Firn — разлика између измена

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Верзија на датум 25. јун 2023. у 02:03

Firn (od švajcarske nemačke reči firn sa značenjem „lanski”, srodno sa pre) posebno je zbijen oblik snega. Ovaj tip snega je preostao od prošlih sezona i bio je rekristalizovan^[1]^[2] u supstancu gušću od neve. To je led koji je u srednjoj fazi između snega i ledenjačkog leda. Firn ima izgled vlažnog šećera, ali ima tvrdoću koja ga čini izuzetno otpornim na lopatanje. Njegova gustina se uglavnom kreće od 0,4 g/cm³ do 0,83 g/cm³,^[3] i često se može naći ispod snega koji se akumulira na vrhu glečera.

Pahuljice se sabijaju pod težinom nadkrivajućeg snežnog pokrivača. Pojedinačni kristali u blizini tačke topljenja su polutečni i klizavi, što im omogućava da klize duž drugih kristalnih ravni i da ispunjavaju prostore između njih, povećavajući gustinu leda. Tamo gde se kristali dodiruju, oni se vezuju, istiskujući vazduh između sebe na površinu ili u mehuriće.

U letnjim mesecima metamorfoza kristala može se odvijati brže zbog prodiranja vode između kristala. Do kraja leta, rezultat je firn. Minimalna nadmorska visina na kojoj se firn akumulira na glečeru naziva se granica firna, linija firna ili snežna linija.

Spisak firnova

Druge upotrebe

U kolokvijalnom i tehničkom jeziku, 'firn' se koristi za opisivanje određenih oblika starog snega:^[14]

Stara snežna polja ili neve (Firnfelder), čak i ako sneg još nije star godinu dana
noviji snežni slojevi glečera ('firnirani' lednik)
najviši, mekani sloj snega koji se smrzao preko noći i, kao rezultat prolećnog sunca i visokih temperatura vazduha, formira se na području starog snega (padine bivaju firnirane; u Švajcarskoj se naziva Sulz, dok se ovaj izraz u Nemačkoj odnosi na sneg do određene dubine na kojoj skijanje nizbrdo više nije prijatno)

Vidi još

Paprat

Reference

^ Шаблон:Cite q
^ Kumar Verma, Ashok (2014). „Recrystallization of Ice”. Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. стр. 932. ISBN 978-90-481-2641-5. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_439.
^ Cuffey, Kurt M.; Paterson, W. S. B. (3. 5. 2010). The Physics of Glaciers (Fourth изд.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0123694614. LCCN 2009050362.
^ „DanielBruun Firn”. Mapcarta. Приступљено 31. 5. 2019.
^ „Dreyer Firn”. Mapcarta. Приступљено 31. 5. 2019.
^ ^а ^б Kincaid, Joni L.; Andrew G Klein (2004). „Retreat of the Irian Jaya Glaciers from 2000 to 2002” (pdf). 61st Eastern Snow Conference. стр. 147—157. Приступљено 2011-11-03.
^ Kathryn Hansen, Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long, at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018
^ McDowell, Robin (1. 7. 2010). „Indonesia’s Last Glacier Will Melt ‘Within Years’”. Jakarta Globe. Приступљено 2011-11-03.
^ „Papua Glacier’s Secrets Dripping Away: Scientists”. Jakarta Globe. 2. 7. 2010. Приступљено 2011-11-03.
^ Sven Hedin Firn, Army Map Service, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Greenland 1:250,000
^ McDowell, Robin (1. 7. 2010). „Indonesia's Last Glacier Will Melt 'Within Years'”. Jakarta Globe. Приступљено 2011-10-23.
^ „Papua Glacier's Secrets Dripping Away: Scientists”. Jakarta Globe. 2. 7. 2010. Приступљено 2011-10-23.
^ Kathryn Hansen, Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long, at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018
^ Hobbs, Peter V. (2010). Ice Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. стр. 856. ISBN 978-0199587711.

