Инжењеринг софтвера

Инжењеринг софтвера је поддисциплина рачунарства, настала као потреба за проналажење рјешења све више сложенијих, обимнијих и структурно компликованијих инжењерских задатака, приликом дизајна, имплементације и одржавања софтвера (рачунарских програма), која често захтијевају тимове програмера различитих профила и специјализације, као и вријеме које се све чешће мјери годинама. Развој сложених софтверских рјешења, као што је на примјер, оперативни систем, се третира као инжењерски подухват са сличним потешкоћама као што је изградња неког архитектонског објекта, али и са сличним пажљивим планирањем израде, али и планирањем одржавања крајњег софтверског производа.

Процес инжењеринга софтвера се обично састоји из више фаза, дефинисаних на различите начине, али у основи уопштено сљедећих:

1. идентификовање и анализа потреба и захтјева корисника,
2. анализа, дизајн и развој спецификација система (хардвера и софтвера),
3. дизајн софтвера (који се обично састоји од више међусобно повезаних задатака, као што је на примјер, дизајн одговарајућих алгоритама, корисничког интерфејса, итд.),
4. имплементација (писање кода и неопходне документације за софтвер),
5. тестирање софтверског рјешења у реалном окружење, и на крају
6. одржавање софтвера.

Историја

Главни чланак: Историја софтверског инжењерства

Beginning in the 1960s, software engineering was seen as its own type of engineering. Additionally, the development of software engineering was seen as a struggle. It was difficult to keep up with the hardware which caused many problems for software engineers. Problems included software that was over budget, exceeded deadlines, required extensive de-bugging and maintenance, and unsuccessfully met the needs of consumers or was never even completed. In 1968 NATO held the first Software Engineering conference where issues related to software were addressed: guidelines and best practices for the development of software were established.

The origins of the term "software engineering" have been attributed to various sources. The term "software engineering" appeared in a list of services offered by companies in the June 1965 issue of COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION and was used more formally in the August 1966 issue of Communications of the ACM (Volume 9, number 8) “letter to the ACM membership” by the ACM President Anthony A. Oettinger, it is also associated with the title of a NATO conference in 1968 by Professor Friedrich L. Bauer, the first conference on software engineering. Independently, Margaret Hamilton named the discipline "software engineering" during the Apollo missions to give what they were doing legitimacy. At the time there was perceived to be a "software crisis". The 40th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2018) celebrates 50 years of "Software Engineering" with the Plenary Sessions' keynotes of Frederick Brooks and Margaret Hamilton.

In 1984, the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) was established as a federally funded research and development center headquartered on the campus of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Watts Humphrey founded the SEI Software Process Program, aimed at understanding and managing the software engineering process. The Process Maturity Levels introduced would become the Capability Maturity Model Integration for Development(CMMI-DEV), which has defined how the US Government evaluates the abilities of a software development team.

Modern, generally accepted best-practices for software engineering have been collected by the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 subcommittee and published as the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). Software engineering is considered one of major computing disciplines.

Литература

• Abran, Alain; Moore, James W.; Bourque, Pierre; Dupuis, Robert; Tripp, Leonard L. (2004). Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge. IEEE. ISBN 978-0-7695-2330-9. 
• Sommerville, Ian (2008). Software Engineering (7 изд.). Pearson Education. ISBN 978-81-7758-530-8. Приступљено 10. 1. 2013. 
• Ghezzi, Carlo; Mehdi Jazayeri, Dino Mandrioli (2003) [1991]. Fundamentals of Software Engineering (2nd (International) изд.). Pearson Education @ Prentice-Hall. 
• Jalote, Pankaj (2005) [1991]. An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering (3rd изд.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-20881-7. 
• Pressman, Roger S (2005). Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach (6th изд.). Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-285318-6. 
• Sommerville, Ian (2007) [1982]. Software Engineering (8th изд.). Harlow, England: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-321-31379-9. 
• Bruegge, Bernd; Dutoit, Allen (2009). Object-oriented software engineering : using UML, patterns, and Java (3rd изд.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-606125-0. 
• Oshana, Robert (2019-06-21). Software engineering for embedded systems : methods, practical techniques, and applications (Second изд.). Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-0-12-809433-4. 
• About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design by Alan Cooper, about user interface design. ISBN 0-7645-2641-3
• The Capability Maturity Model by Watts Humphrey. Written for the Software Engineering Institute, emphasizing management and process. (See Managing the Software Process ISBN 0-201-18095-2)
• The Cathedral and the Bazaar by Eric Raymond about open source development.
• The Decline and Fall of the American Programmer by Ed Yourdon predicts the end of software development in the U.S. ISBN 0-13-191958-X
• Design Patterns by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. ISBN 0-201-63361-2
• Extreme Programming Explained by Kent Beck ISBN 0-321-27865-8
• "Go To Statement Considered Harmful" by Edsger Dijkstra.
• "Internet, Innovation and Open Source:Actors in the Network" — First Monday article by Ilkka Tuomi (2000) source
• The Mythical Man-Month by Fred Brooks, about project management. ISBN 0-201-83595-9
• Object-oriented Analysis and Design by Grady Booch. ISBN 0-8053-5340-2
• Peopleware by Tom DeMarco and Tim Lister. ISBN 0-932633-43-9
• The pragmatic engineer versus the scientific designer by E. W. Dijkstra [1]
• Principles of Software Engineering Management by Tom Gilb about evolutionary processes. ISBN 0-201-19246-2
• The Psychology of Computer Programming by Gerald Weinberg. Written as an independent consultant, partly about his years at IBM. ISBN 0-932633-42-0
• Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler, Kent Beck, John Brant, William Opdyke, and Don Roberts. ISBN 0-201-48567-2
• The Pragmatic Programmer: from journeyman to master by Andrew Hunt, and David Thomas. ISBN 0-201-61622-X
• Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) ISO/IEC TR 19759
• Laplante, Phillip, ур. (1996). Great papers in computer science. New York: IEEE Press. ISBN 978-0-314-06365-6. 
• Randell, Brian (ed). (1982). The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-11319-3.
• Turning Points in Computing: 1962–1999, Special Issue, IBM Systems Journal, 38 (2/3),1999.
• Yourdon, Edward (ed.) (1979) Classics in Software Engineering. New York: Yourdon Press. ISBN 0-917072-14-6
• — (април 1987). „No Silver Bullet — Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering”. IEEE Computer. 20 (4): 10—19. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.117.315 . S2CID 372277. doi:10.1109/MC.1987.1663532. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
• Wilkinson, J. H.; Reinsch, C. (1971). Linear algebra, volume II of Handbook for Automatic Computation. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-05414-8. 
• Golub, Gene H.; van Loan, Charles F. (1996) [1983], Matrix Computations, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-5414-9 
• Rabiner, Lawrence R. (1989). „A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition”. Proceedings of the IEEE. 77 (2): 257—286. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.381.3454 . doi:10.1109/5.18626. 
• Brill, Eric (1995). „Transformation-based error-driven learning and natural language processing: A case study in part-of-speech tagging”. Computational Linguistics. 21 (4): 543—566. 

Спољашње везе

• Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge
• Computer Software Engineers Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (27. март 2010) - Definition and statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
• A Student's Guide to Software Engineering Projects - a free online guide for students taking SE project courses
• The Open Systems Engineering and Software Development Life Cycle Framework OpenSDLC.org the integrated Creative Commons SDLC
• Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon