Čola carstvo

Karta Čola carstva na vrhuncu moći 1050. god

Istorija Južne Azije Istorija Indije
Kameno doba	70.000–7000. p. n. e.
Kultura Mergar	7000–3300. p. n. e.
Civilizacija doline Inda	3.300.–1700. p. n. e.
Kasna Harapa kultura	1700.–1300. p. n. e..
Vedska civilizacija	1500.–500. p. n. e.
· Kraljevstva antičke Indije	· 1200.–700. p. n. e.
Mahadžanapadi	700.–300. p. n. e.
Carstvo Magada	684.–26. p. n. e.
· Maurijsko carstvo	· 321.–184. p. n. e.
Srednja kraljevstva Indije	230. p. n. e.–1279. nove ere
· Satavahana carstvo	· 230. p. n. e.–199. nove ere
· Kušansko carstvo	· 60.–240. nove ere
· Gupta carstvo	· 240.–550.
· Čola carstvo	· 848.–1279.
Islamski sultanati u Indiji	1210.–1596.
· Delhijski sultanat	· 1206.–1526.
· Dekanski sultanati	· 1490.–1596.
Hojsala carstvo	1040.–1346.
Vidžajanagarsko carstvo	1336.–1565.
Mogulsko carstvo	1526.–1707.
Marata carstvo	1674.–1818.
Kolonijalna Indija	1757.–1947.
Podela Indije	1947.–
Istorije država Republika Indija · Pakistan · Bangladeš Šri Lanka · Nepal · Butan · Maldivi
Regionalne istorije Pendžab · Južna Indija · Tamil Nadu · Bengal · Asam Pakistanski regioni · Sind · Tibet

Dinastija Čola (tam. சோழர் /ˈt͡ʃoːɻə/) bila je dinastija tamilskih vladara iz južne Indije, koja se smatra jednom od najdugovečnijih u istoriji. Neka od tumačenja njen početak povezuju s natpisima koje je još u 3. veku p. n. e. ostavio Ašoka, vladar Maurijskog carstva; kraj dinastije, koja je vladala različitim teritorijama, je u 13. veku.

Središte Čola je bila plodna dolina reke Kaveri; status velesile su uživali od druge polovine 9. do početka 13. veka. Pod njihovom vlašću je skoro dva veka bilo ujedinjeno područje južno od Tungabadre. Dinastija je pod Radžaradžom Čolom I i njegovim sinom Radžendrom Čolom I stekla status vojne, ekonomske i kulturne sile ne samo na prostoru Južne nego i Jugoistočne Azije. Radžendra Čola je status velikog vladara stekao vojnim pohodima na sever, koji su doprli sve do Gangesa, kao i uništenjem dotadašnje pomorske sile Šrividžaja, te brojnim izaslanstvima koje je slao na kineski dvor.

Od oko 1010 do 1200. teritorija Čola se pružala od Maldiva na jugu pa sve do reke Godavari u današnjoj državi Andra Pradeš. Radžaradža Čola je osim cele Južne Indije, osvojio delove današnje Šri Lanke te osvojio Maldive. Radžendra Čola je prilikom pohoda na Gangeš uspeo poraziti Mahipalu, vladara Pala Carstva. Takođe je uspešno napao države Malajskog arhipelaga. Dinastija Čola je počela slabiti s usponom dinastije Pandidža početkom 13. veka, koja je konačno dovela do njenog završetka.

Čola vladari su, s druge strane, ostali upamćeni po pokroviteljstvu nad tamilskom književnošću kao i gradnjom brojnih hramova. Bili su poznati i po tome što su hramove koristili i za ekonomske aktivnosti, kao i specifičnom obliku državne uprave.

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Spoljašnje veze

• UNESCO World Heritage sites – Chola temples
• Art of Cholas
• Chola coins Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (17. jun 2011)
• Chola coins of Sri Lanka Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (4. mart 2016)
• Devotion in South India: Chola Bronzes, Asia Society Museum exhibition