Britanski mandat nad Palestinom

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Britanski mandat nad Palestinom Mandatory Palestine
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Granice Palestine 1922.

Zastava Britanskog mandata u Palestini

Britanski mandat nad Palestinom je bio geopolitički entitet pod britanskom upravom, izdvojen iz osmanske Južne Sirije nakon Prvog svetskog rata. Britanska civilna uprava u Palestini je trajala od 1920. do 1948.

Godine 1917, tokom Prvog svetskog rata, Velika Britanija je porazila osmanske snage i uspostavila vojnu upravu nad okupiranim teritorijama bivše osmanske Sirije. Teritorija je ostala pod britanskom vojnom upravom tokom rata i posle njega. Britanci su tražili da dobiju legitimitet za svoju kontrolu nad teritorijom i to su dobili sticanjem mandata od Društva naroda u junu 1922. Zvanični cilj mandata Društva naroda je da se upravlja delovima raspalog Osmanskog carstva, koje je vladalo Bliskim istokom od 16. veka, do trenutka kada će te teritorije biti u stanju da same upravljaju sobom. Civilna uprava je formalizovana uz saglasnost Društva naroda 1923. godine kao Britanski mandat nad Palestinom, koji je pokrivao dve administrativne oblasti. Zemlja zapadno od reke Jordan, pod imenom Palestina, je bila pod direktnom britanskom upravom do 1948. dok je zemlja istočno od Jordana bila polunezavisni region pod imenom Transjordanija, pod vladavinom hašemitske dinastije iz Hidžaza i koja je stekla nezavisnost 1946.

Za vreme postojanja Britanskog mandata, u oblasti je zabeležen uspon dva glavna nacionalistička pokreta, jedan među Jevrejima, a drugi među Arapima. Rivalstvo i neprijateljstvo ta dva pokreta su imali značajan uticaj na istoriju tog perioda, a vrhunac nasilja je zabeležen u Arapskoj pobuni 1936-1939. i građanskim ratom 1947-1948. Drugi svetski rat je imao malo direktnog uticaja na život u Palestini, ali su njegove indirektne posledice na kraju dovele do građanskog rata i povlačenja Britanaca.

Ishod građanskog rata i potonji Izraelsko-arapski rat 1948. su doveli do primirja 1949. podelom bivšeg Britanskog mandata na novonastali Izrael sa jevrejskom većinom, jordanskom aneksijom Zapadne obale i arapskom Svepalestinskom upravom u pojasu Gaze pod egipatskom vojnom okupacijom.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Mediji vezani za članak Britanski mandat nad Palestinom na Vikimedijinoj ostavi