Literatura

„Firn”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
„Fundamentals of Physical Geography”. physicalgeography.net.
Machguth, Horst; MacFerrin, Mike; van As, Dirk; Box, Jason E.; Charalampidis, Charalampos; Colgan, William; Fausto, Robert S.; Meijer, Harro A. J.; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen; van de Wal, Roderik S. W. (april 2016). „Greenland meltwater storage in firn limited by near-surface ice formation”. Nature Climate Change. 6 (4): 390—393. Bibcode:2016NatCC...6..390M. doi:10.1038/nclimate2899.
Hambrey, Michael; Alean, Jürg (2004). Glaciers (2nd изд.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82808-6. OCLC 54371738.
Benn, Douglas I.; Evans, David J.A. (1999). Glaciers and Glaciation. Arnold. ISBN 978-0-470-23651-2. OCLC 38329570.
Bennett, M.R.; Glasser, N.F. (1996). Glacial Geology: Ice Sheets and Landforms. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-96344-8. OCLC 33359888.
Hambrey, Michael (1994). Glacial Environments. University of British Columbia Press, UCL Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0510-0. OCLC 30512475.
Knight, Peter G (1999). Glaciers. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. ISBN 978-0-7487-4000-0. OCLC 42656957.
Walley, Robert (1992). Introduction to Physical Geography. Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
W.S.B. Paterson (1994). Physics of Glaciers (3rd изд.). Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-013972-2. OCLC 26188.
Moon, Twila. Saying goodbye to glaciers, Science, 12 May 2017, Vol. 356, Issue 6338, pp. 580–581, doi:10.1126/science.aam9625
Post, Austin; LaChapelle, Edward R (2000). Glacier ice. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-97910-6.
Staff (9. 6. 2020). „Millions at risk as melting Pakistan glaciers raise flood fears”. www.aljazeera.com. Приступљено 9. 6. 2020.
Craig, Tim (12. 8. 2016). „Pakistan has more glaciers than almost anywhere on Earth. But they are at risk.”. Washington Post (на језику: енглески). ISSN 0190-8286. Приступљено 4. 9. 2020. „With 7,253 known glaciers, including 543 in the Chitral Valley, there is more glacial ice in Pakistan than anywhere on Earth outside the polar regions, according to various studies.”
Brown, Molly Elizabeth; Ouyang, Hua; Habib, Shahid; Shrestha, Basanta; Shrestha, Mandira; Panday, Prajjwal; Tzortziou, Maria; Policelli, Frederick; Artan, Guleid; Giriraj, Amarnath; Bajracharya, Sagar R.; Racoviteanu, Adina. „HIMALA: Climate Impacts on Glaciers, Snow, and Hydrology in the Himalayan Region”. Mountain Research and Development. International Mountain Society. hdl:2060/20110015312.
Simpson, D.P. (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 изд.). London: Cassell Ltd. стр. 883. ISBN 978-0-304-52257-6.
Bindschadler, R.A.; Scambos, T.A. (1991). „Satellite-image-derived velocity field of an Antarctic ice stream”. Science. 252 (5003): 242—46. Bibcode:1991Sci...252..242B. PMID 17769268. S2CID 17336434. doi:10.1126/science.252.5003.242.
Kaser, Georg; Noggler, Bernd (1991). „Observations on Speke Glacier, Ruwenzori Range, Uganda”. Journal of Glaciology. 37 (127): 313—318. Bibcode:1991JGlac..37..313K. doi:10.1017/S0022143000005736 .
Hastenrath, Stefan (1984). The Glaciers of Equatorial East Africa. Solid Earth Sciences Library. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-277-1572-2.
„East African Highlands | ICCI – International Cryosphere Climate Initiative”. Iccinet.org. Архивирано из оригинала 2014-03-07. г. Приступљено 2014-03-07.
Dr. Sue Ferguson, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. „Types of Glacier”. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Архивирано из оригинала 17. 4. 2010. г. Приступљено 1. 6. 2010.
Office of Polar Programs (OPP) (26. 4. 2010). „The Antarctic Treaty”. The National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia. Архивирано из оригинала 28. 6. 2010. г. Приступљено 1. 6. 2010.
„Bre - NVE”. www.nve.no. Архивирано из оригинала 22. 6. 2017. г. Приступљено 30. 4. 2018.
„Saltfjellet-Svartisen - Norske Naturperler”. naturperler.com. Архивирано из оригинала 22. 4. 2016. г. Приступљено 30. 4. 2018.
White, Sidney E. (2001). „Glaciers of Mexico” (PDF). Glaciers of North America. United States Geological Survey. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 17. 10. 2012. г. Приступљено 8. 7. 2012.
Rignot E., Kanagaratnam P. (2006). „Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet”. Science. 311 (5763): 986—990. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..986R. PMID 16484490. S2CID 22389368. doi:10.1126/science.1121381.
Chinn, Trevor J.H., (1988),Glaciers of New Zealand Архивирано 2008-07-06 на сајту Wayback Machine, in Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world, U.S. Geological Survey professional paper; 1386, ISBN 0-607-71457-3.
Chinn, Trevor J.H., (1988), Glaciers of New Zealand, in Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world, U.S. Geological Survey professional paper; 1386, ISBN 0-607-71457-3.
Rodríguez, Jeanfreddy Gutiérrez and María Fernanda (2019-01-15). „Watching Venezuela's Last Glacier Disappear”. The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Приступљено 2019-01-27.
„NASA – Earth's Non-polar Glaciers and Ice Caps”. www.nasa.gov. Архивирано из оригинала 23. 5. 2017. г. Приступљено 30. 4. 2018.
Dinesh Kumar (13. 4. 2014). „30 Years of the World's Coldest War”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Архивирано из оригинала 17. 4. 2014. г. Приступљено 18. 4. 2014.

Spoljašnje veze

„USGS Glossary of Selected Glacier and Related Terminology”. ulcan.wr.usgs.gov.
„Description of Ice Streams”. British Antarctic Survey. Архивирано из оригинала 11. 2. 2009. г. Приступљено 26. 1. 2009.

[Harwood_Moody-1] Шаблон:Cite q

[2] Kumar Verma, Ashok (2014). „Recrystallization of Ice”. Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. стр. 932. ISBN 978-90-481-2641-5. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_439.

[3] Cuffey, Kurt M.; Paterson, W. S. B. (3. 5. 2010). The Physics of Glaciers (Fourth изд.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0123694614. LCCN 2009050362.

[mapcarta1-4] „DanielBruun Firn”. Mapcarta. Приступљено 31. 5. 2019.

[mapcarta2-5] „Dreyer Firn”. Mapcarta. Приступљено 31. 5. 2019.

[kincaid-6] а ^б Kincaid, Joni L.; Andrew G Klein (2004). „Retreat of the Irian Jaya Glaciers from 2000 to 2002” (pdf). 61st Eastern Snow Conference. стр. 147—157. Приступљено 2011-11-03.

[hansen-7] Kathryn Hansen, Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long, at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018

[8] McDowell, Robin (1. 7. 2010). „Indonesia’s Last Glacier Will Melt ‘Within Years’”. Jakarta Globe. Приступљено 2011-11-03.

[9] „Papua Glacier’s Secrets Dripping Away: Scientists”. Jakarta Globe. 2. 7. 2010. Приступљено 2011-11-03.

[10] Sven Hedin Firn, Army Map Service, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Greenland 1:250,000

[11] McDowell, Robin (1. 7. 2010). „Indonesia's Last Glacier Will Melt 'Within Years'”. Jakarta Globe. Приступљено 2011-10-23.

[12] „Papua Glacier's Secrets Dripping Away: Scientists”. Jakarta Globe. 2. 7. 2010. Приступљено 2011-10-23.

[13] Kathryn Hansen, Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long, at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018

[Hobbs-14] Hobbs, Peter V. (2010). Ice Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. стр. 856. ISBN 978-0199587711.

