Tajski jezik

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tajski
ภาษาไทย
Govori se u Tajland
 Kambodža
 ASEAN[1]
Regionjugoistočna Azija
Broj govornika
20 miliona
Ukupno: oko 60 miliona kao drugi jezik (nedostaje datum)
tajsko pismo
Zvanični status
Službeni jezik u
 Tajland
RegulišeTajlandski kraljevski institut
Jezički kodovi
ISO 639-1th
ISO 639-2tha
ISO 639-3tha
Rasprostranjenost tajskog jezika
Izvorni govornik tajlandskog jezika, snimljen u Bankoku.

Tajski[a] ili sijamski jezik,[b] ili jezik taj, poznat i kao tajlandski jezik (ภาษาไทย) – najpoznatiji je jezik iz grupe taj-kadajskih jezika.[v] Govori ga preko 60 miliona ljudi na Tajlandu[2][3] i u okolnim zemljama. To je jezik najveće etničke grupe Tajlanda, naroda Taj, i zvanični je jezik države. Tajlandski se od preko 60 jezika na Tajlandu najviše govori po broju maternjih govornika i sveukupno. Preko polovine njegovog rečnika potiče ili je pozajmljeno iz palija, sanskrita, mona[4] i starih Kmera. To je tonalni i analitički jezik, sličan kineskom i vijetnamskom.

Rečnik tajskog jezika bogat je rečima preuzetim iz jezika pali, sanskrita i starog kmerskog jezika. To je tonski i analitički jezik. Govornici tajsko i laoskog jezika se međusobno razumeju, jer ovi jezici dele više od polovine fonda reči, gramatiku, intonaciju i samoglasnike.

Tajski jezik se zapisuje tajskim pismom koje je izvedeno iz kmerskog pisma. Ono pripada vrsti pisma tipa abugida. Tajlandsko pismo je adaptirano tako da može da zapiše tonske akcente tajskog jezika. Ima 44 slova za suglasnike (21 fonema). Samoglasnici i diftonzi se zapisuju pomoću 15 simbola koji su dodatak suglasnicima (iznad, ispod ili pored). Tu su još 4 grafeme kojima se označavaju akcenti.

Tajski ima složen pravopis i sistem relacionih markera. Govorni tajski, u zavisnosti od standardnih sociolingvističkih faktora, kao što su starost, pol, klasa, prostorna blizina i podela između grada i sela, delimično je međusobno razumljiv sa laoškim, isanskim i nekim drugim jugozapadnim tajskim jezicima. Ovi jezici se pišu malo drugačijim pismom, ali su lingvistički slični i efektivno čine dijalekatski kontinuum.[5]

Kao dominantni jezik u svim aspektima društva na Tajlandu, tajski je u početku doživeo postepeno, a kasnije i široko rasprostranjeno usvajanje kao drugi jezik među manjinskim etničkim grupama u zemlji od osnivanja Ratanakosinskog kraljevstva krajem 18. veka. Etničke manjine danas su pretežno dvojezične i govore tajlandski jezik pored maternjeg jezika ili dijalekta.

Primer teksta[uredi | uredi izvor]

Član 1 Univerzalne deklaracije o ljudskim pravima 

''เราทุกคนเกิดมาอย่างอิสระ เราทุกคนมีความคิดและความเข้าใจเป็นของเราเอง 
เราทุกคนควรได้รับการปฏิบัติในทางเดียวกัน.''

Napomene[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ In Thai: ภาษาไทย Phasa Thai
  2. ^ Although "Thai" and "Central Thai" has become more common, the older term "Siamese" is still used by linguists, especially to distinguish it from other Tai languages (Diller 2008:6). "Proto-Thai", for example, is the ancestor of all of Southwestern Tai, not just of Siamese (Rischel 1998.
  3. ^ Occasionally referred to as the "Central Thai people" in linguistics and anthropology to avoid confusion.

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ „Languages of ASEAN”. Pristupljeno 7. 8. 2017. 
  2. ^ Diller, A.; Reynolds, Craig J. (2002). „What makes central Thai a national language?”. Ur.: Reynolds. National identity and its defenders : Thailand today. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974-7551-88-8. OCLC 54373362. 
  3. ^ Draper, John (2019), „Language education policy in Thailand”, The Routledge International Handbook of Language Education Policy in Asia, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, str. 229—242, ISBN 978-1-315-66623-5, doi:10.4324/9781315666235-16 
  4. ^ Baker, Christopher (2014). A history of Thailand. Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press. str. 3–4. ISBN 9781316007334. 
  5. ^ Enfield, N.J. „How to define 'Lao', 'Thai', and 'Isan' language? A view from linguistic science”. Tai Culture. 3 (1): 62—67. 

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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Tajski jezik na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Tajski jezik na Vikipediji.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Тајски_језик&oldid=27554756”