Тигар — разлика између измена

Тигар; Временски распон: 0,781−0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ касни плеистоцен до данас
Статус угрожености
	; Угрожен (IUCN 3.1)
Научна класификација
Домен:	Eukaryota
Царство:	Animalia
Тип:	Chordata
Класа:	Mammalia
Ред:	Carnivora
Подред:	Feliformia
Породица:	Felidae
Род:	Panthera
Врста:	P. tigris
Биномно име
	Panthera tigris; Linnaeus, 1758
Подврсте
	Списак подврста: Panthera tigris sondaica ; Panthera tigris tigris ; †Panthera tigris acutidens ; †Panthera tigris soloensis ; †Panthera tigris trinilensis ;
	Распрострањеност подврста Panthera tigris tigris и Panthera tigris sondaica историјска распрострањеност подврста 1850. године распрострањеност подврста 2006. године
Синоними
	Синоними врсте: Felis tigris ; Tigris regalis (Gray, 1867) ; Tigris striatus (Severtzov, 1858) ;

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Верзија на датум 29. мај 2022. у 05:27

Тигар (лат. Panthera tigris) је сисар из породице мачака (Felidae) и један од четири врсте „великих мачака“ рода пантера (Panthera). Он је врхунски предатор и највећа жива мачка на свету. У бројним историјским митовима источњачких земаља тигар је краљ свих звери. ^[3] Бенгалски тигар је најпознатија подврста и сачињава приближно 80% укупне популације тигрова. Живи у Бангладешу, Бутану, Мјанмару, Непалу и Индији. Као угрожене врсте, већина светских тигрова данас живи у заточеништву људи.

Физичке особине

Иако се свака подврста разликује, генерално, мужјаци тигрова теже између 120 и 250 килограма, а женке између 90 и 150 килограма. Просечно мужјаци су дугачки између 2,4 и 3,2 m, док су женке између 2,1 и 2,75 m дугачке. Суматрански тигрови су најмањи од свих тигрова, док су сибирски тигрови највећи.

Угроженост

Почетком 19. века постојало је 100.000 тигрова. Данас се тај број значајно променио. У свету живи негде између 5.000 и 7.000 тигрова. Најугроженији је јужнокинески тигар. У Кини је 2019. у заточеништву живело 150 јужнокинеских тигрова, од којих је 144 било део програма узгоја „Кинеског удружења зоолошких вртова”.^[4] Претеран криволов, уништавање станишта, итд. довело је тигра на границу опстанка.

Таксономија

In 1758, Carl Linnaeus described the tiger in his work Systema Naturae and gave it the scientific name Felis tigris.^[5] In 1929, the British taxonomist Reginald Innes Pocock subordinated the species under the genus Panthera using the scientific name Panthera tigris.^[6]^[7]

Подврсте

Following Linnaeus's first descriptions of the species, several tiger specimens were described and proposed as subspecies.^[8] The validity of several tiger subspecies was questioned in 1999. Most putative subspecies described in the 19th and 20th centuries were distinguished on basis of fur length and colouration, striping patterns and body size, hence characteristics that vary widely within populations. Morphologically, tigers from different regions vary little, and gene flow between populations in those regions is considered to have been possible during the Pleistocene. Therefore, it was proposed to recognize only two tiger subspecies as valid, namely P. t. tigris in mainland Asia, and P. t. sondaica in the Greater Sunda Islands.^[9]

Results of craniological analysis of 111 tiger skulls from Southeast Asian range countries indicate that Sumatran tiger skulls differ from Indochinese and Javan tiger skulls, whereas Bali tiger skulls are similar in size to Javan tiger skulls. The authors proposed to classify the Sumatran and Javan tigers as distinct species, P. sumatrae and P. sondaica, with the Bali tiger as subspecies P. sondaica balica.^[10]

In 2015, morphological, ecological, and molecular traits of all putative tiger subspecies were analysed in a combined approach. Results support distinction of the two evolutionary groups continental and Sunda tigers. The authors proposed recognition of only two subspecies, namely P. t. tigris comprising the Bengal, Malayan, Indochinese, South Chinese, Siberian and Caspian tiger populations, and P. t. sondaica comprising the Javan, Bali and Sumatran tiger populations. The authors also noted that this reclassification will affect tiger conservation management. The nominate subspecies P. t. tigris constitutes two clades:^[11]

a northern clade composed of the Siberian and Caspian tiger populations
a southern clade composed of all other mainland populations.

One conservation specialist welcomed this proposal as it would make captive breeding programmes and future rewilding of zoo-born tigers easier. One geneticist was sceptical of this study and maintained that the currently recognised nine subspecies can be distinguished genetically.^[12]

In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and recognized the tiger populations in continental Asia as P. t. tigris, and those in the Sunda Islands as P. t. sondaica.^[13] This two-subspecies view has been largely rejected by researchers. Results of a 2018 whole-genome sequencing of 32 specimens support six monophyletic tiger clades corresponding with the living subspecies and indicate that the most recent common ancestor lived about 110,000 years ago.^[14]

Подврсте

Постоји осам подврста тигра:

Изумрле подврсте:

Еволуција

Филогенија

Pantherinae

Neofelis

	Neofelis nebulosa

	Neofelis diardi

Panthera

	Panthera uncia

	†Panthera blytheae

†Panthera zdanskyi

†Panthera tigris soloensis

†Panthera tigris acutidens

†Panthera tigris trinilensis

Panthera tigris

	Panthera tigris tigris

	Panthera tigris sondaica

†Panthera palaeosinensis

	Panthera onca

	†Panthera balamoides

	†Panthera gombaszoegensis

Panthera pardus

†Panthera shawi

Panthera leo

†Panthera fossilis

	†Panthera spelaea

	†Panthera atrox

	†Panthera youngi

Референце

^ Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y.; Karanth, U. (2015). „Panthera tigris”. Црвени списак угрожених врста IUCN. IUCN. 2015: e.T15955A50659951. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15955A50659951.en . Приступљено 23. 10. 2018.
^ Dinerstein, E.; Loucks, C.; Wikramanayake, E.; Ginsberg, Jo.; Sanderson, E.; Seidensticker, J.; Forrest, J.; Bryja, G.; Heydlauff, A. (2007). "The Fate of Wild Tigers".
^ Mazák, V. (1981). „Panthera tigris” (PDF). Mammalian Species. 152 (152): 1—8. JSTOR 3504004. doi:10.2307/3504004. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 9. 3. 2012. г.
^ Zhang, Wenping (септембар 2019). „Sorting Out the Genetic Background of the Last Surviving South China Tigers”. Journal of Heredity. 110 (6): 641-651. PMID 31102441. doi:10.1093/jhered/esz034 . Приступљено 14. 4. 2021.
^ Linnaeus, C. (1758). „Felis tigris”. Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (на језику: латински). Tomus I (decima, reformata изд.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. стр. 41.
^ Pocock, R. I. (1929). „Tigers”. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 33 (3): 505—541.
^ Pocock, R. I. (1939). „Panthera tigris”. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia: Volume 1. London: T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd. стр. 197—210.
^ Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). „Species Panthera tigris”. Ур.: Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd изд.). Johns Hopkins University Press. стр. 546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ Kitchener, A. (1999). „Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues”. Ур.: Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. стр. 19—39. ISBN 978-0521648356.
^ Mazák, J. H.; Groves, C. P. (2006). „A taxonomic revision of the tigers (Panthera tigris) of Southeast Asia”. Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 71 (5): 268—287. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007.
^ Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J.; Kitchener, A. C. (2015). „Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation”. Science Advances. 11 (5): e1400175. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0175W. PMC 4640610 . PMID 26601191. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400175.
^ Kupferschmidt, K. (2015). „Controversial study claims there are only two types of tiger”. Science. doi:10.1126/science.aac6905. Приступљено 27. 6. 2015.
^ Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). „A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group” (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11): 66—68.
^ Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O’Brien, S. J.; Luo, S.-J. (2018). „Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers”. Current Biology. 28 (23): 3840—3849. PMID 30482605. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019 .

Литература

Dinerstein, E.; Loucks, C.; Wikramanayake, E.; Ginsberg, Jo.; Sanderson, E.; Seidensticker, J.; Forrest, J.; Bryja, G.; Heydlauff, A. (2007). "The Fate of Wild Tigers" (PDF). BioScience. 57 (6): 508–514. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1641%2FB570608 10.1641/B570608.].
Porter, John Hampden (1894). „The Tiger”. Wild beasts: a study of the characters and habits of the elephant, lion, leopard, panther, jaguar, tiger, puma, wolf, and grizzly bear. New York: C. Scribner's sons. стр. 196—256.
Sankhala, Kailash (1997). Indian Tiger. New Delhi: Roli Books Pvt Limited. ISBN 978-81-7437-088-4.
Marshall, A. (2010). „Tale of the Cat”. Time. Архивирано из оригинала 26. 2. 2010. г.
Millward, A. (2020). „Indian tiger study earns its stripes as one of the world's largest wildlife surveys”. Guinness World Records Limited.
Mohan, V. (2015). „India's tiger population increases by 30% in past three years; country now has 2,226 tigers”. The Times of India.
Schnitzler, A.; Hermann, L. (2019). „Chronological distribution of the tiger Panthera tigris and the Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica in their common range in Asia”. Mammal Review. 49 (4): 340—353. S2CID 202040786. doi:10.1111/mam.12166.
Yonzon, P. (2010). „Is this the last chance to save the tiger?”. The Kathmandu Post. Архивирано из оригинала 9. 11. 2012. г.
Driscoll, C. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Bar-Gal, G. K.; Roca, A. L.; Luo, S.; MacDonald, D. W.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009). „Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger”. PLOS ONE. 4 (1): e4125. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.4125D. PMC 2624500 . PMID 19142238. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004125 .

Спољашње везе

Enchanted Learning Software - All About Tigers
Species portrait Tiger; IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group
Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography for Panthera tigris
Tiger Stamps: Tiger images on postage stamps from many different countries
Year of the tiger Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (8. септембар 2018). Video collection on occasion of the Year of the Tiger, 2010. BBC.
Video clips Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (6. новембар 2010). BBC archive on Wildlife Finder.
"Is this the last chance to save the tiger?". 19 November 2010. Pralad Yonzon. The Kathmandu Post.
Marshall, A. (26. 2. 2010). „Tale of the Cat”. Time.
Mohan, V. „India's tiger population increases by 30% in past three years; country now has 2,226 tigers”. The Times of India.

[IUCN-1] Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y.; Karanth, U. (2015). „Panthera tigris”. Црвени списак угрожених врста IUCN. IUCN. 2015: e.T15955A50659951. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15955A50659951.en . Приступљено 23. 10. 2018.

[dinerstein07-2] Dinerstein, E.; Loucks, C.; Wikramanayake, E.; Ginsberg, Jo.; Sanderson, E.; Seidensticker, J.; Forrest, J.; Bryja, G.; Heydlauff, A. (2007). "The Fate of Wild Tigers".

[Mazak1981-3] Mazák, V. (1981). „Panthera tigris” (PDF). Mammalian Species. 152 (152): 1—8. JSTOR 3504004. doi:10.2307/3504004. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 9. 3. 2012. г.

[4] Zhang, Wenping (септембар 2019). „Sorting Out the Genetic Background of the Last Surviving South China Tigers”. Journal of Heredity. 110 (6): 641-651. PMID 31102441. doi:10.1093/jhered/esz034 . Приступљено 14. 4. 2021.

[Linn1758-5] Linnaeus, C. (1758). „Felis tigris”. Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (на језику: латински). Tomus I (decima, reformata изд.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. стр. 41.

[pocock1929-6] Pocock, R. I. (1929). „Tigers”. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 33 (3): 505—541.

[pocock1939-7] Pocock, R. I. (1939). „Panthera tigris”. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia: Volume 1. London: T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd. стр. 197—210.

[MSW3-8] Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). „Species Panthera tigris”. Ур.: Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd изд.). Johns Hopkins University Press. стр. 546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[Kitchener1999-9] Kitchener, A. (1999). „Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues”. Ур.: Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. стр. 19—39. ISBN 978-0521648356.

