Pholidotamorpha

Pholidotamorpha; Vremenski raspon: 79.47–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N kasna kreda do danas
	primjeri predstavnika kladusa; Pholidotamorpha
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Veliki Red:	Ferungulata
Mirored:	Ferae
Kladus:	Pholidotamorpha; Gaudin, 2009
Redovi
	Pholidota; †Palaeanodonta;

Pholidotamorpha (Folidotamorfa — „oblik ljuskavca”) ili ljuskavcoliki sisari je kladus placentalnih sisara unutar miroreda Ferae.^[3]^[4]^[5] Ovaj kladus sisara obuhvata red Pholidota i izumrli red Palaeanodonta.^[2]^[6]^[7] Stručni naziv za članove ovog kladusa sisara je folidotamorfi.

Etimologija naziva[uredi | uredi izvor]

Kladus:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Pholidotamorpha	reda Pholidota i starogrčke riječi morfe (stgrč. μορφή), što znači oblik	oblik ljuskavca

Opis[uredi | uredi izvor]

Zajedničke fizičke osobine prisutne kod prestavnika kladusa Pholidotamorpha su:

prilagodba ishrani sa sitnim insektima i drugim sitnim bezkičmenjacima,
smanjeni broj zuba u vilicama (ili njihovo potpuno odsustvo),
i tjelesne prilagodbe fosorijalnom ili polufosorijalnom načinu života, ka što je robusna građa tjela i snažni udovu sa kandžama koje koriste pri kopanju zemlje.

Sistematika[uredi | uredi izvor]

Klasifikacija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Klasifikacija kladusa Pholidotamorpha:

Kladus: Pholidotamorpha (Gaudin, 2009) (ljuskavcoliki sisari) Red: Pholidota (Weber, 1904) (ljuskavci) Podred: Eupholidota (Gaudin, 2009) (pravi ljuskavci) Porodica: †Eurotamanduidae (Szalay & Schrenk, 1994) Rod: †Euromanis (Gaudin, 2009) Incertae sedis †Pholidota sp. [BC 16’08] (Pickford, 2008) Red: †Palaeanodonta (Matthew, 1918) (praljuskavci) Porodica: †Epoicotheriidae ^{(parafiletska porodica) (Simpson, 1927)} Porodica: †Ernanodontidae (Ding, 1979) Porodica: †Escavadodontidae (Rose & Lucas, 2000) Porodica: †Metacheiromyidae ^{(parafiletska porodica)} (Wortman, 1903) Incertae sedis: Rod: †Arcticanodon (Rose, 2004) Rod: †Melaniella (Fox, 1984) † - oznaka za izumrli takson

Filogenija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze kladusa Pholidotamorpha.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[2]^[6]^[12]^[13]

Ferae

Pan-Carnivora

Pholidotamorpha

Pholidota

	Eupholidota

	†Eurotamanduidae

?

†Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

†Euromanis

sensu stricto

†Palaeanodonta

†Escavadodontidae

?

†Melaniella

†Amelotabes

†Epoicotheriidae

	†Epoicotherium

	†Molaetherium

†Xenocranium

†Epoicotheriinae

†Tetrapassalus

†Dipassalus

†Alocodontulum

†Auroratherium

†Pentapassalus

†Tubulodon

?

†Arcticanodon

†Propalaeanodontinae

†Mylanodon

†Brachianodon

†Palaeanodon

†Metacheiromyinae

	†Metacheiromys

	†Ernanodontidae

(Pholidota [sensu lato])

†Epoicotherium/Xenocranium grupa

†Metacheiromyidae

Vremenska rasprostranjenst[uredi | uredi izvor]

Unutar miroreda Ferae[uredi | uredi izvor]

