Кришна
Кришна (санскрит: कृष्ण kṛṣṇa - црни, свепривлачни)[1] је хиндуистичко божанство,[2] које се најчешће поштује као осма инкарнација (аватар) бога Вишну, док га већина Ваишнава сматра за изворну божанску личност која је такође и извор Вишнуа. По Ваишнавама Кришна је Бог у свом најинтимнијем издању. Он се безбрижно забавља, окружен особама које га чисто и немотивисано воле.[3][4][5] То су дечаци пастири, пастирице, његови родитељи и старији житељи божанског села Вриндавана. Те љубавне размене су лишене страхопоштовања и формалности, сматрају се најузвишенијм циљем духовне самоспознаје.[6][7]
Ведски списи га описују као бога боје свежег олујног облака. Са собом увек носи свиралу (бансури), док у коси има перо пауна. Иако се то научно не може утврдити, хиндуисти верују да је био историјска личност.
Види још[уреди | уреди извор]
Референце[уреди | уреди извор]
- ^ "Krishna". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ „Krishna”. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
- ^ Ben-Ami Scharfstein (1993). Ineffability: The Failure of Words in Philosophy and Religion
. State University of New York Press. стр. 166. ISBN 978-0-7914-1347-0.
- ^ Edwin Bryant & Maria Ekstrand 2004, стр. 21–24.
- ^ Edwin Bryant & Maria Ekstrand 2004, стр. 20–25, quote: "Three Dimensions of Krishna's Divinity (...) divine majesty and supremacy; (...) divine tenderness and intimacy; (...) compassion and protection.; (..., p.24) Krishna as the God of Love".
- ^ „Krishna Hindu deity”. Britannica. Приступљено 22. 1. 2021.(језик: енглески)
- ^ „Krishna”. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Приступљено 22. 1. 2021.(језик: енглески)
Литература[уреди | уреди извор]
- Archer, W. G. (2004) [1957]. The Loves of Krishna in Indian Painting and Poetry. Mineola, NY: Dover Publ. ISBN 0-486-43371-4.
- Basu, M. M. (1932). The Post-Caitanya Sahajiya Cult of Bengal. Calcutta: University of Calcutta Press.
- Beck, Guy L. (1993). Sonic Theology: Hinduism and Sacred Sound. Studies in Comparative Religion. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0872498557.
- Beck, Guy L., ур. (2005). Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6415-1.
- Brown, C. Mackenzie (1983). „The Origin and Transmission of the Two "Bhāgavata Purāṇas": A Canonical and Theological Dilemma”. Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 51 (4): 551—567. JSTOR 1462581. doi:10.1093/jaarel/li.4.551.
- Bryant, Edwin F.; Ekstrand, Maria (2004). The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50843-8.
- Bryant, Edwin F. (2004). Krishna: the beautiful legend of God. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-044799-6.
- Bryant, Edwin F. (2007), Krishna: A Sourcebook, Oxford University Press, USA, ISBN 978-0-19-514891-6
- Dimmitt, Cornelia; van Buitenen, J. A. B. (2012). Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas. Temple University Press (1st Edition: 1977). ISBN 978-1-4399-0464-0.
- Doniger, Wendy (1993). Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1381-4.
- Ekstrand, Maria (2004). Bryant, Edwin H., ур. The Hare Krishna movement: the postcharismatic fate of a religious transplant. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12256-6.
- Eschmann, Anncharlott; Kulke, Hermann; Tripathi, Gaya Charan, ур. (1978) [Rev. ed. 2014]. The Cult of Jagannath and the regional tradition of Orissa. South Asian Studies, 8. New Delhi: Manohar. ISBN 9788173046179.
- Flood, Galvin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-43878-0
- Gaurangapada, Swami. „Sixty-four qualities of Sri Krishna”. Nitaaiveda. Nitaiiveda. Архивирано из оригинала на датум 30. 8. 2013. Приступљено 2013-05-24.
- Goswami, S. D. (1995). The Qualities of Sri Krsna. GNPress. ISBN 978-0-911233-64-3. Архивирано из оригинала на датум 18. 5. 2015.
- Hardy, Friedhelm E. (1987). „Kṛṣṇaism”. Ур.: Mircea Eliade. The Encyclopedia of Religion. 8. New York: MacMillan. стр. 387—392. ISBN 978-0-02897-135-3 — преко Encyclopedia.com.
- Hardy, Friedhelm E. (1981). Viraha-Bhakti: The Early Development of Kṛṣṇa Devotion in South India. Oxford University South Asian Studies Series. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-564916-8.
- Hawley, John Stratton (2020). Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190123987.
- Irwin, John (1974). „The Heliodorus Pillar at Besanagar”. Puratattva. Archaeological Society of India (co-published Art and Archaeology Research Papers, USA). 8: 166—176.
- Khare, M D (1967). „Discovery of a Vishnu temple near the Heliodorus pillar, Besnagar, Dist. Vidisha (MP)”. Lalit Kala. 13: 21—27. JSTOR 44138838.
- Khare, M D (1975). „The Heliodorus Pillar – A Fresh Appraisal: A Rejoinder”. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 36: 92—97. JSTOR 44138838.
- Miśra, Narayan (2005). Durga Nandan Mishra, ур. Annals and Antiquities of the Temple of Jagannātha. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. ISBN 81-7625-747-8.
- Shah, Natubhai (2004) [First published in 1998], Jainism: The World of Conquerors, I, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1938-2
- Singh, Upinder (2016), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Pearson Education, ISBN 978-93-325-6996-6
- The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, published between 1883 and 1896
- The Vishnu-Purana, translated by H. H. Wilson, (1840)
- The Srimad Bhagavatam, translated by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, (1988) copyright Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
- Knott, Kim (2000), Hinduism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, USA, стр. 160, ISBN 978-0-19-285387-5
- The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha's Former Births, edited by E. B. Cowell, (1895)
- Matchett, Freda (2001). Kṛṣṇa, Lord or Avatāra?. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1281-6.
- Sangave, Vilas Adinath (2001), Facets of Jainology: Selected Research Papers on Jain Society, Religion, and Culture, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-839-2
- Susan V Mishra; Himanshu P Ray (2017). The Archaeology of Sacred Spaces. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-67920-7.
- Garuda Pillar of Besnagar, Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report (1908–1909). Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1912, 129.
- Marijke J. Klokke (2000). Narrative Sculpture and Literary Traditions in South and Southeast Asia. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11865-2.
- Kumar Das, Sisir (2006). A history of Indian literature, 500–1399. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-2171-0.
- Ramnarace, Vijay (2014). Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa's Vedāntic Debut: Chronology & Rationalisation in the Nimbārka Sampradāya (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
- Rocher, Ludo (1986). The Puranas. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-02522-5.
- Rosen, Steven (2006). Essential Hinduism. New York: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-99006-0.
- Schomer, Karine; McLeod, W. H., ур. (1987), The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 9788120802773
- Sheridan, Daniel (1986). The Advaitic Theism of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa. Columbia, Mo: South Asia Books. ISBN 978-81-208-0179-0.
- Starza, O. M. (1993). The Jagannatha Temple at Puri: Its Architecture, Art and Cult. Studies in South Asian culture, 15. Leiden; New York; Köln: Brill. ISBN 90-04-09673-6.
- Sutton, Nicholas (2000). Religious doctrines in the Mahābhārata. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. стр. 477. ISBN 978-81-208-1700-5.
- Toffin, Gérard (2012). „The Power of Boundaries: Transnational Links among Krishna Pranamis of India and Nepal”. Ур.: John Zavos; et al. Public Hinduisms. New Delhi: SAGE Publ. India. стр. 249—254. ISBN 978-81-321-1696-7.
- Valpey, Kenneth R. (2006). Attending Kṛṣṇa's image: Caitanya Vaiṣṇava mūrti-sevā as devotional truth. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-38394-3.
- History of Indian Theatre By M. L. Varadpande. Chapter Theatre of Krishna, pp. 231–94. Published 1991, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 81-7017-278-0.
- Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1987). History of Indian theatre. vol. 3. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-221-5.
- Zimmer, Heinrich (1953) [1952], Campbell, Joseph, ур., Philosophies Of India, London, E.C. 4: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, ISBN 978-81-208-0739-6
- Crowley, Aleister (1991). Liber Aleph. Weiser Books. стр. 71. ISBN 978-0-87728-729-2. and Crowley, Aleister (1980). The Book of Lies. Red Wheels. стр. 24–25. ISBN 978-0-87728-516-8.
- Apiryon, Tau; Apiryon (1995). Mystery of Mystery: A Primer of Thelemic Ecclesiastical Gnosticism. Berkeley: Red Flame. ISBN 978-0-9712376-1-2.
Спољашње везе[уреди | уреди извор]
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Кришна на Викимедијиној остави. |
- The Legends of Krishna, W. Crooke (1900), Folklore
- Bathing in Krishna: A Study in Vaiṣṇava Hindu Theology, Dennis Hudson (1980), The Harvard Theological Review
- Krishna, Christians, and Colors: The Socially Binding Influence of Kirtan Singing at a Utah Hare Krishna Festival, Sara Black Brown (2014), Ethnomusicology