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@@ Ред 2: / Ред 2: @@
 [[File:Firn field on the top of Säuleck.jpg|thumb|right|Polja firna povrh [[Säuleck|Seuleka]], [[Hohe Tauern|Visoki Tauern]]]]
-'''Firn''' (od [[Swiss German|švajcarske]] nemačke reči -{''firn''}- sa značenjem „lanski”, srodno sa ''pre'') posebno je zbijen oblik snega. Ovaj tip [[sneg]]a je preostao od prošlih sezona i bio je [[Recrystallization (chemistry)|rekristalizovan]] u supstancu gušću od ''neve''. To je [[led]] koji je u srednjoj fazi između snega i ledenjačkog leda. Firn ima izgled vlažnog šećera, ali ima tvrdoću koja ga čini izuzetno otpornim na lopatanje. Njegova gustina se uglavnom kreće od 0,4 -{g/cm}-<sup>3</sup> do 0,83 -{g/cm}-<sup>3</sup>,<ref>{{cite book|last=Cuffey|first=Kurt M.|title=The Physics of Glaciers|last2=Paterson|first2=W. S. B.|publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0123694614 |edition=Fourth |date=3. 5. 2010|lccn=2009050362|author-link2=Stan Paterson}}</ref> i često se može naći ispod snega koji se akumulira na vrhu [[glečer]]a.
+'''Firn''' (od [[Swiss German|švajcarske]] nemačke reči -{''firn''}- sa značenjem „lanski”, srodno sa ''pre'') posebno je zbijen oblik snega. Ovaj tip [[sneg]]a je preostao od prošlih sezona i bio je [[Recrystallization (chemistry)|rekristalizovan]]<ref name="Harwood_Moody">{{cite q|Q107313989|first1=Laurence M. |last1=Harwood |first2=Christopher J. | last2=Moody| url=https://archive.org/details/experimentalorga00harw | url-access=registration | access-date=2021-06-22 | via = [[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kumar Verma|first=Ashok|title=Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers|date=2014|chapter=Recrystallization of Ice|series=Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series|page=932|doi=10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_439|isbn=978-90-481-2641-5|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-90-481-2642-2_439}}</ref> u supstancu gušću od ''neve''. To je [[led]] koji je u srednjoj fazi između snega i ledenjačkog leda. Firn ima izgled vlažnog šećera, ali ima tvrdoću koja ga čini izuzetno otpornim na lopatanje. Njegova gustina se uglavnom kreće od 0,4 -{g/cm}-<sup>3</sup> do 0,83 -{g/cm}-<sup>3</sup>,<ref>{{cite book|last=Cuffey|first=Kurt M.|title=The Physics of Glaciers|last2=Paterson|first2=W. S. B.|publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0123694614 |edition=Fourth |date=3. 5. 2010|lccn=2009050362|author-link2=Stan Paterson}}</ref> i često se može naći ispod snega koji se akumulira na vrhu [[glečer]]a.
 [[Snowflake|Pahuljice]] se sabijaju pod težinom nadkrivajućeg [[snowpack|snežnog]] pokrivača. Pojedinačni [[kristal]]i u blizini tačke topljenja su polutečni i klizavi, što im omogućava da klize duž drugih kristalnih ravni i da ispunjavaju prostore između njih, povećavajući gustinu leda. Tamo gde se kristali dodiruju, oni se vezuju, istiskujući vazduh između sebe na površinu ili u mehuriće.
@@ Ред 12: / Ред 12: @@
 * [[Daniel Bruun Firn|Daniel Brunov firn]]<ref name="mapcarta1">{{cite web|url=https://mapcarta.com/19193824|title=DanielBruun Firn|work=Mapcarta|accessdate=31. 5. 2019}}</ref>
 * [[Dreyer Firn|Drajerov firn]]<ref name="mapcarta2">{{cite web|url=https://mapcarta.com/19193686|title=Dreyer Firn|work=Mapcarta|accessdate=31. 5. 2019}}</ref>
+* [[East Northwall Firn|Ist Nortvol firn]]<ref name=kincaid>{{cite web|last=Kincaid|first=Joni L.|title=Retreat of the Irian Jaya Glaciers from 2000 to 2002|url=http://www.easternsnow.org/proceedings/2004/kincaid_and_klein.pdf#search='meren%20glacier'|work=61st Eastern Snow Conference|accessdate=2011-11-03|author2=Andrew G Klein|pages=147–157|format=pdf|year=2004}}</ref><ref name=hansen>Kathryn Hansen, [https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91716/glaciers-in-the-tropics-but-not-for-long Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long], at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McDowell|first=Robin|title=Indonesia’s Last Glacier Will Melt ‘Within Years’|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesias-last-glacier-will-melt-within-years/383607|accessdate=2011-11-03|newspaper=Jakarta Globe|date=July 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Papua Glacier’s Secrets Dripping Away: Scientists|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/papua-glaciers-secrets-dripping-away-scientists/383881|accessdate=2011-11-03|newspaper=Jakarta Globe|date=July 2, 2010}}</ref>
-* [[East Northwall Firn|Ist Nortvol firn]]
 * [[Rink Firn|Ring firn]]
 * [[Sven Hedin Firn|Sven Hedin firn]]<ref>''Sven Hedin Firn'', [[Army Map Service]], [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]], Greenland 1:250,000</ref>
+* [[West Northwall Firn|Vest Nortvol firn]]<ref name=kincaid/><ref>{{cite news|last=McDowell|first=Robin|title=Indonesia's Last Glacier Will Melt 'Within Years'|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesias-last-glacier-will-melt-within-years/383607|accessdate=2011-10-23|newspaper=Jakarta Globe|date=July 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Papua Glacier's Secrets Dripping Away: Scientists|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/papua-glaciers-secrets-dripping-away-scientists/383881|accessdate=2011-10-23|newspaper=Jakarta Globe|date=July 2, 2010}}</ref><ref>Kathryn Hansen, [https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91716/glaciers-in-the-tropics-but-not-for-long Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long], at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018</ref>
