Зграда — разлика између измена

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Верзија на датум 24. децембар 2022. у 02:57

Зграда је грађевина која се састоји од спољних зидова и кровне конструкције, с једном или више затворених просторија којим је омогућен приступ. Може служити као заштита људи, животиња или имовине. Зграде могу бити различитих врста и намена - од сложених комплекса као што су болнице, дворане, куће или стамбене зграде. У згради се може регулисати температура, светло, доток ваздуха или путеви кретања људи. Обликовање зграда је старо као само човечанство.

Дефиниције

The word building is both a noun and a verb: the structure itself and the act of making it. As a noun, a building is 'a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place';^[1] "there was a three-storey building on the corner"; "it was an imposing edifice". In the broadest interpretation a fence or wall is a building.^[2] However, the word structure is used more broadly than building including natural and man-made formations^[3] and does not necessarily have walls. Structure is more likely to be used for a fence. Sturgis' Dictionary included that "[building] differs from architecture in excluding all idea of artistic treatment; and it differs from construction in the idea of excluding scientific or highly skilful treatment."^[4] As a verb, building is the act of construction.

Structural height in technical usage is the height to the highest architectural detail on building from street-level. Depending on how they are classified, spires and masts may or may not be included in this height. Spires and masts used as antennas are not generally included. The definition of a low-rise vs. a high-rise building is a matter of debate, but generally three stories or less is considered low-rise.^[5]

Историја

There is clear, evidence of homebuilding from around 18,000 BC.^[6] Buildings became common during the Neolithic (see Neolithic architecture).^[7]

Врсте зграда

По намени могу бити стамбене, индустријске, пословне, јавне, здравствене, културне, сакралне, спортске зграде ... У зависности од материјала, могу бити на пример зидане, камене, дрвене или металне зграде.

Комплекс

Sometimes a group of inter-related (and possibly inter-connected) builds are referred to as a complex – for example a housing complex,^[8] educational complex,^[9] hospital complex, etc.

Оштећење у згради

Buildings may be damaged during the construction of the building or during maintenance. There are several other reasons behind building damage like accidents^[10] such as storms, explosions, subsidence caused by mining, water withdrawal^[11] or poor foundations and landslides.^[12] Buildings also may suffer from fire damage^[13] and flooding in special circumstances. They may also become dilapidated through lack of proper maintenance or alteration work improperly carried out.

Види још

Референце

^ Max J. Egenhofer (2002). Geographic Information Science: Second International Conference, GIScience 2002, Boulder, CO, USA, September 25–28, 2002. Proceedings. Springer Science & Business Media. стр. 110. ISBN 978-3-540-44253-0.
^ Building def. 2. Whitney, William Dwight, and Benjamin E. Smith. The Century dictionary and cyclopedia. vol. 1. New York: Century Co., 1901. 712. Print.
^ Structure. def. 2. Merriam-Webster's dictionary of synonyms: a dictionary of discriminated synonyms with antonyms and analogous and contrasted words.. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster, 1984. 787. Print.
^ Building. def 1. Sturgis, Russell. A dictionary of architecture and building: biographical, historical, and descriptive. vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Co.; 1901. 2236. Print.
^ Paul Francis Wendt and Alan Robert Cerf (1979), Real estate investment analysis and taxation, McGraw-Hill, p. 210
^ Rob Dunn (23. 8. 2014). „Meet the lodgers: Wildlife in the great indoors”. New Scientist: 34—37. Архивирано из оригинала 2014-11-29. г.
^ Pace, Anthony (2004). „Tarxien”. Ур.: Daniel Cilia. Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture. Miranda Publishers. ISBN 978-9990985085.
^ „plans to convert housing complex”. Архивирано из оригинала 2017-01-10. г. Приступљено 2017-02-23.
^ „isye building complex”. Архивирано из оригинала 2017-01-03. г.
^ „Building Damage”. Pb.unimelb.edu.au. Архивирано из оригинала 2014-02-14. г. Приступљено 2014-08-22.
^ Bru, G.; Herrera, G.; Tomás, R.; Duro, J.; Vega, R. De la; Mulas, J. (2013-02-01). „Control of deformation of buildings affected by subsidence using persistent scatterer interferometry”. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 9 (2): 188—200. ISSN 1573-2479. S2CID 110521863. doi:10.1080/15732479.2010.519710.
^ Soldato, Matteo Del; Bianchini, Silvia; Calcaterra, Domenico; Vita, Pantaleone De; Martire, Diego Di; Tomás, Roberto; Casagli, Nicola (2017-07-12). „A new approach for landslide-induced damage assessment” (PDF). Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 8 (2): 1524—1537. ISSN 1947-5705. S2CID 73697187. doi:10.1080/19475705.2017.1347896 .
^ Brotóns, V.; Tomás, R.; Ivorra, S.; Alarcón, J. C. (2013-12-17). „Temperature influence on the physical and mechanical properties of a porous rock: San Julian's calcarenite”. Engineering Geology. 167 (Supplement C): 117—127. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.012.

