }}
+* {{cite web|url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014|title=Noise in Europe 2014|website=European Environment Agency}}
+* {{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jul/03/sonic-doom-noise-pollution-kills-heart-disease-diabetes |title= Sonic doom: how noise pollution kills thousands each year |first=Richard |last=Godwin |date=3 July 2018 |via=www.theguardian.com |newspaper=The Guardian }}
+{{refend}}
+== Spoljašnje veze ==
 {{commonscat|Buka}}
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031127195212/http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html Guidelines for Community Noise, World Health Organization, 1999]
+* [http://www.lindos.co.uk/cgi-bin/FlexiData.cgi?SOURCE=Articles Audio Measuring Articles – Electronics]
+* [http://www.ieee.li/pdf/viewgraphs_mohr_noise.pdf Mohr on Receiver Noise: Characterization, Insights & Surprises]
+* [http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-noise.htm Noise voltage – Calculation and Measuring of Thermal Noise]
+* [http://osha.europa.eu/topics/noise Noise at work] European Agency for Safety and Health at Work ([[EU-OSHA]])
+* [http://maperc.ucdenver.edu/ Mountain & Plains ERC: A NIOSH Education and Research Center for Occupational & Environmental Health & Safety]
+* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/ US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health], – Noise
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061209222533/http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/noise/research/climate/nannexb.htm European noise laws]
+* [http://www.nonoise.org/ Noise Pollution Clearing House]
+* [http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en/campaigns/single_topic.cfm?Component=253572&ComponentTemplate=186312 Introduction to the fundamentals of acoustic engineering]
 {{нормативна контрола}}

Нормативна контрола
Државне	Француска BnF подаци Немачка Јапан Чешка
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика