Spisak pesnika laureata Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva
Britanski pesnik laureat je počasna pozicija na koju istaknute pesnike imenuje monarh Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, trenutno na osnovu predloga premijera.[1]
Pozicija ne podrazumeva nikakve posebne obaveze, ali postoji očekivanje da će nosilac pisati stihove za značajne nacionalne prilike. Trenutni nosilac pozicije je Sajmon Armitidž koji je nasledio Kerol En Dafi u maju 2019.[2]
Poreklo pozicije laureata datira iz 1616. godine kada je Ben Džonson dobio penziju,[3] ali je prvi zvanični nosilac te funkcije bio Džon Drajden, koga je 1668. imenovao Čarls II Stjuart.[4][5]
Nakon smrti Alfreda, Lorda Tennisona, koji je obavljao tu funkciju između novembra 1850. i oktobra 1892. godine, usledila je pauza od četiri godine bez imenovanja novog laureata, u znak poštovanja preminulog pesnika. Tenisonove laureatske pesme „Oda o smrti vojvode od Velingtona“ i The Charge of the Light Brigade posebno su cenile viktorijanska javnost.[6] Tri pesnika, Tomas Grej, Semjuel Rodžers i Volter Skot, odbili su titulu laureata.[7]
Nakon Šadvelovog izbora, laureata je imenovao Lord Čemberlen, po instrukcijama monarha.[8] Od imenovanja Henrija Džejmsa Paja 1790. godine, premijer je preporučivao kandidata za imenovanje.[9]
U jednom periodu trajanja pozicije, tradicija je bila da pesnik laureat dobije bure ili veću količinu boca šerija.[10] Kada je Ted Hjuz imenovan, on je obnovio tradiciju i dobio 720 boca šerija; od 2015. godine ova praksa se nastavlja.[11]
Odeljenje za kulturu, medije i sport (DCMS) je obezbedilo godišnji honorar za pesnika laureata od približno £6,000.[12]
Spisak
[uredi | uredi izvor]Pesnik laureat | Portret | Život | Period na poziciji | Izabran od strane | Period na poziciji | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Džon Drajden | 1631–1700 | 13. april 1668 – januar 1688 | Čarls II Stjuart | 20 godina | [13] | |
Tomas Šadvel | ~ 1640–1692 | 9. mart 1689 – 19. ili 20. novembar 1692 | Vilijam III Oranski III i Meri II Engleska | 3 | [14] | |
Nahum Tejt | 1652–1715 | 23. decembar 1692 – 30. jul 1715 | Vilijam III Oranski III i Meri II Engleska | 23 | [15] | |
Nikolas Rou | 1674–1718 |
|
Džordž I | [16][17] | ||
Lorens Ejsden | 1688–1730 | 10. decembar 1718 – 27. septembar 1730 | George I | 12 | [16][18] | |
Koli Siber | 1671–1757 | 3. decembar 1730 – 12. decembar 1757 | Džordž II | 27 | [16][19] | |
Vilijam Vajthed | 1715–1785 | 19. decembar 1757[20] – 14. april 1785 | Džordž II | 27 | [16][20] | |
Tomas Vorton | 1728–1790 | 20. april 1785 – 21. maj 1790 | Džordž III | 5 | [21][22] | |
Henri Džejms Paj | 1745–1813 | 28. jul 1790 – 11. avgust 1813 | Džordž III | 23 | [23] | |
Robert Sauti | 1774–1843 | 12. avgust 1813[24] – 21. mart 1843 | Džordž III | 30 | [16][25] | |
Vilijam Vordsvort | 1770–1850 | 6. april 1843 – 23. april 1850 | Viktorija Hanoverska | 7 | [26][27] | |
Alfred, Lord Tenison | 1809–1892 | 19. novembar 1850[28] – 6 oktobar 1892 | Viktorija Hanoverska | 42 | [26][28] | |
Alfred Ostin | 1835–1913 | 1. januar 1896 – 2. jun 1913 | Viktorija Hanoverska | 17 | [28][29] | |
Robert Bridžiz | 1844–1930 | 25. jul 1913 – 21. april 1930 | Džordž V | 17 | [30][31] | |
Džon Mejsfild | 1878–1967 | 9. maj 1930 – 12. maj 1967 | Džordž V | 37 | [32][33] | |
Sesil Dej Luis | 1904–1972 | 2. januar 1968 – 22. maj 1972 | Elizabeta II | 4 | [34][35] | |
Džon Betjeman | 1906–1984 | 20 oktobar 1972 – 19. maj 1984 | Elizabeta II | 12 | [36][37] | |
Ted Hjuz | 1930–1998 | 28. decembar 1984 – 28 oktobar 1998 | Elizabeta II | 14 | [38][39] | |
Endru Motion | 1952– | 19. maj 1999 – 1. maj 2009 | Elizabeta II | 10 | [40][41] | |
Kerol En Dafi | 1955– | 1. maj 2009 – 10. maj 2019 | Elizabeta II | 10 | [40] | |
Sajmon Armitidž | 1963– | 10. maj 2019 – trenutno | Elizabeta II | 5 | [42] |
Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ „UK starts selection process for next Poet Laureate”. GOV.UK (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2023-01-02.
- ^ „Simon Armitage: 'Witty and profound' writer to be next Poet Laureate”. BBC. 10. 5. 2019.
- ^ „List of poets laureate of Britain”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 31. 8. 2015.
- ^ „Poet Laureate”. The British Monarchy. The Royal Household. Arhivirano iz originala 05. 09. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 2. 9. 2015.
- ^ Laurie & Motion 1999, str. 17.
- ^ „Alfred Lord Tennyson - Poet Laureate”. Historic UK (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2023-01-02.
- ^ „Poets laureate (1668–2011)”. Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Pristupljeno 2. 1. 2022. (potrebna pretplata)
- ^ „Group - National Portrait Gallery”. www.npg.org.uk. Pristupljeno 2023-01-02.
- ^ Hamilton, Walter (1880). „The Origin of the Office of Poet Laureate”. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 8: 20—35. ISSN 0080-4401. doi:10.2307/3677823.
- ^ „Poems, palaces and butts of sherry: exhibition brings poets laureate to life”. the Guardian (na jeziku: engleski). 2014-08-06. Pristupljeno 2022-12-29.
- ^ Lea, Richard. „Irish literature gets €150,000 boost with laureate award”. The Guardian. London.
- ^ „Is the Poet Laureate paid? – The Poetry Society”. poetrysociety.org.uk. Pristupljeno 2023-01-02.
- ^ Nichol Smith 1950, str. 11.
- ^ Hammond & Hopkins 2014, str. 333.
- ^ Dryden & Malone 1800, str. 206.
- ^ a b v g d Bucholz, R.O. „The Artistic Establishment: Poet Laureate 1660–1837, in Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 11 (Revised), Court Officers, 1660–1837”. British History Online. Pristupljeno 7. 9. 2015.
- ^ Sherbo, Arthur (2006). „Nicholas Rowe (1674–1718)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24203. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Sambrook, James (2004). „Laurence Eusden (1688–1730)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8934. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Salmon, Eric (2012). „Cibber, Colley (1671–1757)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5416. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b Scott, Rosemary (2004). „Whitehead, William (bap. 1715, d. 1785)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29294. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ „No. 12642”. The London Gazette (Supplement). 26. 4. 1785. str. 205.
- ^ Reid, Hugh (2006). „Warton, Thomas (1728–1790)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28799. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Sambrook, James (2008). „Henry James Pye (1745–1813)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22918. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Hewitt, David (2008). „Scott, Sir Walter (1771–1832)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24928. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Carnall, Geoffrey (2011). „Robert Southey (1774–1843)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26056. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b Hamilton, Walter (1880). „The Origin of the Office of Poet Laureate”. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8: 20—35. JSTOR 3677823. doi:10.2307/3677823.
- ^ Gill, Stephen (2010). „William Wordsworth (1770–1850)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29973. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b v Ricks, Christopher (2006). „Tennyson, Alfred, first Baron Tennyson (1809–1892)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27137. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Scheuerle, William H. (2006). „Alfred Austin (1835–1913)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30503. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ „No. 28740”. The London Gazette (Supplement). 25. 7. 1913. str. 5321.
- ^ Phillips, Catherine (2004). „Robert Seymour Bridges (1844–1930)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32066. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ „No. 33604”. The London Gazette (Supplement). 9. 5. 1930. str. 2865.
- ^ Gervais, David (2013). „John Edward Masefield (1878–1967)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32066. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ „No. 44494”. The London Gazette (Supplement). 2. 1. 1968. str. 89.
- ^ Day-Lewis, Sean (2013). „Cecil Day-Lewis (1904–1972)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ „No. 45807”. The London Gazette (Supplement). 20. 10. 1972. str. 12397.
- ^ Amis, Kingsley (2010). „Sir John Betjeman (1906–1984)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30815. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ „No. 49967”. The London Gazette (Supplement). 28. 12. 1984. str. 17431.
- ^ Sagar, Keith (2013). „Edward James Hughes (1930–1998)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online izd.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/71121. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b „Carol Ann Duffy was officially declared as Britain's first female Poet Laureate on May 1st 2009”. The Poetry Society. Arhivirano iz originala 07. 07. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 6. 7. 2015.
- ^ „Poetry in Motion”. BBC. 19. 5. 1999.
- ^ „Simon Armitage: 'Witty and profound' writer to be next Poet Laureate”. BBC. 10. 5. 2019.
Literatura
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Dryden, John; Malone, Edmond (1800). The Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works of John Dryden: Now First Collected: with Notes and Illustrations. London: Cadell and Davies. ISBN 9780608383576. OCLC 642439986.
- Hammond, Paul; Hopkins, David (2014). The Poems of John Dryden: Volume Four: 1686–1696. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-90536-3.
- Laurie, Hilary; Motion, Andrew (1999). Verses of the Poets Laureate: From John Dryden to Andrew Motion. London: Orion. ISBN 978-0-7528-1859-7.
- Nichol Smith, David (1950). John Dryden. Cambridge: CUP Archive. OCLC 2285804.
- Unwin, Tim (2005). Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-76192-0.