Литература

Acharya, P. K. (1927). Indian Architecture according to the Manasara Shilpa Shastra. London: Oxford University Press (Republished by Motilal Banarsidass). ISBN 0300062176.
Bailey, Gauvin Alexander (2012). Baroque & Rococo (на језику: енглески). Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-5742-8.
Benton, Janetta Rebold; DiYanni, Robert (1998). Arts and Culture: An Introduction to the Humanities. 1. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bergdoll, Barry (2000). European Architecture 1750-1890 (на језику: енглески). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284222-0.
Bourbon, F (1998). Lost Civilizations. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc.
Braun, Hugh (1951). An Introduction to English Mediaeval Architecture. London: Faber and Faber.
Ching, Francis; Jarzombek, Mark; Prakash, Vikram (2006). A Global History of Architecture. Wiley.
Cole, Emily (2002). Architectural Details (на језику: енглески). Ivy Press. ISBN 978-1-78240-169-8.
Copplestone, Trewin, ур. (1963). World architecture – An illustrated history. London: Hamlyn.
de Martin, Henry (1925). Le Style Louis XV (на језику: француски). Flammarion.
Duncan, Alastair (1988). Art déco. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 2-87811-003-X.
Duncan, Alastair (1994). Art Nouveau (на језику: енглески). Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20273-9.
Duncan, Alastair (2009). Art Deco Complete: The Definitive Guide to the Decorative Arts of the 1920s and 1930s. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-8046-4.
Dyson, Tim (2018). A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8.
Fortenberry, Diane (2017). The Art Museum (Revised изд.). London: Phaidon Press. ISBN 978-0-7148-7502-6. Архивирано из оригинала 2021-04-23. г. Приступљено 2021-04-23.
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell (1958). The Pelican History of Art: Architecture : Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Penguin Books.
Hodge, Susie (2019). The Short Story of Architecture (на језику: енглески). Laurence King Publishing. ISBN 978-1-7862-7370-3.
Hopkins, Owen (2014). Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide (на језику: енглески). Laurence King. ISBN 978-178067-163-5.
Irving, Mark (2019). 1001 Buildings You Must See Before You Die (на језику: енглески). Cassell Illustrated. ISBN 978-1-78840-176-0.
Jarzombek, Mark (2013). Architecture of First Societies: a Global History. Wiley Press.
Jones, Denna, ур. (2014). Architecture The Whole Story (на језику: енглески). Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-29148-1.
McIntosh, Jane (2008). The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives. ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-57607-907-2.
Nuttgens, Patrick (1983). The Story of Architecture. Prentice Hall.
Renault, Christophe; Lazé, Christophe (2006). les Styles de l'architecture et du mobliier (на језику: француски). Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot. ISBN 978-2-87747-465-8.
Rogers, Richard; Gumuchdjian, Philip; Jones, Denna (2014). Architecture The Whole Story (на језику: енглески). Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-29148-1.
Shukla, D. N. (1993). Vastu-Sastra: Hindu Science of Architecture. Munshiram Manoharial Publishers. ISBN 978-81-215-0611-3.
Sinha, Amita (1998). „Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras”. Journal of Cultural Geography. Taylor & Francis. 17 (2): 27—41. doi:10.1080/08873639809478319.
Sund, July (2019). Exotic: A Fetish for the Foreign (на језику: енглески). Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-7637-5.
Texier, Simon (2012). Paris: Panorama de l'architecture (на језику: француски). Parigramme. ISBN 978-2-84096-667-8.
Watkin, David (септембар 2005). A History of Western Architecture. Hali Publications.
Wright, Rita P. (2009). The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57219-4. Приступљено 29. 9. 2013.
Banham, Reyner (1. 12. 1980). Theory and Design in the First Machine Age. Architectural Press.
Curl, James Stevens (2006). A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (Paperback) (Second изд.). Oxford University Press. стр. 880. ISBN 978-0-19-280630-7. ISBN.
Curtis, William J. R. (1987). Modern Architecture Since 1900. Phaidon Press.
Frampton, Kenneth (1992). Modern Architecture, a critical history (Third изд.). Thames & Hudson.
Jencks, Charles (1993). Modern Movements in Architecture (second изд.). Penguin Books Ltd.
Pevsner, Nikolaus (28. 3. 1991). Pioneers of Modern Design: From William Morris to Walter Gropius. Penguin Books Ltd.
Virginia McLeod, Belle Place, Sarah Kramer, Milena Harrison-Gray, and Cristopher Lacy (2019). HOUSES - Extraordinary Living. Phaidon. стр. 9. ISBN 978-0-7148-7809-6.
„The Old Copper Complex: North America's First Miners & Metal Artisans”. Приступљено 10. 8. 2015.
Song, Jeeun. „The History of Metallurgy and Mining in the Andean Region”. World History at Korean Minjok Leadership Academy. Korean Minjok Leadership Academy. Приступљено 10. 8. 2015.
Choi, Charles Q. (18. 4. 2007). „Pre-Incan Metallurgy Discovered”. Live Science. Live Science. Приступљено 10. 8. 2015.
Maldonado, Blanco D. (2003). „Tarascan Copper Metallurgy at the Site of Itziparátzico, Michoacán, México” (PDF). Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. Приступљено 22. 1. 2016.

Спољашње везе

[Egenhofer-1] Max J. Egenhofer (2002). Geographic Information Science: Second International Conference, GIScience 2002, Boulder, CO, USA, September 25–28, 2002. Proceedings. Springer Science & Business Media. стр. 110. ISBN 978-3-540-44253-0.

[2] Building def. 2. Whitney, William Dwight, and Benjamin E. Smith. The Century dictionary and cyclopedia. vol. 1. New York: Century Co., 1901. 712. Print.

[3] Structure. def. 2. Merriam-Webster's dictionary of synonyms: a dictionary of discriminated synonyms with antonyms and analogous and contrasted words.. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster, 1984. 787. Print.

[4] Building. def 1. Sturgis, Russell. A dictionary of architecture and building: biographical, historical, and descriptive. vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Co.; 1901. 2236. Print.

[5] Paul Francis Wendt and Alan Robert Cerf (1979), Real estate investment analysis and taxation, McGraw-Hill, p. 210

[6] Rob Dunn (23. 8. 2014). „Meet the lodgers: Wildlife in the great indoors”. New Scientist: 34—37. Архивирано из оригинала 2014-11-29. г.

[7] Pace, Anthony (2004). „Tarxien”. Ур.: Daniel Cilia. Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture. Miranda Publishers. ISBN 978-9990985085.

[8] „plans to convert housing complex”. Архивирано из оригинала 2017-01-10. г. Приступљено 2017-02-23.

[9] „isye building complex”. Архивирано из оригинала 2017-01-03. г.

[10] „Building Damage”. Pb.unimelb.edu.au. Архивирано из оригинала 2014-02-14. г. Приступљено 2014-08-22.

[11] Bru, G.; Herrera, G.; Tomás, R.; Duro, J.; Vega, R. De la; Mulas, J. (2013-02-01). „Control of deformation of buildings affected by subsidence using persistent scatterer interferometry”. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 9 (2): 188—200. ISSN 1573-2479. S2CID 110521863. doi:10.1080/15732479.2010.519710.

[12] Soldato, Matteo Del; Bianchini, Silvia; Calcaterra, Domenico; Vita, Pantaleone De; Martire, Diego Di; Tomás, Roberto; Casagli, Nicola (2017-07-12). „A new approach for landslide-induced damage assessment” (PDF). Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 8 (2): 1524—1537. ISSN 1947-5705. S2CID 73697187. doi:10.1080/19475705.2017.1347896 .

