Кидани
Кидани (кин. 契丹; перс. ختن), Китаи или Кидан су имена номадских монголских народа, који живе у данашњој Монголији и Манџурији од 4. века.
Почев од 10. века преузели су власт над северном Кином и успоставили династију Љао, оставивши релативно мало трагова. Након што се династија Лиао срушила 1125. године, многи Китани су се преселили на запад и успоставили државу Кара-Кину коју је 1218. године коначно уништило монголско царство.[1]
Генетика[уреди | уреди извор]
Кидани су били асоцирани са експанзијом патерналне C3 (xC3c) Y хаплогрупе у Унутрашњој Монголији.[2]
Извори[уреди | уреди извор]
- ^ [1] Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (7. јул 2011) Kingdom of Khitans: Sudden Rise, Sudden Fall, China Daily 19. VI 2003
- ^ Balaresque, Patricia; Poulet, Nicolas; Cussat-Blanc, Sylvain; Gerard, Patrice; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Heyer, Evelyne; Jobling, Mark A (14. 1. 2015). „Y-chromosome descent clusters and male differential reproductive success: young lineage expansions dominate Asian pastoral nomadic populations”. European Journal of Human Genetics. 23 (10): 1413—1422. PMC 4430317
. PMID 25585703. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.285.
Литература[уреди | уреди извор]
- Anderson, E. N. (2014). Food and Environment in Early and Medieval China. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-9009-7.
- Baldick, Julian (2012). Animal and Shaman: Ancient Religions of Central Asia. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-7165-5.
- Biran, Michal (2017). „7. The Mongols and Nomadic Identity: The Case of the Kitans in China”. Nomads as Agents of Cultural ChangeThe Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors. Berlin, Boston: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-4789-0. Приступљено 13. 2. 2018.
- Cohen, Warren I. (2001). East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50251-1.
- Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press. стр. 230—234.
- Dudbridge, Glen (2013). A Portrait of Five Dynasties China: From the Memoirs of Wang Renyu (880-956). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-164967-7.
- Ebrey, Patricia; Walthall, Anne (2013). Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-133-60651-2.
- Kara, György (1987). „On the Khitan Writing Systems”. Mongolian Studies: 19—23.
- Hung, Hing Ming (2013). Li Shi Min, Founding the Tang Dynasty: The Strategies that Made China the Greatest Empire in Asia. Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-980-3.
- Grayson, James H. (2012). Myths and Legends from Korea: An Annotated Compendium of Ancient and Modern Materials. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-60289-4.
- Janhunen, Juha (2014). Mongolian. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. стр. 4. ISBN 9789027238252.
- Kim, Hyun Jin (2013). The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-06722-6.
- Kim, Djun Kil (2005). The History of Korea. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-03853-2.
- Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). A New History of Korea. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 067461576X.
- Middleton, John (2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-45157-0.
- McMahon, Keith (2013). Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-2290-8.
- Mote, Frederick W. (2003). Imperial China 900-1800. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01212-7.
- San, Tan Koon (2014). Dynastic China: An Elementary History. The Other Press. ISBN 978-983-9541-88-5.
- Seth, Michael J. (2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7.
- Skaff, Jonathan Karam (2012). Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800 (Oxford Studies in Early Empires). Oxford University Press.
- Starr, S. Frederick (2015). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-45137-2.
- Xu, Elina-Qian (2005). „Historical development of the pre-dynastic Khitan”. Приступљено 13. 2. 2018.
- Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis (1994). „Introduction”. The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Gernet, Jacques (2008). A History of Chinese Civilization (2nd изд.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521497817.
- Johnson, Linda Cooke (2011). Women of the Conquest Dynasties. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824834043.
- Kane, Daniel (2009). The Kitan Language and Script. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004168299.
- Mote, Frederick W. (1999). Imperial China: 900–1800. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674445154.
- Shen, Hsueh-Man (2001). „Realizing the Buddha's "Dharma" Body during the Mofa Period: A Study of Liao Buddhist Relic Deposits”. Artibus Asiae. 61 (2): 263—303. JSTOR 3249911.
- Turchin, Peter (децембар 2006). Jonathan M. Adams, Thomas D. Hall. „East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States” (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 219—229. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) на датум 22. 2. 2007. Приступљено 12. 8. 2010.
- Twitchett, Denis; Tietze, Klaus-Peter (1994). „The Liao”. Ур.: Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis. The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Wittfogel, Karl A. (1946). Feng Chia-Sheng. „History of Chinese Society Liao (907-1125)”. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 36: 1—752. JSTOR 1005570. Приступљено 10. 2. 2012.
Спољашње везе[уреди | уреди извор]
- Khitans
- Khitans on scholar.google.com
- Exhibition of Khitan artifacts
- Khitan gers