[10] Mazák, J. H.; Groves, C. P. (2006). „A taxonomic revision of the tigers (Panthera tigris) of Southeast Asia”. Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 71 (5): 268—287. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007.

[11] Wilting, A.; Courtiol, A.; Christiansen, P.; Niedballa, J.; Scharf, A. K.; Orlando, L.; Balkenhol, N.; Hofer, H.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; Fickel, J.; Kitchener, A. C. (2015). „Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation”. Science Advances. 11 (5): e1400175. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0175W. PMC 4640610 . PMID 26601191. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400175.

[12] Kupferschmidt, K. (2015). „Controversial study claims there are only two types of tiger”. Science. doi:10.1126/science.aac6905. Приступљено 27. 6. 2015.

[catsg-13] Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). „A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group” (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11): 66—68.

[14] Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O’Brien, S. J.; Luo, S.-J. (2018). „Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers”. Current Biology. 28 (23): 3840—3849. PMID 30482605. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019 .

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@@ Ред 40: / Ред 40: @@
 Почетком 19. века постојало је 100.000 тигрова. Данас се тај број значајно променио. У свету живи негде између 5.000 и 7.000 тигрова. Најугроженији је [[јужнокинески тигар]]. У Кини је 2019. у заточеништву живело 150 јужнокинеских тигрова, од којих је 144 било део програма узгоја „Кинеског удружења зоолошких вртова”.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Wenping |title=Sorting Out the Genetic Background of the Last Surviving South China Tigers |journal=Journal of Heredity |date=септембар 2019 |volume=110 |issue=6 |page=641-651 |doi=10.1093/jhered/esz034 |pmid=31102441 |url=https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article/110/6/641/5491532 |access-date=14. 4. 2021. |doi-access=free }}</ref> Претеран криволов, уништавање станишта, итд. довело је тигра на границу опстанка.
-== Подврсте ==
+== Таксономија ==
+{{рут}}
+In 1758, [[Carl Linnaeus]] described the tiger in his work ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' and gave it the [[scientific name]] ''Felis tigris''.<ref name="Linn1758">{{cite book |author=Linnaeus, C. |year=1758 |title=Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |volume=Tomus I |edition=decima, reformata |location=Holmiae |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |page=41 |chapter=''Felis tigris'' |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up |language=la}}</ref> In 1929, the British taxonomist [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] subordinated the species under the genus ''[[Panthera]]'' using the scientific name ''Panthera tigris''.<ref name=pocock1929>{{cite journal |author=Pocock, R. I. |year=1929 |title=Tigers |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=505–541 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb33341929bomb/page/n133}}</ref><ref name=pocock1939>{{cite book |author=Pocock, R. I. |year=1939 |title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia: Volume 1 |location=London |publisher=T. Taylor and Francis, Ltd. |pages=197–210 |chapter=''Panthera tigris'' |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n247/mode/2up}}</ref>
+=== Подврсте  ===
+Following Linnaeus's first descriptions of the species, several tiger [[Zoological specimen|specimens]] were described and proposed as [[subspecies]].<ref name="MSW3">{{MSW3 Carnivora |id=14000259 |page=546 |heading=Species ''Panthera tigris''}}</ref> The [[Valid name (zoology)|validity]] of several tiger subspecies was questioned in 1999. Most putative subspecies described in the 19th and 20th centuries were distinguished on basis of fur length and colouration, striping patterns and body size, hence characteristics that vary widely within populations. [[Morphology (biology)|Morphologically]], tigers from different regions vary little, and [[gene flow]] between populations in those regions is considered to have been possible during the [[Pleistocene]]. Therefore, it was proposed to recognize only two tiger subspecies as valid, namely ''[[Mainland Asian tiger|P. t. tigris]]'' in mainland Asia, and ''[[Sunda Island tiger|P. t. sondaica]]'' in the [[Greater Sunda Islands]].<ref name="Kitchener1999">{{cite book |last=Kitchener |first=A. |date=1999 |chapter=Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbQ8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA19 |editor1-last=Seidensticker |editor1-first=J. |editor2-last=Christie |editor2-first=S. |editor3-last=Jackson |editor3-first=P. |title=Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=19–39 |isbn=978-0521648356}}</ref>