[13] Brotóns, V.; Tomás, R.; Ivorra, S.; Alarcón, J. C. (2013-12-17). „Temperature influence on the physical and mechanical properties of a porous rock: San Julian's calcarenite”. Engineering Geology. 167 (Supplement C): 117—127. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.012.

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@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{short description|Конструкција, обично са кровом и зидовима, мање-више трајно стоји на једном месту}}
-[[File:Tiong-Hua Building.jpg|thumb|Зграда]]
+[[Датотека:Tiong-Hua Building.jpg|thumb|250px|Зграда]]
 '''Зграда''' је [[грађевина]] која се састоји од спољних [[зид]]ова и кровне конструкције, с једном или више затворених [[просторија]] којим је омогућен приступ. Може служити као заштита [[човек|људи]], [[животиње|животиња]] или имовине.
+Зграде могу бити различитих врста и намена - од сложених комплекса као што су болнице, дворане, [[кућа|куће]] или стамбене зграде. У згради се може регулисати [[температура]], [[светлост|светло]], доток ваздуха или путеви кретања људи. Обликовање зграда је старо као само човечанство.
+== Дефиниције ==
-Зграде могу бити различитих врста и намена - од сложених комплекса као што су болнице, дворане, [[кућа|куће]] или стамбене зграде. У згради се може регулисати [[температура]], [[светлост|светло]], доток ваздуха или путеви кретања људи.
+[[Датотека:Kalasatama, Helsinki.jpg|thumb|250px|[[skyscraper|Небодери]] у изградњи у [[Kalasatama|Каласатами]], [[Хелсинки]], [[Финска]] (2021)]]
+{{рут}}
+The word ''building'' is both a noun and a verb: the structure itself and the act of making it. As a noun, a building is 'a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place';<ref name="Egenhofer">{{cite book|author=Max J. Egenhofer|title=Geographic Information Science: Second International Conference, GIScience 2002, Boulder, CO, USA, September 25–28, 2002. Proceedings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kH8gcJvVWfIC&pg=PA110|year=2002|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-44253-0|page=110}}</ref> "there was a three-storey building on the corner"; "it was an imposing edifice". In the broadest interpretation a [[fence]] or wall is a building.<ref>Building def. 2. Whitney, William Dwight, and Benjamin E. Smith. ''The Century dictionary and cyclopedia''. vol. 1. New York: Century Co., 1901. 712. Print.</ref> However, the word ''structure'' is used more broadly than ''building'' including natural and man-made formations<ref>Structure. def. 2. ''Merriam-Webster's dictionary of synonyms: a dictionary of discriminated synonyms with antonyms and analogous and contrasted words''.. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster, 1984. 787. Print.</ref> and does not necessarily have           walls. Structure is more likely to be used for a fence. [[Russell Sturgis|Sturgis' Dictionary]] included that "[building] differs from [[architecture]] in excluding all idea of artistic treatment; and it differs from [[construction]] in the idea of excluding scientific or highly skilful treatment."<ref>Building. def 1. Sturgis, Russell. ''A dictionary of architecture and building: biographical, historical, and descriptive''. vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Co.; 1901. 2236. Print.</ref> As a verb, building is the act of construction.
+''Structural height'' in technical usage is the height to the highest architectural detail on building from street-level. Depending on how they are classified, spires and masts may or may not be included in this height. Spires and masts used as antennas are not generally included. The definition of a ''low-rise vs. a high-rise'' building is a matter of debate, but generally three stories or less is considered low-rise.<ref>Paul Francis Wendt and Alan Robert Cerf (1979), ''Real estate investment analysis and taxation'', McGraw-Hill, p. 210</ref>
-Обликовање зграда је старо као само човечанство.
+== Историја ==
+{{see also|History of architecture}}
+There is clear, evidence of homebuilding from around 18,000 BC.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Rob Dunn|author-link1=Robert Dunn (biologist)|journal=New Scientist|date=Aug 23, 2014|pages=34–37|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true|title=Meet the lodgers: Wildlife in the great indoors|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031849/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true|archive-date=2014-11-29}}</ref> Buildings became common during the Neolithic (see [[Neolithic architecture]]).<ref>{{cite book|editor=Daniel Cilia|date=2004|first=Anthony|last=Pace|chapter=Tarxien|title=Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture|publisher=Miranda Publishers|isbn=978-9990985085}}</ref>
