Religija u Izraelu
Religija u Izraelu se prvenstveno manifestuje kroz pripadnost judaizmu, etničkoj religiji jevrejskog naroda. Država Izrael sebe opisuje kao „jevrejsku i demokratsku državu“ i jedina je zemlja na svetu sa većinskim jevrejskim stanovništvom.[2] Ostale vere u zemlji uključuju islam (pretežno suniti), hrišćanstvo (uglavnom melkite i pravoslavce) i religiju naroda Druza.
Religija igra centralnu ulogu u nacionalnom i građanskom životu, a skoro svi građani Izraela su automatski registrovani kao članovi 14 zvaničnih verskih zajednica u državi, koje vrše kontrolu nad nekoliko pitanja ličnog statusa, posebno braka. Ove priznate zajednice su ortodoksni judaizam (kojim upravlja Glavni rabinat), islam, vera naroda Druza, Katolička crkva (uključujući Latinsku crkvu, Jermensku katoličku crkvu, Maronitsku crkvu, Melkitsku grkokatoličku crkvu, Sirijsku katoličku crkvu i Haldejsku katoličku crkvu), Grčka pravoslavna crkva, Sirijska pravoslavna crkva, Jermenska apostolska crkva, anglikanstvo i Bahai vera.[3]
Verska pripadnost izraelskog stanovništva od 2022. godine bila je 73,6% Jevreja, 18,1% muslimana, 1,9% hrišćana i 1,6% Druza. Preostalih 4,8% uključivalo je vere kao što su Samaritanizam i Bahai, kao i „religijski neopredeljene“.[4] Dok su svi Jevreji Izraelci tehnički pod jurisdikcijom državnog ortodosknog rabinata,[5] lični stavovi se veoma razlikuju, od ekstremne ortodoksnosti do nereligije i ateizma. Jevreji u Izraelu se uglavnom klasifikuju duž četvorostruke ose, od najmanje do najpažljivije, hiloni (sekularni); masorti (tradicionalisti); dati (ortodoksni, uključujući religiozne cioniste); i haredi (ili „ultraortodoksni).[6][7]
Izraelski zakon garantuje značajne privilegije i slobodu praktikovanja priznatim zajednicama,[8][9] ali to ne predviđa nužno i za druge vere. Pew Research Center identifikovao je Izrael kao jednu od zemalja koje postavljaju „visoka ograničenja“ na slobodno ispoljavanje vere[10] i postavljena su ograničenja za neortodoksne jevrejske verske pokrete, koji su nepriznati.[11][12] Pew je 2019. rangirao Izrael kao peto mesto u svetu po pitanju „međureligijskih tenzija i nasilja“.[13]
Izvori[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ „Israel's Religiously Divided Society”. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 8. 3. 2016. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2020.
- ^ Beit-Hallahmi 2011, str. 385.
- ^ Sheetrit, Shimon (20. 8. 2001). „Freedom of Religion in Israel”. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 2. 2013. g. Pristupljeno 26. 10. 2008.
- ^ „Table 2.1 — Population, by Religion and Population. As of may 2011 estimate the population was 76.0 Jewish. Group”. Statistical Abstract of Israel 2006 (No. 57). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2006. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 14. 9. 2012. g.
- ^ Karesh & Hurvitz 2005, str. 237.
- ^ Beit-Hallahmi 2011, str. 386.
- ^ Kedem, Peri (2017) [1995]. „Demensions of Jewish Religiosity”. Ur.: Deshen, Shlomo; Liebman, Charles S.; Shokeid, Moshe. Israeli Judaism: The Sociology of Religion in Israel. Studies of Israeli Society, 7 (Reprint izd.). London; New York: Routledge. str. 33—62. ISBN 978-1-56000-178-2.
- ^ „People: Religious Freedom”. mfa.gov.il. Pristupljeno 2021-04-27.
- ^ „Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty”.
- ^ „Global Restrictions on Religion (Full report)” (PDF). The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. decembar 2009. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 3. 3. 2016. g. Pristupljeno 12. 9. 2013.
- ^ „"U.S. Department of State: 2012 Report on International Religious Freedom: Israel and The Occupied Territories (May 20, 2013)"”.
- ^ „ISRAEL 2017 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT”. United States Department of Justice. Pristupljeno 27. 4. 2021.
- ^ "Israel Has Almost as Many Religious Restrictions as Iran, Pew Report Finds".
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