Hebronsko staklo
Hebronsko staklo (arap. زجاج الخليل, zajaj al-Khalili) se odnosi na staklo proizvedeno u Hebronu, čija je proizvodnja otpočela kao deo produktivne umetničke industrije osnovane u gradu tokom rimske vladavine Palestinom, ali njegovo poreklo seže u stariju feničansku industriju stakla.[1][2] Stari grad u Hebronu još uvek sadrži kvart pod nazivom „Kvart duvača stakla“ (arap. حارة القزازين ) i hebronsko staklo je i dalje turistička atrakcija za grad.
Tradicionalno, staklo se topilo korišćenjem lokalnih sirovina, uključujući pesak iz susednih sela, natrijum karbonat (iz Mrtvog mora),[3] i dodatke radi dobijanja boje, kao što su oksid gvožđa i oksid bakra. Danas se u procesu proizvodnje često koristi reciklirano staklo. Proizvodnja stakla u Hebronu je porodični zanat, čije je tajne sačuvale i prenosile nekoliko palestinskih porodica koje upravljaju fabrikama stakla koje se nalaze nedaleko od grada.[4][5] Proizvodi koji se prave uključuju stakleni nakit, kao što su perle, narukvice i prstenje,[6] kao i vitraži i staklene lampe. Međutim, zbog palestinsko-izraelskog sukoba, proizvodnja stakla je pretrpela pad.[5]
Izvori[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ Spaulding and Welch, 1994, pp. 200-201
- ^ „Vases”. Holy Land Handicraft Cooperative Society. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 07. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 2008-04-13.
- ^ „Hebron Beads”. Dphjewelry.com. Arhivirano iz originala 2012-10-11. g. Pristupljeno 2012-08-18.
- ^ „Vases”. Holy Land Handicraft Cooperative Society. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 07. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 2008-04-13.
- ^ a b Nazmi al-Ju'bah (25. 1. 2008). „Hebron glass: A centuries' old tradition”. Institute for Middle East Understanding (Original in This Week in Palestine). Arhivirano iz originala 25. 12. 2010. g. Pristupljeno 31. 3. 2012.
- ^ Beard, 1862, p. 19
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
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- Browne, W.G. (1799). Travels in Africa, Egypt and Syria From the year 1792 to 1798. T. Cadell junior and W. Davies, Strand.
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- Spaulding, Mary; Welch, Penny (1994). Nurturing Yesterday's Child: A Portrayal of the Drake Collection of Paedeatric History. Dundurn Press Ltd. ISBN 0-920474-91-8.
- Thompson, W.M. (1861). The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery of the Holy Land. Harper & Bros.
- Tunisi, or el-Tounsy (1845). Voyage au Darfour. Paris. (pp. 41n, 209)
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- Weir, Shelagh (1989). Palestinian Costume. British Museum Publications Ltd. ISBN 0-7141-2517-2.