 == Врсте зграда ==
+[[Датотека:Marburg asv2022-02 img04 Reitgasse.jpg|left|250px|thumb|A [[Timber framing|timber-framed house]] in [[Marburg]], [[Germany]]]]
-* по намени могу бити стамбене, индустријске, пословне, јавне, здравствене, културне, сакралне, спортске зграде ...
+[[Датотека:15, Strada Arthur Verona, Bucharest (Romania) 10.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Belle Époque]] city-house in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]], transformed into a bookshop]]
-* у зависности од [[Грађевински материјал|материјала]], могу бити на пример зидане, камене, дрвене или металне зграде.
+По намени могу бити стамбене, индустријске, пословне, јавне, здравствене, културне, сакралне, спортске зграде ... У зависности од [[Грађевински материјал|материјала]], могу бити на пример зидане, камене, дрвене или металне зграде.
+=== Комплекс ===
+Sometimes a group of inter-related (and possibly inter-connected) builds are referred to as a complex – for example a [[housing complex]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/plans-to-convert-former-housing-complex-into-flats/story-30042482-detail/story.html|title=plans to convert housing complex|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125715/http://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/plans-to-convert-former-housing-complex-into-flats/story-30042482-detail/story.html#|archive-date=2017-01-10|access-date=2017-02-23}}</ref>  educational complex,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isye.gatech.edu/about/maps-directions/isye-building-complex|title=isye building complex|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103001851/https://www.isye.gatech.edu/about/maps-directions/isye-building-complex|archive-date=2017-01-03}}</ref> hospital complex, etc.
+== Оштећење у згради ==
+[[Датотека:Fire inside an abandoned convent in Massueville, Quebec, Canada.jpg|thumb|250px|A building in [[Massueville]] ([[Quebec]], [[Canada]]), engulfed by [[fire]]]]
+Buildings may be damaged during the construction of the building or during maintenance. There are several other reasons behind building damage like accidents<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pb.unimelb.edu.au/emergency/emergencies/internal/buildingdamage.html |title=Building Damage |publisher=Pb.unimelb.edu.au |access-date=2014-08-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214231334/http://www.pb.unimelb.edu.au/emergency/emergencies/internal/buildingdamage.html |archive-date=2014-02-14 }}</ref> such as storms, explosions, subsidence caused by mining, water withdrawal<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bru|first1=G.|last2=Herrera|first2=G.|last3=Tomás|first3=R.|last4=Duro|first4=J.|last5=Vega|first5=R. De la|last6=Mulas|first6=J.|date=2013-02-01|title=Control of deformation of buildings affected by subsidence using persistent scatterer interferometry|journal=Structure and Infrastructure Engineering|volume=9|issue=2|pages=188–200|doi=10.1080/15732479.2010.519710|s2cid=110521863|issn=1573-2479}}</ref> or poor foundations and landslides.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Soldato|first1=Matteo Del|last2=Bianchini|first2=Silvia|last3=Calcaterra|first3=Domenico|last4=Vita|first4=Pantaleone De|last5=Martire|first5=Diego Di|last6=Tomás|first6=Roberto|last7=Casagli|first7=Nicola|date=2017-07-12|title=A new approach for landslide-induced damage assessment|journal=Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk|volume=8|issue=2|pages=1524–1537|doi=10.1080/19475705.2017.1347896|s2cid=73697187|issn=1947-5705|url=https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1094374/2/A%20new%20approach%20for%20landslide%20induced%20damage%20assessment.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref> Buildings also may suffer from [[fire damage]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brotóns|first1=V.|last2=Tomás|first2=R.|last3=Ivorra|first3=S.|last4=Alarcón|first4=J. C.|date=2013-12-17|title=Temperature influence on the physical and mechanical properties of a porous rock: San Julian's calcarenite|journal=Engineering Geology|volume=167|issue=Supplement C|pages=117–127|doi=10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.012}}</ref> and flooding in special circumstances. They may also become dilapidated through lack of proper maintenance or alteration work improperly carried out.
 == Види још ==
@@ Ред 23: / Ред 43: @@
 * [[Палата]]
 * [[Дворац]]
+== Референце ==
+{{Reflist|30em}}
+== Литература ==
+{{refbegin|30em}}