Unutar kladusa Pholidotamorpha[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.) "Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world’s most trafficked wild mammals", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 40(10), PMID:37794645; PMCID:PMC10551234.
^ ^a ^b ^v Gaudin, Timothy (28. 8. 2009). „The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis” (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media. 16 (4): 235—305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 25. 09. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2015.
^ Murphy, Willian J., et al. (2001-12-14). „Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics”. Science. 294 (5550): 2348—2351. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M. PMID 11743200. doi:10.1126/science.1067179.
^ Beck, Robin MD; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf RP; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (2006). „A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals”. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6 (1): 93. PMC 1654192 . PMID 17101039. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93.
^ Halliday, Thomas J. D.; Upchurch, Paul; Goswami, Anjali (2015). „Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals” (PDF). Biological Reviews. 92 (1): 521—550. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 28075073. doi:10.1111/brv.12242.
^ ^a ^b Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). „A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983—1001. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319.
^ Mark S. Springer, Christopher A. Emerling, John Gatesy, Jason Randall, Matthew A. Collin, Nikolai Hecker, Michael Hiller, Frédéric Delsuc (2019.) Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales BMC Evol Biol 19, 31
^ K. D. Rose, L. Krishtalka and R. K. Stucky (1991.) "Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 11. Palaeanodonta (Mammalia)." Annals of Carnegie Museum 60(1):63-82
^ Rose, Kenneth D.; Lucas, Spencer G. (2000). „An early Paleocene palaeanodont (Mammalia, ?Pholidota) from New Mexico, and the origin of Palaeanodonta”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 139—156. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0139:AEPPMP]2.0.CO;2.
^ Amrine-madsen, H.; Koepfli, K.P.; Wayne, R.K.; Springer, M.S. (2003). „A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 28 (2): 225—240. PMID 12878460. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00118-0.
^ Rose, K. D. (2008.) "Palaeanodonta and Pholidota"; pp. 135–146 in C. M. Janis, G. F. Gunnell, and M. Uhen (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
^ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
^ Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies", Springer Geology. Springer, Cham.

[1] Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.) "Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world’s most trafficked wild mammals", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 40(10), PMID:37794645; PMCID:PMC10551234.

[web2.utc.edu-2] v Gaudin, Timothy (28. 8. 2009). „The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis” (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media. 16 (4): 235—305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 25. 09. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 14. 5. 2015.

[3] Murphy, Willian J., et al. (2001-12-14). „Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics”. Science. 294 (5550): 2348—2351. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M. PMID 11743200. doi:10.1126/science.1067179.

[Beck_et_al_2006-4] Beck, Robin MD; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf RP; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (2006). „A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals”. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6 (1): 93. PMC 1654192 . PMID 17101039. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93.

[HallidayUpchurch2015-5] Halliday, Thomas J. D.; Upchurch, Paul; Goswami, Anjali (2015). „Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals” (PDF). Biological Reviews. 92 (1): 521—550. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 28075073. doi:10.1111/brv.12242.

[KondrashovAgadjanian2012-6] Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). „A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983—1001. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319.

[Springer2019-7] Mark S. Springer, Christopher A. Emerling, John Gatesy, Jason Randall, Matthew A. Collin, Nikolai Hecker, Michael Hiller, Frédéric Delsuc (2019.) Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is inactivated in toothless/enamelless placental mammals and toothed whales BMC Evol Biol 19, 31

[Rose91-8] K. D. Rose, L. Krishtalka and R. K. Stucky (1991.) "Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. Part 11. Palaeanodonta (Mammalia)." Annals of Carnegie Museum 60(1):63-82

[RoseLucas2000-9] Rose, Kenneth D.; Lucas, Spencer G. (2000). „An early Paleocene palaeanodont (Mammalia, ?Pholidota) from New Mexico, and the origin of Palaeanodonta”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 139—156. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0139:AEPPMP]2.0.CO;2.

[Amrine-madsen2003-10] Amrine-madsen, H.; Koepfli, K.P.; Wayne, R.K.; Springer, M.S. (2003). „A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 28 (2): 225—240. PMID 12878460. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00118-0.

[KennethRose-11] Rose, K. D. (2008.) "Palaeanodonta and Pholidota"; pp. 135–146 in C. M. Janis, G. F. Gunnell, and M. Uhen (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

[12] Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.

[13] Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies", Springer Geology. Springer, Cham.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]