Održivi razvoj
Održivi razvoj podrazumeva razvoj društva koji raspoloživim resursima zadovoljava ljudske potrebe, ne ugrožavajući prirodne sisteme i životnu sredinu, čime se osigurava dugoročno postojanje ljudskog društva i njegovog okruženja. Koncept održivog razvoja predstavlja novu strategiju i filozofiju društvenog razvoja
Održivi razvoj se najčešće dovodi u vezu sa zaštitom životne sredine, odnosno nastojanjem da se zabrinutost za opstanak živog sveta na planeti Zemlji poveže sa očuvanjem prirodnih resursa i brojnim ekološkim izazovima koji stoje pred svakim društvom, državom i čovečanstvom u celini.
Aktuelnosti samog pojma doprinosi ugroženost životne sredine, koja se ogleda u ekološkim izazovima i problemima kao što su: globalno zagrevanje, smanjivanje ozonskog omotača, „efekat staklene bašte“, nestanak šuma, pretvaranje plodnog zemljišta u pustinje, pojava kiselih kiša, izumiranje životinjskih i biljnih vrsta.
Koncept održivog razvoja bio je i ostaje podložan kritici, uključujući i pitanje šta treba održati u održivom razvoju. Tvrdi se da ne postoji održivo korišćenje neobnovljivog resursa, jer će svaka pozitivna stopa eksploatacije na kraju dovesti do iscrpljivanja zemaljskih konačnih zaliha;[1]:13 ta perspektiva čini industrijsku revoluciju u celini neodrživom.[2]:20f[3]:61–67[4]:22f Takođe se tvrdi da je značenje koncepta oportunistički razvučeno od „upravljanja konzervacijom” do „ekonomskog razvoja”, i da Brundtlandov izveštaj nije promovisao ništa osim poslovanja kao uobičajene strategije za svetski razvoj, sa dvosmislenim i nebitnim konceptom priloženim kao sloganom za odnose s javnošću.[5]:48–54[6]:94–99
Definicije održivog razvoja[uredi | uredi izvor]
Ne postoji jedinstvena i opšteprihvaćena definicija pojma održivog razvoja.
Najčešće se navodi definicija održivog razvoja koju je 1987. godine dala Svetska komisija za okruženje i razvoj pri Ujedinjenim nacijama (tzv. Bruntland komisija) u svom izveštaju pod nazivom Naša zajednička budućnost. Definicija glasi:
Održivi razvoj je razvoj koji zadovoljava potrebe sadašnjice, ne dovodeći u pitanje sposobnost budućih generacija da zadovolje vlastite potrebe.[7]
Održivi razvoj podrazumeva ravnotežu između potrošnje resursa i sposobnosti obnavljanja prirodnih sistema.
Jedna sveobuhvatna definicija održivog razvoja glasi: održivi razvoj predstavlja integralni ekonomski, tehnološki, socijalni i kulturni razvoj, usklađen sa potrebama zaštite i unapređenja životne sredine, koji omogućava sadašnjim i budućim generacijama zadovoljavanje njihovih potreba i poboljšanje kvaliteta života.[8]
Dimenzije održivog razvoja[uredi | uredi izvor]
Uobičajeno je stanovište da se koncept održivog razvoja može razložiti u tri osnovne dimenzije: ekološka, ekonomska i socijalna održivost. Postoje predlozi da se kultura uvrsti kao četvrta dimenzija održivosti.[9] Prema drugim izvorima, četvrta dimenzija je institucionalna,[10] pri čemu se ima u vidu princip dobrog upravljanja.
Ciljevi održivog razvoja[uredi | uredi izvor]
Ciljevi održivog razvoja poznati su još kao globalni ciljevi. To je univerzalni poziv na delovanje da se iskoreni siromaštvo, zaštiti životna sredina i obezbedi mir i prosperitet za sve.[11]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ Turner, R. Kerry (1988). „Sustainability, Resource Conservation and Pollution Control: An Overview”. Ur.: Turner, R. Kerry. Sustainable Environmental Management. London: Belhaven Press.
- ^ Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas (1971). The Entropy Law and the Economic Process (Full book accessible at Scribd). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674257801.
- ^ Rifkin, Jeremy (1980). Entropy: A New World View. (PDF contains only the title and contents pages of the book). New York: The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0670297177.
- ^ Daly, Herman E. (1992). Steady-state economics (2nd izd.). London: Earthscan Publications.
- ^ O'Riordan, Timothy (1993). „The Politics of Sustainability”. Ur.: Turner, R. Kerry. Sustainable Environmental Economics and Management: Principles and Practice. London: Belhaven Press.
- ^ Perez-Carmona, Alexander (2013). „Growth: A Discussion of the Margins of Economic and Ecological Thought” (Article accessible at SlideShare). Ur.: Meuleman, Louis. Transgovernance. Advancing Sustainability Governance. Heidelberg: Springer. str. 83—161. ISBN 9783642280085. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28009-2_3.
- ^ World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future, Oxford University Press [1]
- ^ Centar za demokratsku tranziciju [2]
- ^ United Cities and Local Governments, "Culture: Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development".
- ^ United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. Report on the Third Session (11-28 April 1995.) Economic and Social Council. Official Records, 1995. Supplement No.12. E/1995/32 E/CN.17/1995/36. United Nations, New York, 1995
- ^ „Ciljevi održivog razvoja”. UNDP. Arhivirano iz originala 06. 06. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 10. 6. 2020.
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 License statement: Rethinking Education: Towards a global common good?, 32–33, UNESCO. UNESCO. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.- This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA License statement: Issues and trends in education for sustainable development, 276, UNESCO. UNESDOC. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.
- Ahmed, Faiz (2008). An Examination of the Development Path Taken by Small Island Developing States (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 3. 10. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 19. 4. 2012. (pp. 17–26)
- Atkinson, G., S. Dietz, and E. Neumayer (2009). Handbook of Sustainable Development. Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 1848444729.
- Bakari, Mohamed El-Kamel. "Globalization and Sustainable Development: False Twins?." New Global Studies 7.3: 23–56. ISSN (Online) 1940-0004, ISSN (Print) 2194–6566, . doi:10.1515/ngs-2013-021. Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar
|title=(pomoć), November 2013. - Bertelsmann Stiftung, ur. (2013). Winning Strategies for a Sustainable Future. Reinhard Mohn Prize 2013. Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh. ISBN 978-3-86793-491-6.
- Beyerlin, Ulrich. Sustainable Development, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
- Borowy, Iris. Defining Sustainable Development for Our Common Future. A history of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission), Milton Park: Routledge, 2014.
- Cook, Sarah & Esuna Dugarova (2014). „Rethinking Social Development for a Post-2015 World”. Development. 57 (1): 30—35. doi:10.1057/dev.2014.25.
- Danilov-Danil'yan, Victor I., Losev, K.S., Reyf, Igor E. Sustainable Development and the Limitation of Growth: Future Prospects for World Civilization. Transl. Vladimir Tumanov. Ed. Donald Rapp. New York: Springer Praxis Books, 2009. [3] na sajtu Gugl knjige
- Edwards, A.R., and B. McKibben (2010). Thriving Beyond Sustainability: Pathways to a Resilient Society. New Society Publishers, ISBN 0865716412.
- Farah, Paolo Davide; Rossi, Piercarlo (2015). „Energy: Policy, Legal and Social-Economic Issues Under the Dimensions of Sustainability and Security”. World Scientific Reference on Globalisation in Eurasia and the Pacific Rim. SSRN 2695701
. - Hickel, Jason (2019). „The contradiction of the sustainable development goals: Growth versus ecology on a finite planet”. Sustainable Development. 27 (5): 873—884. doi:10.1002/sd.1947.
- Huesemann, M.H., and J.A. Huesemann (2011). Technofix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment, Chapter 6, "Sustainability or Collapse?", and Chapter 13, "The Design of Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Appropriate Technologies", New Society Publishers, ISBN 0865717044.
- James, Paul; Nadarajah, Yaso; Haive, Karen; Stead, Victoria (2012). Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New Guinea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
- James, Paul; with Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred B. (2015). Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability. London: Routledge.
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- Tausch, Arno (2012). Globalization, the Human Condition, and Sustainable Development in the Twenty-first Century: Cross-national Perspectives and European Implications. With Almas Heshmati and a Foreword by Ulrich Brand (1st изд.). Anthem Press, London. ISBN 9780857284105.
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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Ekološki program Ujedinjenih nacija
- Evropska unija i zaštita okruženja
- Nacionalna strategija održivog razvoja Republike Srbije
- Global Sustainable Development, an undergraduate degree program offered by the University of Warwick.
- „Circles of Sustainability – Practical tools for creating sustainable cities and communities”. Circles of Sustainability – Practical tools for creating sustainable cities and communities. 16. 12. 2013. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2017.
- Principles of Sustainability, an open course offered by the University of Idaho and Washington State University.
- Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, United Nations platform on sustainable development.
- „Sustainable Development Law & Policy”. American University Washington College of Law. 11. 11. 2015. Arhivirano iz originala 4. 7. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2017.
- UK Sustainable Development Commission
- „Sustainable Development Solutions Network”. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. 20. 4. 2017. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2017.
- World Bank website on sustainable development.
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