Ajzaja Berlin

Ajzaja Berlin
Ajzaja Berlin 1983. godine
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	(1909-06-05)5. jun 1909.
Mesto rođenja	Riga, Ruska Imperija
Datum smrti	5. novembar 1997.(1997-11-05) (88 god.)
Mesto smrti	Oksford, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo
Obrazovanje	Koledž Korpus Kristi, St Pols škola
Filozofski rad
Škola filozofije	Analitički liberalizam
Uticaji od	Robin Džordž Kolingvud Remon Aron Benžamen Konstan Čarls Darvin Deni Didro

Ajzaja Berlin (u nekim tekstovima na srpskom Isaija, engl. Isaiah Berlin, IPA: aɪˈzaɪə, 6. jun 1909 — 5. novembar 1997), britanski istoričar ideja i filozof. Rođen je u Rigi u Letoniji a u Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo je došao 1921. Razvio je teoriju o obliku liberalnog kapitalizma koji se zasniva na njegovoj životnoj posvećenosti empiricizma i uticaju ideja mislilaca koji se suprostavljaju prosvetiteljstvu uključujući Vikoa (1668 — 1774), Herdera i Aleksandra Hercena (1812 — 1870). Osnov Berlinove filozofije je verovanje u moralni pluralizam odnosno uverenje da je sukob vrednosti sastavni deo ljudskih života. U svom najpoznatijem delu Četiri ogleda o slobodi (1958) vrednosti negativne slobode stavljao je iznad pozitivne slobode. Berlinova dela predstavljaju odbranu zapadnog liberalizma od totalitarizma.

Rođen u Rigi (sada glavni grad Letonije, tada deo Ruskog carstva) 1909. godine, preselio se u Petrograd, Rusija, sa šest godina, gde je bio svedok revolucija 1917. Godine 1921, njegova porodica se preselila u Veliku Britaniju, i školovao se u školi St Pauls, London i Korpus Hristi koledžu u Oksfordu. Godine 1932, u uzrastu od dvadeset tri godine, Berlin je izabran za nagradnu stipendiju na Ol Souls koledžu u Oksfordu. Pored sopstvenog plodnog rada, prevodio je dela Ivana Turgenjeva sa ruskog na engleski, a tokom Drugog svetskog rata radio je za Britansku diplomatsku službu. Od 1957. do 1967. bio je Čičelski profesor društvene i političke teorije na Univerzitetu u Oksfordu. Bio je predsednik Aristotelovskog društva od 1963. do 1964. Godine 1966. odigrao je ključnu ulogu u stvaranju Volfson koledža u Oksfordu i postao njegov osnivački predsednik. Berlin je imenovan za CBE 1946. godine, proglašen je vitezom 1957. i dodeljen mu je Orden za zasluge 1971. On je bio predsednik Britanske akademije od 1974. do 1978. Takođe je dobio nagradu Jerusalima 1979. za svoju doživotnu odbranu građanskih sloboda, i 25. novembra 1994. dobio je počasni stepen doktora prava na Univerzitetu u Torontu, za koju je priliku pripremio „kratki kredo” (kako ga je nazvao u pismu prijatelju), sada poznat kao „Poruka za Dvadeset prvi vek“, da se pročita u njegovo ime na svečanosti.

Objavljeni radovi

Osim Nedovršenog dijaloga, sve knjige/izdanja navedena od 1978. nadalje uređivao je (ili, gde je navedeno, zajedno uređivao) Henri Hardi, a sve osim Karla Marksa su kompilacije ili transkripti predavanja, eseja i pisama. Dati detalji se odnose na prvo i najnovije izdanje u Velikoj Britaniji i aktuelno izdanje u SAD. Većina naslova je dostupna i kao e-knjige. Dvanaest naslova označenih sa '+' dostupno je na američkom tržištu u revidiranim izdanjima Prinston Universiti Presa, sa dodatnim materijalom iz Berlina i (osim u slučaju Karla Marksa) novim predgovorima savremenih autora; 5. izdanje Karla Marksa je takođe dostupno u Velikoj Britaniji.