+Results of [[craniology|craniological]] analysis of 111 tiger skulls from Southeast Asian range countries indicate that Sumatran tiger skulls differ from Indochinese and Javan tiger skulls, whereas Bali tiger skulls are similar in size to Javan tiger skulls. The authors proposed to classify the Sumatran and Javan tigers as distinct species, ''P. sumatrae'' and ''P. sondaica'', with the Bali tiger as subspecies ''P. sondaica balica''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mazák |first1=J. H. |last2=Groves |first2=C. P. |date=2006 |title=A taxonomic revision of the tigers (''Panthera tigris'') of Southeast Asia |journal=Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=268–287 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007}}</ref>
+In 2015, morphological, ecological, and molecular traits of all putative tiger subspecies were analysed in a combined approach. Results support distinction of the two evolutionary groups continental and Sunda tigers. The authors proposed recognition of only two subspecies, namely ''P. t. tigris'' comprising the Bengal, Malayan, Indochinese, South Chinese, Siberian and Caspian tiger populations, and ''P. t. sondaica'' comprising the Javan, Bali and Sumatran tiger populations. The authors also noted that this reclassification will affect tiger conservation management. The [[nominate subspecies]] ''P. t. tigris'' constitutes two [[clade]]s:<ref>{{cite journal |title=Planning tiger recovery: Understanding intraspecific variation for effective conservation |last1=Wilting |first1=A. |last2=Courtiol |first2=A. |first3=P. |last3=Christiansen |first4=J. |last4=Niedballa |first5=A. K. |last5=Scharf |first6=L. |last6=Orlando |first7=N. |last7=Balkenhol |first8=H. |last8=Hofer |first9=S.|last9=Kramer-Schadt |first10=J. |last10=Fickel |first11=A. C. |last11=Kitchener |date=2015 |volume=11 |issue=5 |page=e1400175 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1400175 |pmid=26601191 |pmc=4640610 |journal=Science Advances |bibcode=2015SciA....1E0175W}}</ref>
+* a northern clade composed of the Siberian and Caspian tiger populations
+* a southern clade composed of all other mainland populations.
+One conservation specialist welcomed this proposal as it would make captive breeding programmes and future rewilding of zoo-born tigers easier. One [[geneticist]] was sceptical of this study and maintained that the currently recognised nine subspecies can be distinguished genetically.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kupferschmidt |first1=K. |date=2015 |url=http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/06/controversial-study-claims-there-are-only-two-types-tiger |title=Controversial study claims there are only two types of tiger |journal= Science |doi=10.1126/science.aac6905 |access-date=27 June 2015}}</ref>
+In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and recognized the tiger populations in continental Asia as ''P. t. tigris'', and those in the Sunda Islands as ''P. t. sondaica''.<ref name="catsg">{{cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=A. C. |last2=Breitenmoser-Würsten |first2=C. |last3=Eizirik |first3=E. |last4=Gentry |first4=A. |last5=Werdelin |first5=L. |last6=Wilting |first6=A. |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=N. |last8=Abramov |first8=A. V. |last9=Christiansen |first9=P. |last10=Driscoll |first10=C. |last11=Duckworth |first11=J. W. |last12=Johnson |first12=W. |last13=Luo |first13=S.-J. |last14=Meijaard |first14=E. |last15=O’Donoghue |first15=P. |last16=Sanderson |first16=J. |last17=Seymour |first17=K. |last18=Bruford |first18=M. |last19=Groves |first19=C. |last20=Hoffmann |first20=M. |last21=Nowell |first21=K. |last22=Timmons |first22=Z. |last23=Tobe |first23=S. |date=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 11 |pages=66–68 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=66}}</ref> This two-subspecies view has been largely rejected by researchers. Results of a 2018 [[whole-genome sequencing]] of 32 specimens support six [[monophyletic]] tiger [[clade]]s corresponding with the living subspecies and indicate that the most recent [[common ancestor]] lived about 110,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Y.-C. |first2=X. |last2=Sun |first3=C. |last3=Driscoll |first4=D. G. |last4=Miquelle |first5=X. |last5=Xu |first6=P. |last6=Martelli |first7=O. |last7=Uphyrkina |first8=J. L. D. |last8=Smith |first9=S. J. |last9=O’Brien |first10=S.-J. |last10=Luo |title=Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers |journal=Current Biology |volume=28 |issue=23 |date=2018 |pages=3840–3849 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019 |pmid=30482605 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