+* {{cite book|first=P. K.|last=Acharya|year=1927|title=Indian Architecture according to the Manasara Shilpa Shastra|url=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaofh07achauoft#page/n9/mode/2up |publisher=Oxford University Press (Republished by Motilal Banarsidass)|location=London|isbn=0300062176}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Bailey|first1=Gauvin Alexander|title=Baroque & Rococo|date=2012|publisher=Phaidon|isbn=978-0-7148-5742-8|language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Benton |first1=Janetta Rebold |last2=DiYanni |first2=Robert |title=Arts and Culture: An Introduction to the Humanities |volume=1 |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=New Jersey |year=1998}}
+* {{cite book |last=Bergdoll |first=Barry |title=European Architecture 1750-1890 |year=2000 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-284222-0 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last=Bourbon |first=F |title=Lost Civilizations |publisher=Barnes and Noble, Inc |location=New York |year=1998}}
+* {{cite book |last=Braun |first=Hugh |title=An Introduction to English Mediaeval Architecture |location=London |publisher=Faber and Faber |year=1951}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Ching |first1=Francis |last2=Jarzombek |first2=Mark |author-link2=Mark Jarzombek |first3=Vikram |last3=Prakash |title=A Global History of Architecture |publisher=Wiley |year=2006}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Cole |first1=Emily |title=Architectural Details |date=2002 |publisher=Ivy Press |isbn=978-1-78240-169-8 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |editor-last=Copplestone |editor-first=Trewin |year=1963 |title=World architecture – An illustrated history |publisher=Hamlyn |location=London}}
+* {{cite book |last=de Martin |first=Henry |title=Le Style Louis XV |year=1925 |publisher=Flammarion |language=fr}}
+* {{cite book|last=Duncan|first=Alastair|title=Art déco|url=https://archive.org/details/artdeco00dunc|url-access=registration|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=1988|isbn=2-87811-003-X}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Duncan|first1=Alastair|title=Art Nouveau|date=1994|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-20273-9|language=en}}
+* {{cite book|last=Duncan |first=Alastair |title=Art Deco Complete: The Definitive Guide to the Decorative Arts of the 1920s and 1930s |publisher=Abrams |year= 2009 |isbn=978-0-8109-8046-4 }}
+* {{cite book |last=Dyson |first=Tim |title=A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ |year=2018 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-882905-8|author-link=Tim Dyson}}
+* {{cite book |last=Fortenberry |first=Diane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsxDswEACAAJ |title=The Art Museum |date=2017 |publisher=Phaidon Press |isbn=978-0-7148-7502-6 |edition=Revised |location=London |access-date=2021-04-23 |archive-date=2021-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423220204/https://books.google.com/books?id=YsxDswEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
+* {{cite book |last=Hitchcock |first=Henry-Russell |author-link=Henry-Russell Hitchcock |title=The Pelican History of Art: Architecture : Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1958}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Hodge |first1=Susie |title=The Short Story of Architecture |date=2019 |publisher=Laurence King Publishing |isbn=978-1-7862-7370-3 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Hopkins|first1=Owen|title=Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide|date=2014|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-178067-163-5 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Irving |first1=Mark |title=1001 Buildings You Must See Before You Die |date=2019 |publisher=Cassell Illustrated |isbn=978-1-78840-176-0 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last=Jarzombek|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Jarzombek |title=Architecture of First Societies: a Global History |publisher=Wiley Press |year=2013}}
+* {{cite book|editor-last1=Jones |editor-first1=Denna |title=Architecture The Whole Story |date=2014 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-29148-1 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last=McIntosh|first=Jane|title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives|year=2008 |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]]|isbn=978-1-57607-907-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC|author-link=Jane McIntosh}}
+* {{cite book |last=Nuttgens |first=Patrick |year=1983 |title=The Story of Architecture |publisher=Prentice Hall}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Renault |first1=Christophe |last2=Lazé |first2=Christophe |title=les Styles de l'architecture et du mobliier |publisher=Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot |year=2006 |language=fr |isbn=978-2-87747-465-8}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Rogers |first1=Richard |last2=Gumuchdjian |first2=Philip |last3=Jones |first3=Denna |title=Architecture The Whole Story |date=2014 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-29148-1 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last=Shukla |first=D. N. |year=1993 |title=Vastu-Sastra: Hindu Science of Architecture |publisher=Munshiram Manoharial Publishers |isbn=978-81-215-0611-3}}
+* {{cite journal | last=Sinha | first=Amita | title=Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras | journal=Journal of Cultural Geography | publisher=Taylor & Francis | volume=17 | issue=2 | year=1998 | doi=10.1080/08873639809478319 | pages=27–41}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Sund|first1=July|title=Exotic: A Fetish for the Foreign|date=2019|publisher=Phaidon|isbn=978-0-7148-7637-5 |language=en}}
+* {{cite book |last=Texier |first=Simon |title=Paris: Panorama de l'architecture |year=2012 |publisher=Parigramme |isbn=978-2-84096-667-8 |language=fr}}
+* {{cite book |last=Watkin |first=David |date=September 2005 |title=A History of Western Architecture |publisher=Hali Publications}}
+* {{cite book |last=Wright |first=Rita P. |author-link=Rita P. Wright |title=The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAgFPQAACAAJ |access-date=29 September 2013 |year=2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press & Assessment|Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-57219-4}}
+* {{cite book |last=Banham |first=Reyner |date=1 Dec 1980 |title=Theory and Design in the First Machine Age |publisher=Architectural Press}}
+* {{cite book | last = Curl | first = James Stevens | title = A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture | year = 2006 | url =https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofarch00curl_0 | url-access = registration | type = Paperback | edition=  Second | publisher = Oxford University Press | id = ISBN | page = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofarch00curl_0/page/880 880] | isbn = 978-0-19-280630-7 }}
+* {{cite book |last=Curtis |first=William J. R. |year=1987 |title=Modern Architecture Since 1900 |publisher=Phaidon Press}}
+* {{cite book |last=Frampton |first=Kenneth |year=1992 |title=Modern Architecture, a critical history |publisher=Thames & Hudson |edition=Third}}
+* {{cite book |last=Jencks |first=Charles |year=1993 |title=Modern Movements in Architecture |publisher=Penguin Books Ltd |edition=second}}
+* {{cite book |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |date=28 Mar 1991 |title=Pioneers of Modern Design: From William Morris to Walter Gropius |publisher=Penguin Books Ltd}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Virginia McLeod, Belle Place, Sarah Kramer, Milena Harrison-Gray, and Cristopher Lacy|title=HOUSES - Extraordinary Living|date=2019|publisher=Phaidon|isbn=978-0-7148-7809-6|page=9|url=|language=}}
+* {{cite web|title=The Old Copper Complex: North America's First Miners & Metal Artisans|url=http://copperculture.homestead.com/|access-date=10 August 2015}}
+* {{cite web|last1=Song|first1=Jeeun|title=The History of Metallurgy and Mining in the Andean Region|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/sp/1011/pope/sje2.html|website=World History at Korean Minjok Leadership Academy|publisher=Korean Minjok Leadership Academy|access-date=10 August 2015}}
+* {{cite web|last1=Choi|first1=Charles Q.|title=Pre-Incan Metallurgy Discovered|url=http://www.livescience.com/1442-pre-incan-metallurgy-discovered.html|website=Live Science|date=18 April 2007|publisher=Live Science|access-date=10 August 2015}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Maldonado|first1=Blanco D.|title=Tarascan Copper Metallurgy at the Site of Itziparátzico, Michoacán, México|journal=Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies|date=2003|url=http://www.famsi.org/reports/02063/02063Maldonado01.pdf|access-date=22 January 2016}}
+{{refend}}
 == Спољашње везе ==
 {{Commonscat|Buildings}}
+*[http://www.eahn.org/ European Architectural History Network web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212043430/http://www.eahn.org/ |date=2018-12-12 }}
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110310024053/http://www.essentialhumanities.net/s_art_arch_time.php Western Architecture Timeline ]
-{{Клица-арх}}
+*[http://monoskop.org/Architecture Extensive collection of source documents in the history, theory and criticism of 20th-century architecture]
 {{нормативна контрола}}

Нормативна контрола
Међународне	FAST
Државне	Француска BnF подаци Немачка Израел Сједињене Државе Шведска Летонија Јапан Чешка
Уметничке	KulturNav
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика NARA