• +Karl Marx: His Life and Environment, Thornton Butterworth, 1939. 5th ed., Karl Marx, 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691156507.
• The Age of Enlightenment: The Eighteenth-Century Philosophers, New American Library, 1956. Out of print. Second edition (2017) available online only.
• +The Hedgehog and the Fox: An Essay on Tolstoy's View of History, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1953. 2nd ed., 2014, Phoenix. ISBN 978-1780228433. 2nd US ed., Princeton University Press, (2013) ISBN 978-1400846634.
• Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford University Press, 1969. Superseded by Liberty.
• Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas, Chatto and Windus, 1976. Superseded by Three Critics of the Enlightenment.
• Russian Thinkers (edited by Henry Hardy and Aileen Kelly), Hogarth Press, 1978. 2nd ed. (revised by Henry Hardy), Penguin, (2008) ISBN 978-0141442204.
• +Concepts and Categories: Philosophical Essays, Hogarth Press, 1978. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712665520. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157498.
• +Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, Hogarth Press, 1979. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712666909. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press.
• +Personal Impressions, Hogarth Press, 1980. 2nd ed., Pimlico, (1998) ISBN 978-0712666015. 3rd ed., 2014, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157702.
• +The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas, John Murray, 1990. 2nd ed., Pimlico, (2013) ISBN 978-1845952082. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691155937.
• The Magus of the North: J. G. Hamann and the Origins of Modern Irrationalism, John Murray, 1993. Superseded by Three Critics of the Enlightenment.
• +The Sense of Reality: Studies in Ideas and their History, Chatto & Windus, 1996. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712673679. 2nd ed., 2019, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691182872.
• The Proper Study of Mankind: An Anthology of Essays (edited by Henry Hardy and Roger Hausheer) [a one-volume selection from the whole of Berlin's work], Chatto & Windus, 1997. 2nd ed., Vintage, (2013) ISBN 978-0099582762.
• +The Roots of Romanticism (lectures delivered in 1965), Chatto & Windus, 1999. [imlico. ISBN 978-0712665445. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691156200.
• +Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder, Pimlico, 2000. 2nd ed., (2013) ISBN 978-1845952136. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157658.
• +The Power of Ideas, Chatto & Windus, 2000. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712665544. 2nd ed., 2013, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691157603.
• +Freedom and Its Betrayal: Six Enemies of Human Liberty (lectures delivered in 1952), Chatto & Windus, 2002. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712668422. 2nd ed., 2014, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691114996.
• Liberty [revised and expanded edition of Four Essays on Liberty], Oxford University Press, (2002) ISBN 978-0199249893.
• The Soviet Mind: Russian Culture under Communism, Brookings Institution Press, (2004) ISBN 978-0815721550. 2nd ed., Brookings Classics, (2016) ISBN 978-0815728870.
• Flourishing: Letters 1928–1946, Chatto & Windus, 2004. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712635653.
• +Political Ideas in the Romantic Age: Their Rise and Influence on Modern Thought (1952), Chatto & Windus, (2006) ISBN 0701179090. Pimlico, ISBN 978-1844139262. 2nd ed., 2014, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691126951.
• (with Beata Polanowska-Sygulska) Unfinished Dialogue, Prometheus, (2006) ISBN 978-1591023760.
• Enlightening: Letters 1946–1960 (edited by Henry Hardy and Jennifer Holmes), Chatto & Windus, (2009) ISBN 978-0701178895. Pimlico, ISBN 978-1844138340.
• Building: Letters 1960–1975 (edited by Henry Hardy and Mark Pottle), Chatto & Windus, (2013) ISBN 978-0701185763.
• Affirming: Letters 1975–1997 (edited by Henry Hardy and Mark Pottle), Chatto & Windus, (2015) ISBN 978-1784740085.

Literatura

• Ignatieff, Michael (1998). Isaiah Berlin: A Life. New York: Metropolitan. ISBN 0805063005. OCLC 42666274.  Authorised biography.
• Baum, Bruce and Robert Nichols, eds. Isaiah Berlin and the Politics of Freedom: 'Two Concepts of Liberty' 50 Years Later, (Routledge, 2013).
• Benhabib, Seyla. Exile, Statelessness, and Migration: Playing Chess with History from Hannah Arendt to Isaiah Berlin (Princeton University Press, 2018)
• Blattberg, Charles (2000). From Pluralist to Patriotic Politics: Putting Practice First. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198296886.  A critique of Berlin's value pluralism. Blattberg has also criticised Berlin for taking politics "too seriously."
• Brockliss, Laurence and Ritchie Robertson (eds.), Isaiah Berlin and the Enlightenment, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
• Caute, David, Isaac and Isaiah: The Covert Punishment of a Cold War Heretic (Yale University Press, 2013)
• Cherniss, Joshua, and Steven Smith, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Isaiah Berlin (Cambridge University Press, 2018). excerpt
• Crowder, George (2004). Isaiah Berlin: Liberty and Pluralism. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 0745624766. 
• Crowder, George. The Problem of Value Pluralism: Isaiah Berlin and Beyond (Routledge, 2019)
• Dubnov, Arie M. Isaiah Berlin: The Journey of a Jewish Liberal (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
• Galipeau, Claude (1994). Isaiah Berlin's Liberalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198278683. 
• Gray, John. Isaiah Berlin: An Interpretation of His Thought, (Princeton University Press, 1996). ISBN 069104824X.
• Hardy, Henry, ed. The Book of Isaiah: Personal Impressions of Isaiah Berlin Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (1. avgust 2009) (The Boydell Press, 2009).
• Ignatieff, Michael. Isaiah Berlin: A Life (Chatto and Windus, 1998)
• Lyons, Johnny. The Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020). excerpt
• Müller, Jan-Werner, ed. Isaiah Berlin’s Cold War Liberalism (Springer, 2019).
• Walicki, Andrzej. Encounters with Isaiah Berlin: Story of an Intellectual Friendship (Peter Lang, 2011).
• Sir Isaiah Berlin – May He Rest in Peace.
• A tribute to Isaiah Berlin & A conversation with Isaiah Berlin on The Philosopher's Zone, ABC, 6 & 13 June 2009.
• Isaiah Berlin and the history of ideas.
• The Isaiah Berlin Virtual Library, Wolfson College, Oxford.
• A podcast interview with Henry Hardy on Berlin's pluralism.
• A recording of the last of Berlin's Mellon Lectures, Wolfson College, Oxford.
• Biographical information on Sir Isaiah Berlin.
• A section from the last essay written by Isaiah Berlin, The New York Review of Books, Vol. XLV, Number 8 (1998).
• Ned O'Gorman, 'My dinners with Isaiah: the music of a philosopher's life – Sir Isaiah Berlin' – includes related article on Isaiah Berlin's commitment to ideals of genuine understanding over intellectual mastery, Commonweal, 14 August 1998.
• Tribute from the Chief Rabbi at his funeral.
• Anecdote from Wolfson College's tribute page.
• Hywel Williams: An English liberal stooge.
• Letter to Berlin from Tony Blair, 23 October 1997.
• Assaf Inbari, "The Spectacles of Isaiah Berlin", Azure (Spring 2006).
• Obituary by Henry Hardy.
• Joshua Cherniss, 'Isaiah Berlin: A Defence', in the Oxonian Review
• Joshua Cherniss, 'Freedom and Philosophers', review of Freedom and its Betrayal in the Oxonian Review
• Isaiah Berlin, Beyond the Wit, Evan R. Goldstein.
• Berlin archive and author page from The New York Review of Books.

Spoljašnje veze

• Website and bibliography of Isaiah Berlin's writings
• Full text of Concepts and Categories Arhivirano 19 maj 2016 na sajtu Wayback Machine
• Entry on Isaiah Berlin in the International Encyclopedia of Ethics
• Cherniss, Joshua; Hardy, Henry. „Isaiah Berlin”. Ur.: Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 
• Bibliography at Wolfson College
• Bragg, Melvyn, „War in the 20th Century”, In Our Time, BBC Radio Four , including a discussion with Michael Ignatieff, biographer, of the ideas of Berlin, a year after the latter's death
• Sir Isaiah Berlin's Blue Plaque on Headington House
• Isaiah Berlin Day in Riga
• Broadcasts