-* [[West Northwall Firn|Vest Nortvol firn]]
 {{div col end}}
 == Druge upotrebe ==
-U kolokvijalnom i tehničkom jeziku, 'firn' se koristi za opisivanje određenih oblika [[Snow#By age|starog snega]]:
+U kolokvijalnom i tehničkom jeziku, 'firn' se koristi za opisivanje određenih oblika [[Snow#By age|starog snega]]:<ref name="Hobbs">
+{{cite book
+ | last = Hobbs
+ | first = Peter V.
+ | title = Ice Physics
+ | publisher = Oxford University Press
+ | date = 2010
+ | location = Oxford
+ | pages = 856
+ | isbn = 978-0199587711 }}</ref>
 * Stara snežna polja ili [[névé|neve]] (''Firnfelder''), čak i ako sneg još nije star godinu dana
 * noviji snežni slojevi glečera ('firnirani' lednik)
@@ Ред 50: / Ред 59: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Simpson |first=D.P. |title=Cassell's Latin Dictionary |publisher=Cassell Ltd. |year=1979 |edition=5 |location=London |page=883 |isbn=978-0-304-52257-6}}
 * {{Cite journal |last1=Bindschadler |first1=R.A. |first2=T.A. |last2=Scambos |s2cid=17336434 |title=Satellite-image-derived velocity field of an Antarctic ice stream |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=252 |issue=5003 |pages=242–46 |year=1991 |doi=10.1126/science.252.5003.242 |pmid=17769268|bibcode=1991Sci...252..242B }}
+* {{cite journal | last = Kaser | first = Georg |author2=Noggler, Bernd  | title = Observations on Speke Glacier, Ruwenzori Range, Uganda | journal = Journal of Glaciology | volume = 37 | issue = 127 | pages = 313–318 | date = 1991 | bibcode = 1991JGlac..37..313K | doi =10.1017/S0022143000005736| doi-access = free }}
+*{{cite book   | last = Hastenrath   | first = Stefan   | title = The Glaciers of Equatorial East Africa   | series = Solid Earth Sciences Library   | publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishers   | date = 1984   | isbn = 978-90-277-1572-2   | url-access = registration   | url = https://archive.org/details/glaciersofequato0000hast }}
+* {{cite web |url=http://iccinet.org/east-african-highlands |title=East African Highlands &#124; ICCI – International Cryosphere Climate Initiative |publisher=Iccinet.org |access-date=2014-03-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307183400/http://iccinet.org/east-african-highlands |archive-date=2014-03-07 }}
+* {{cite web |author=Dr. Sue Ferguson, [[United States Department of Agriculture]] Forest Service  |url=http://www.nsidc.org/glaciers/questions/types.html |title=Types of Glacier |publisher=[[National Snow and Ice Data Center]] |location=[[University of Colorado at Boulder|University of Colorado]], Boulder, Colorado |access-date=1 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417222017/http://nsidc.org/glaciers/questions/types.html |archive-date=17 April 2010 }}
+* {{cite web |author = Office of Polar Programs (OPP) |date = 26 April 2010 |url = https://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/antarct/anttrty.jsp |title = The Antarctic Treaty |publisher = The [[National Science Foundation]], Arlington, Virginia |access-date  = 1 June 2010 |url-status = live |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100628122328/http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/antarct/anttrty.jsp |archive-date = 28 June 2010 }}
+* {{cite web|url=https://www.nve.no/hydrologi/bre/|title=Bre - NVE|website=www.nve.no|access-date=30 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622213011/https://www.nve.no/hydrologi/bre/|archive-date=22 June 2017}}
+* {{cite web|url=http://naturperler.com/default.asp?pageid=5906|title=Saltfjellet-Svartisen - Norske Naturperler|website=naturperler.com|access-date=30 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422025120/http://naturperler.com/default.asp?pageid=5906|archive-date=22 April 2016}}
+* {{cite web|last=White|first=Sidney E.|title=Glaciers of Mexico|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386j/mexico/mexico-lores.pdf|work=Glaciers of North America|publisher=United States Geological Survey|access-date=July 8, 2012|date=2001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017213832/http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386j/mexico/mexico-lores.pdf|archive-date=October 17, 2012}}
+* {{cite journal |author=Rignot E., Kanagaratnam P. |title=Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=311 |pages=986–990 |date=2006 |doi=10.1126/science.1121381 |pmid=16484490 |issue=5763|bibcode=2006Sci...311..986R |s2cid=22389368 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7f48j474}}
+* Chinn, Trevor J.H., (1988),[http://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1386h/nzealand/nzealand.html Glaciers of New Zealand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706135734/http://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1386h/nzealand/nzealand.html |date=2008-07-06 }}, in ''Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world'', U.S. Geological Survey professional paper; 1386, {{ISBN|0-607-71457-3}}.
+* Chinn, Trevor J.H., (1988), [http://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1386h/nzealand/nzealand.html Glaciers of New Zealand], in ''Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world'', U.S. Geological Survey professional paper; 1386, {{ISBN|0-607-71457-3}}.
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