+=== Подврсте ===
 Постоји осам подврста тигра:
 * [[Бенгалски тигар]]
@@ Ред 110: / Ред 127: @@
 * {{Cite book| ref=harv|title=Wild beasts: a study of the characters and habits of the elephant, lion, leopard, panther, jaguar, tiger, puma, wolf, and grizzly bear |chapter=The Tiger |last=Porter|first=John Hampden|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/wildbeastsstud00port#page/239 |url=https://archive.org/stream/wildbeastsstud00port#page/n0/mode/2up |year=1894 |location=New York |publisher=C. Scribner's sons |pages=196–256}}
 * {{Cite book| ref=Sankhala|last=Sankhala|first=Kailash|title=Indian Tiger|year=1997 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Roli Books Pvt Limited |isbn=978-81-7437-088-4|pages=}}
+* {{cite magazine |author=Marshall, A. |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2010 |title=Tale of the Cat |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1964894-1,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226173448/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1964894-1,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 February 2010}}
+* {{cite news |author=Millward, A. |date=2020 |title=Indian tiger study earns its stripes as one of the world's largest wildlife surveys |publisher=Guinness World Records Limited |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2020/7/indian-tiger-study-earns-its-stripes-as-one-of-the-world%E2%80%99s-largest-wildlife-surve-624966}}
+* {{cite news |author=Mohan, V. |date=2015 |title=India's tiger population increases by 30% in past three years; country now has 2,226 tigers |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Indias-tiger-population-increases-by-30-in-past-three-years-country-now-has-2226-tigers/articleshow/45950634.cms}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Schnitzler |first1=A. |last2=Hermann |first2=L. |title=Chronological distribution of the tiger ''Panthera tigris'' and the Asiatic lion ''Panthera leo persica'' in their common range in Asia |journal=[[Mammal Review]] |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=340–353 |doi=10.1111/mam.12166 |date=2019|s2cid=202040786 }}
+* {{cite news |author=Yonzon, P. |date=2010 |title=Is this the last chance to save the tiger? |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |url=http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2010/11/19/features/is-this-the-last-chance-to-save-the-tiger/215040/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109123729/http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2010/11/19/features/is-this-the-last-chance-to-save-the-tiger/215040/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2012 }}
+* {{Cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Yamaguchi |first2=N. |last3=Bar-Gal |first3=G. K. |last4=Roca |first4=A. L. |last5=Luo |first5=S. |last6=MacDonald |first6=D. W. |last7=O'Brien |first7=S. J. |title=Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates the Origin of the Extinct Caspian Tiger and Its Relationship to the Amur Tiger |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004125 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=e4125 |date=2009 |pmid=19142238 |pmc=2624500|bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.4125D |doi-access=free }}
 {{крај референци}}

Идентификатори таксона
Panthera tigris	Википодаци: Q19939 Викиврсте: Panthera tigris ADW: Panthera_tigris BioLib: 2045 BOLD: 73508 CoL: 4CGXS ECOS: 1765 EoL: 328674 EPPO: PNTHTI Fossilworks: 90651 GBIF: 5219416 iNaturalist: 41967 IRMNG: 10762914 ITIS: 183805 IUCN: 15955 MSW: 14000259 NBN: NHMSYS0000377066 NCBI: 9694 Open Tree of Life: 42314 Species+: 6047 TSA: 12803
Felis tigris	Википодаци: Q41083521 EoL: 47054053 GBIF: 4969819 ZooBank: CB08F90C-6992-4001-A173-117D95630082

Нормативна контрола
Државне	Француска BnF подаци Немачка Израел Сједињене Државе Јапан Чешка 2
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика