Lepezari

Lepezari; Vremenski raspon: 125–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N sredina krede - sadašnjost
	mužjak
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Arthropoda
Klasa:	Insecta
(nerangirano):	Eumetabola
(nerangirano):	Endopterygota
Red:	Strepsiptera; Kirby, 1813
Familije
	Bahiaxenidae; Bohartillidae; Callipharixenidae; Corioxenidae; †Cretostylopidae; Elenchidae; Halictophagidae; †Mengeidae; Mengenillidae; Myrmecolacidae; †Protoxenidae; Stylopidae

Lepezari (Strepsiptera) endopterigotni red su insekata sa devet postojećih familija, koje obuhvataju preko 600 opisanih vrsta. Oni su endoparaziti u drugim insektima, kao što su pčele, ose, cikade, raklje, i buvašvabe. Ženke većine vrsta nikad se ne pomaljaju iz domaćina nakon ulaska u njegovo telo, i konačno umiru unutar njega. Larve ranog stupnja se pojavljuju, jer one moraju da pronađu nezauzetog živog domaćina, a kratkoživući mužjaci se pojavljuju da bi tražili prijemčivu ženku u njenom domaćinu.^[1] Ovaj red nije dobro poznat izvan stručnih krugova.^[2]^[3]

Ime im dolazi iz grčke reči streptos = zasukano, pleteno. Životni ciklus se sastoji od četiri razvojna stadijuma (potpuna metamorfoza), jaje, larva, lutka, imago. Imago može da naraste od 0,4 do 35 mm, ali je uglavnom sitniji od 6 milimetara. Kod lepezara samo mužjaci imaju krila. Ženke zbog svog parazitskog oblika života nemaju krila, niti pipke. Mužjaci imaju razvijen samo stražnji par krila, dok su im od prednjeg para krila ostale samo haltere. Mužjaci se često mogu videti kako lete oko cveća, to rade zato što ženke većinom parazitiraju na redu Hymenoptera kojima je prehrana bazirana na cvetnom nektaru i peludi. Kopulacija se odvija tako što mužjak penetrira pod neodređeni deo ženkinog egzoskeletona, jer ženka nema kopulatorne organe. Larve se legu u telu ženke te se prvo hrane njezinom unutrašnjosti, a nakon što iscrpe telo ženke hrane se telom domaćina.

Klasifikacija

Rodovi

Australoxenos Kathirithamby, 1990
Bahiaxenos Bravo, Pohl, Silva-Neto and Beutel, 2009
Blattodeaphagus Kathirithamby, 1992
Blissoxenos Miyamoto and Kifune, 1984
Bohartilla Kinzelbach, 1969
Caenocholax Pierce, 1909
Callipharixenos Pierce, 1918
Colacina Westwood, 1877
Congoxenus Kinzelbach, 1972
Coriophagus Kinzelbach, 1971
Corioxenos Blair, 1936
Crawfordia Pierce, 1908
Cretostylops Grimaldi and Kathirithamby in Grimaldi et al., 2005
Deinelenchus Perkins, 1905
Dipterophagus Drew and Allwood, 1985
Dundoxenos Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Elencholax Kinzelbach, 1971
Elenchus Curtis, 1831
Eocenoxenos Henderickx and Bosselaers in Henderickx et al., 2013
Eoxenos Peyerimhoff, 1919
Eurystylops Bohart, 1943
Floridoxenos Kathirithamby and Peck, 1994
Halictophagus Dale in Curtis, 1832
Halictoxenos Pierce, 1908
Hylecthrus Saunders, 1850
Jantarostylops Kulicka, 2001
Kinzelbachus Özdikmen, 2009
Loania Kinzelbach, 1970
Lychnocolax Bohart, 1951
Malagasyxenos Cook and Tribull, 2013
Malayaxenos Kifune, 1981
Melittostylops Kinzelbach, 1971
Mengea Grote, 1886
Mengenilla Hofeneder, 1910
Mufagaa Kinzelbach, 1980
Myrmecolax Westwood, 1861
Palaeomyrmecolax Kulicka, 2001
Paragioxenos Ogloblin, 1923
Paraxenos Saunders, 1872
Proceroxenos Pohl, Katbeh-Bader and Schneider, 1996
Protelencholax Kinzelbach, 1979
Protoxenos Pohl, Beutel and Kinzelbach, 2005
Pseudococcites Haupt, 1950
Pseudoxenos Saunders, 1872
Rozenia Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
Stenocranophilus Pierce, 1914
Stichotrema Hofeneder, 1910
Stylops Kirby, 1802
Tridactylophagus Subramaniam, 1932
Triozocera Pierce, 1909
Uniclavus Kathirithamby, 1989
Viridipromontoxius Luna de Carvalho, 1985
Xenos Rossius, 1793

Vrste

Australoxenos yetmaniensis Kathirithamby, 1990
Bahiaxenos relictus Bravo, Pohl, Silva-Neto and Beutel, 2009
Blattodeaphagus beckmani Kathirithamby, 1989
Blattodeaphagus iriomotensis Kathirithamby and Kifune, 1994
Blissoxenos esakii Miyamoto and Kifune, 1984
Bohartilla joachimscheveni Kinzelbach and Pohl, 1994
Bohartilla kinzelbachi Kathirithamby and Grimaldi, 1993
Bohartilla megalognatha Kinzelbach, 1969
Caenocholax brodzinskyi Kathirithamby and Grimaldi, 1993
Caenocholax dominicensis Kathirithamby and Grimaldi, 1993
Caenocholax fenyesi Pierce, 1909
Caenocholax groehni Kathirithamby and Henderickx, 2008
Callipharixenos muiri Pierce, 1918
Callipharixenos philippines Kathirithamby and McMahon in Kathirithamby et al., 2012
Callipharixenos siamensis (Pierce, 1918)
Colacina insidiator Westwood, 1877
Congoxenus stami Kinzelbach, 1972
Coriophagus adebratti Kathirithamby, 1993
Coriophagus borneensis Kathirithamby, 1993
Coriophagus casui Cowley, 1984
Coriophagus gressittorum Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Coriophagus jennyae Kogan, 2012
Coriophagus latimanus Luna de Carvalho, 1972
Coriophagus lockerbiensis Kathirithamby, 1992
Coriophagus maai Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Coriophagus medleri Luna de Carvalho, 1972
Coriophagus monteithi Kathirithamby, 1992
Coriophagus rieki Kinzelbach, 1971
Coriophagus solomonensis Kinzelbach, 1971
Coriophagus zanzibarae (Bohart, 1962)
Corioxenos acucyrtophallus Cook, 2001
Corioxenos antestiae Blair, 1936
Corioxenos raoi Baliga, 1967
Crawfordia acincta Kogan, 1989
Crawfordia californica Pierce, 1918
Crawfordia cockerelli Pierce, 1909
Crawfordia labiata (Ogloblin, 1924)
Crawfordia labrosi Pierce, 1911
Crawfordia labrosiformidis Pierce, 1918
Crawfordia lopesi Kogan, 1989
Crawfordia pulvinipes (Pierce, 1904)
Crawfordia warnckei (Kinzelbach, 1970)
Cretostylops engeli Grimaldi and Kathirithamby in Grimaldi et al., 2005
Deinelenchus australensis Perkins, 1905
Deinelenchus berrimahensis Kathirithamby, 1989
Deinelenchus deviatus Kinzelbach, 1971
Deinelenchus hamifer Kinzelbach, 1971
Deinelenchus nigeriensis Luna de Carvalho, 1972
Deinelenchus sabahensis Kathirithamby, 1993
Dipterophagus daci Drew and Allwood, 1985
Dundoxenos breviphlebos Pohl, Katbeh-Bader and Schneider, 1996
Dundoxenos kinzelbachi Luna de Carvalho, 1985
Dundoxenos vilhenai Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Elencholax bismarcharum Kinzelbach, 1971
Elencholax noonadanae Kinzelbach, 1971
Elenchus butzei Brailovsky, 1981
Elenchus delicatus De Santis and de Sureda, 1993
Elenchus eastopi J. Fox, 1967
Elenchus falcipennis Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Elenchus globulosus Trois, 1982
Elenchus japonicus (Esaki and Hashimoto, 1931)
Elenchus koebelei (Pierce, 1908)
Elenchus leptodalphaxi Luna de Carvalho, 1978
Elenchus maorianus Gourlay, 1953
Elenchus melanias Perkins, 1910
Elenchus mexicanus (Pierce, 1961)
Elenchus perkinsi (Pierce, 1909)
Elenchus perkinsianus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Elenchus solomonensis (J. Fox, 1967)
Elenchus spangleri (J. Fox, 1968)
Elenchus templetonii Westwood, 1836
Elenchus tenuicornis (Kirby, 1815)
Elenchus toyaphagus Luna de Carvalho, 1978
Elenchus varleyi Kathirithamby, 1989
Eocenoxenos palintropos Henderickx and Bosselaers in Henderickx et al., 2013
Eoxenos laboulbenei Peyerimhoff, 1919
Eurystylops conanthalicti Kinzelbach, 1971
Eurystylops desertorum (Bohart, 1941)
Eurystylops oenipontana Hofeneder, 1949
Eurystylops sierrensis Bohart, 1978
Eurystylops tetonensis Bohart, 1943
Floridoxenos monroensis Kathirithamby and Peck, 1994
Halictophagus abdominalis Kathirithamby, 1993
Halictophagus acutus Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus agalliae Abdul-Nour, 1970
Halictophagus americanus Perkins, 1905
Halictophagus ancylophallus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Halictophagus angustipes Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Halictophagus antennalis Kathirithamby, 1993
Halictophagus ararensis Trois, 1988
Halictophagus australensis Perkins, 1905
Halictophagus barberi (Pierce, 1908)
Halictophagus besucheti Luna de Carvalho, 1978
Halictophagus bidentatus Bohart, 1941
Halictophagus bipunctatus Yang, 1955
Halictophagus brevipenis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Halictophagus calcaratus Pasteels, 1958
Halictophagus callosus Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus chantaneeae Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
Halictophagus chilensis Hofmann, 1965
Halictophagus chinensis Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus cladoceras (Jeannel, 1913)
Halictophagus compactus (Pierce, 1914)
Halictophagus curtisii Dale in Curtis, 1832
Halictophagus desantisi (Remes Lenicov, 1970)
Halictophagus dominicus Cook, 2013
Halictophagus elongatus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Halictophagus endrodyi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Halictophagus eurycephalus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Halictophagus euryscelis Tribull and Cook, 2011
Halictophagus forthoodiensis Kathirithamby and Taylor, 2005
Halictophagus fulmeki (Hofeneder, 1927)
Halictophagus ghanensis Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Halictophagus gioachinlunai Luna de Carvalho, 1990
Halictophagus gressitti Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus griveaudi (Paulian, 1959)
Halictophagus haydari Abdul-Nour, 1985
Halictophagus henriquei Luna de Carvalho, 1972
Halictophagus hirashimai Kathirithamby, 1993
Halictophagus indicus Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus insularum (Pierce, 1908)
Halictophagus iriomotensis Hirashima and Kifune, 1978
Halictophagus irwini Riek, 1975
Halictophagus jacobsoni de Meijere, 1908
Halictophagus javanensis (Pierce, 1918)
Halictophagus jordani (Pierce, 1952)
Halictophagus kamandulaphagus Luna de Carvalho, 1978
Halictophagus kifunei Chaudhuri and Das Gupta, 1983
Halictophagus kinzelbachi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Halictophagus kuehnelti Hofeneder, 1949
Halictophagus languedoci Abdul-Nour, 1969
Halictophagus lappidae Oliveira and Kogan, 1960
Halictophagus libetarioi Barrion and Litsinger, 1989
Halictophagus longipenis Kifune, 1981
Halictophagus lopesi Oliveira and Kogan, 1959
Halictophagus mackayi (Bohart, 1937)
Halictophagus macrostelesi Abdul-Nour, 2001
Halictophagus malayanus Kifune, 1981
Halictophagus membraciphaga (Subramaniam, 1927)
Halictophagus minimus Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
Halictophagus minutus Kathirithamby, 1992
Halictophagus moorookensis Kathirithamby, 1992
Halictophagus naulti Kathirithamby and Moya-Raygoza, 2000
Halictophagus obtusae Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus omani Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus oncometopiae (Pierce, 1918)
Halictophagus orientalis (Esaki and Hashimoto, 1931)
Halictophagus palmae Kathirithamby and Ponnamma, 2000
Halictophagus peradeniya (Pierce, 1911)
Halictophagus phaeodes Perkins, 1905
Halictophagus philaroniae Bohart, 1946
Halictophagus piperi Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus placula (Remes Lenicov and Teson, 1975)
Halictophagus pontifex J. Fox, 1967
Halictophagus radialis Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
Halictophagus recurvatus Yang, 1964
Halictophagus regina J. Fox, 1967
Halictophagus samoanus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Halictophagus sarawakensis Kathirithamby, 1993
Halictophagus scheveni Kinzelbach, 1972
Halictophagus schwarzii Perkins, 1905
Halictophagus serratus Bohart, 1943
Halictophagus shepardi Barrion and Litsinger, 1989
Halictophagus silwoodensis Waloff, 1981
Halictophagus sodeni Hofeneder, 1949
Halictophagus steffani Kinzelbach, 1971
Halictophagus stellatus Yang, 1964
Halictophagus stenodes Perkins, 1905
Halictophagus tenebrosus Chaudhuri, Ghosh and Das Gupta, 1983
Halictophagus tettigometrae Silvestri, 1934
Halictophagus thaiae Kifune, 1983
Halictophagus thoracicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Halictophagus trigonodontos Cook, 2013
Halictophagus tryoni (Perkins, 1905)
Halictophagus uhleri (Pierce, 1909)
Halictophagus urucui Kogan, 2012
Halictophagus variatus Kinzelbach, 1971
Halictoxenos anneckei Pasteels, 1958
Halictoxenos arnoldi Perkins, 1918
Halictoxenos borealis Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
Halictoxenos crawfordi Pierce, 1909
Halictoxenos cupreolae Trois, 1982
Halictoxenos duplicis Kifune, 1991
Halictoxenos evylaei Kifune, 1991
Halictoxenos hayekae Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Halictoxenos hondonis Kifune, 1991
Halictoxenos japonicus Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
Halictoxenos jonesi Pierce, 1908
Halictoxenos knereri Pohl and Kinzelbach, 1995
Halictoxenos latifemoralis Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
Halictoxenos manilae Pierce, 1909
Halictoxenos mirabilis Kifune, Hirashima and Maeta, 1982
Halictoxenos nambui Kifune, 1991
Halictoxenos nitidusculus Ogloblin, 1924
Halictoxenos nymphaeari Pierce, 1911
Halictoxenos proditus Trois, 1982
Halictoxenos puncticollis Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
Halictoxenos robbii Pierce, 1909
Halictoxenos rubicundi Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
Halictoxenos sajoi Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
Halictoxenos schwarzi (Pierce, 1908)
Halictoxenos simplicis Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1924
Halictoxenos spencei (Nassonow, 1893)
Halictoxenos tumulorum Perkins, 1918
Halictoxenos ulrichi Hofeneder, 1939
Halictoxenos viridulae Pierce, 1911
Hylecthrus californicus Bohart, 1941
Hylecthrus rubi Saunders, 1850
Hylecthrus taiwan Kinzelbach, 1971
Jantarostylops kinzelbachi Kulicka, 2001
Kinzelbachus friesei (Hofeneder, 1949)
Loania canadensis Kinzelbach, 1970
Loania cryophila (Johnson, 1976)
Lychnocolax aerius Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Lychnocolax champloni Luna de Carvalho, 1967
Lychnocolax chinensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Lychnocolax drysdalensis Kathirithamby, 1993
Lychnocolax henricarvalhensis Luna de Carvalho, 1967
Lychnocolax hispanicus Kathirithamby and Kifune, 1991
Lychnocolax insularis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Lychnocolax lundensis Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Lychnocolax maxillaris Kathirithamby, 1993
Lychnocolax mindanao Bohart, 1951
Lychnocolax mindoro Bohart, 1951
Lychnocolax neobritannicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Lychnocolax nigeriensis Kifune, 1987
Lychnocolax novaeguineae Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Lychnocolax orientalis Kifune, 1981
Lychnocolax ovatus Bohart, 1951
Lychnocolax palpalis Bohart, 1951
Lychnocolax postorbis Bohart, 1951
Lychnocolax redinhai Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Lychnocolax similis Chaudhuri, Ghosh and Das Gupta, 1983
Lychnocolax simplex Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Lychnocolax solomon Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Lychnocolax vietnamicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Malagasyxenos gymnostoma Cook and Tribull, 2013
Malayaxenos capillipenis Mazumdar and Mitra, 2011
Malayaxenos kitaokai Kifune, 1981
Malayaxenos trapezonoti Pohl and Melber, 1996
Melittostylops hesparapium Kinzelbach, 1971
Mengea mengei Kulicka, 1979
Mengea tertiaria Grote, 1886
Mengenilla arabica Kinzelbach, 1979
Mengenilla australiensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
Mengenilla chobauti Hofeneder, 1910
Mengenilla gracilipes (Lea, 1910)
Mengenilla kaszabi Kinzelbach, 1970
Mengenilla leucomma Cook, 2007
Mengenilla marikovskii Medvedev, 1970
Mengenilla mendesi Luna de Carvalho, 2006
Mengenilla moldrzyki Pohl et al., 2012
Mengenilla orientalis Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
Mengenilla parvula Silvestri, 1941
Mengenilla sinensis Miyamoto, 1960
Mufagaa talhouki Kinzelbach, 1980
Myrmecolax arcuatus Lu and Liu, 2014
Myrmecolax bifurcatus Kathirithamby, 1993
Myrmecolax blickenstaffi J. Fox, 1967
Myrmecolax borgmeieri Hofeneder, 1949
Myrmecolax chantaneeae Kifune and Hirashima, 1979
Myrmecolax congoensis Silvestri, 1939
Myrmecolax culionensis Bohart, 1951
Myrmecolax danielssoni Kathirithamby, 1994
Myrmecolax flagellatus (de Meijere, 1908)
Myrmecolax furcatus Bohart, 1951
Myrmecolax genitalis Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Myrmecolax glaesi Kinzelbach, 1983
Myrmecolax incautus Oliveira and Kogan, 1959
Myrmecolax kpelle J. Fox, 1967
Myrmecolax leleupi Pasteels, 1956
Myrmecolax liberiensis J. Fox, 1967
Myrmecolax longipalpis Kogan and Oliveira, 1964
Myrmecolax longipes Luna de Carvalho, 1972
Myrmecolax lunai (J. Fox and R. Fox, 1964)
Myrmecolax lundensis Luna de Carvalho, 1959
Myrmecolax malayensis Kathirithamby, 1993
Myrmecolax mano J. Fox, 1967
Myrmecolax myrmecinus Kifune, 1987
Myrmecolax nietneri Westwood, 1861
Myrmecolax odontognathus Kogan and Oliveira, 1964
Myrmecolax oglobini Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Myrmecolax pachygnathus Lu and Liu, 2014
Myrmecolax parvus J. Fox, 1967
Myrmecolax philippinensis Bohart, 1941
Myrmecolax pierci (Chattopadhyay and Chaudhuri, 1980)
Myrmecolax plantipes (Chaudhuri in Chaudhuri et al., 1978)
Myrmecolax pseudolundensis Luna de Carvalho, 1959
Myrmecolax rossi Bohart, 1951
Myrmecolax trinidadensis (Günther, 1949)
Myrmecolax vadoni Paulian, 1959
Palaeomyrmecolax giecewiczi Kulicka, 2001
Palaeomyrmecolax gracilis Kulicka, 2001
Palaeomyrmecolax succineus Kulicka, 2001
Palaeomyrmecolax triangulum (Pohl and Kinzelbach, 1995)
Palaeomyrmecolax weitschati (Kinzelbach and Pohl, 1994)
Paragioxenos brachypterus Ogloblin, 1923
Paraxenos abbotti (Pierce, 1909)
Paraxenos altozambeziensis (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
Paraxenos argentinus (Brèthes, 1923)
Paraxenos astrolabensis (Székessy, 1956)
Paraxenos auripedis (Pierce, 1911)
Paraxenos australiensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1987
Paraxenos beaumonti (Pasteels, 1951)
Paraxenos biroi (Székessy, 1956)
Paraxenos bucki Trois, 1984
Paraxenos crassidens (Pasteels, 1954)
Paraxenos dorae (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Paraxenos duryi (Pierce, 1908)
Paraxenos erberi Saunders, 1872
Paraxenos erimae (Székessy, 1956)
Paraxenos esakii (Hirashima and Kifune, 1962)
Paraxenos fasciati (Pierce, 1909)
Paraxenos fuliginosi (Brèthes, 1923)
Paraxenos hofenederi (Pasteels, 1956)
Paraxenos hofenederianus Luna de Carvalho, 1978
Paraxenos hungaricus (Székessy, 1955)
Paraxenos inclusus (Oliveira and Kogan, 1963)
Paraxenos indicus (Pierce, 1911)
Paraxenos krombeini Kifune and Hirashima, 1987
Paraxenos kurosawai Kifune, 1984
Paraxenos laetum (Ogloblin, 1926)
Paraxenos luctuosae (Pierce, 1911)
Paraxenos lugubris (Pierce, 1908)
Paraxenos mendozae (Brèthes, 1923)
Paraxenos nagatomii Kifune, 1985
Paraxenos novaeguineae (Székessy, 1956)
Paraxenos occidentalis Kifune and Hirashima, 1987
Paraxenos orientalis Kifune, 1985
Paraxenos piercei (Brèthes, 1923)
Paraxenos polli (Pasteels, 1956)
Paraxenos reticulatus Luna de Carvalho, 1972
Paraxenos rieki (Pasteels, 1956)
Paraxenos simplex (Székessy, 1956)
Paraxenos sinuatus (Pasteels, 1956)
Paraxenos sphecidarum (Dufour, 1837)
Paraxenos striati (Brèthes, 1923)
Paraxenos taschenbergi (Brèthes, 1923)
Paraxenos teres (Pasteels, 1950)
Paraxenos vanderiisti (Pasteels, 1952)
Paraxenos westwoodi (Templeton, 1841)
Proceroxenos jordanicus Pohl, Katbeh-Bader and Schneider, 1996
Protelencholax schleei Kinzelbach, 1979
Protoxenos janzeni Pohl, Beutel and Kinzelbach, 2005
Pseudococcites eocaenicus Haupt, 1950
Pseudoxenos andradei Luna de Carvalho, 1953
Pseudoxenos arvensidis Pierce, 1911
Pseudoxenos atlanticus Luna de Carvalho, 1969
Pseudoxenos bequaerti Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Pseudoxenos bidentatus Pasteels, 1950
Pseudoxenos bishoppi (Pierce, 1909)
Pseudoxenos corcyricus Saunders, 1872
Pseudoxenos erynnidis Pierce, 1911
Pseudoxenos foraminati Pierce, 1911
Pseudoxenos fundati Pierce, 1911
Pseudoxenos heydenii (Saunders, 1853)
Pseudoxenos hirokoae Kifune and Yamane, 1992
Pseudoxenos hookeri (Pierce, 1909)
Pseudoxenos huastecae Székessy, 1965
Pseudoxenos insularis Kifune, 1983
Pseudoxenos itatiaiae (Trois, 1984)
Pseudoxenos iwatai Esaki, 1931
Pseudoxenos jonesi (Pierce, 1909)
Pseudoxenos klugii (Saunders, 1853)
Pseudoxenos laetum Ogloblin, 1926
Pseudoxenos louisianae (Pierce, 1909)
Pseudoxenos lusitanicus Luna de Carvalho, 1960
Pseudoxenos minor Kifune and Maeta, 1978
Pseudoxenos neomexicanus Pierce, 1918
Pseudoxenos papuanus Székessy, 1956
Pseudoxenos piercei (Brèthes, 1922)
Pseudoxenos prolificum Teson and Remes Lenicov, 1979
Pseudoxenos robertsoni Pierce, 1911
Pseudoxenos ropalidiae Kinzelbach, 1975
Pseudoxenos rueppelli Kinzelbach, 1971
Pseudoxenos schaumii Saunders, 1872
Pseudoxenos schultzei Kifune and Maeta, 1965
Pseudoxenos seyrigi Monod, 1925
Pseudoxenos tigridis Pierce, 1911
Pseudoxenos vigili (Brèthes, 1923)
Rozenia callidiopsidis Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
Rozenia peruana Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
Rozenia platicephala Straka, Juzová and Batelka, 2014
Stenocranophilus anomalocerus (Pierce, 1918)
Stenocranophilus canadiensis Kinzelbach, 1971
Stenocranophilus dicranotropidis (Pierce, 1918)
Stenocranophilus perkinsiellae (Pierce, 1918)
Stenocranophilus quadratus Pierce, 1914
Stichotrema acutipennis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1964)
Stichotrema ambiguum Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
Stichotrema angolensis (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Stichotrema anomalum (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
Stichotrema asahinai Hirashima and Kifune, 1974
Stichotrema barrosmachadoi (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Stichotrema bassa (J. Fox, 1967)
Stichotrema beckeri (Oliveira and Kogan, 1959)
Stichotrema boharti (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Stichotrema capito Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Stichotrema ceylonense Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
Stichotrema dallatorreanum Hofeneder, 1910
Stichotrema davao (Bohart, 1951)
Stichotrema dominicanum Kinzelbach and Pohl, 1994
Stichotrema ferenczi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Stichotrema fijiense Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Stichotrema foxe Luna de Carvalho, 1972
Stichotrema golias (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Stichotrema gressitti Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Stichotrema harleyi (J. Fox, 1967)
Stichotrema hoberlandti (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Stichotrema jeyasothiae Kathirithamby in Kathirithamby et al., 2001
Stichotrema kaszabi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Stichotrema krombeini Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
Stichotrema kuranda Kathirithamby, 1993
Stichotrema laticeps Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Stichotrema lindbergi (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
Stichotrema longiflagellatum Kathirithamby, 1993
Stichotrema malayanum Kifune, 1981
Stichotrema mendolong Kathirithamby, 1993
Stichotrema mexicanum Kifune and Brailovsky, 1987
Stichotrema minae Makhan and Ezzatpanah, 2011
Stichotrema minus Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Stichotrema nasutum (Luna de Carvalho, 1967)
Stichotrema pasteelsi (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Stichotrema rectipenne Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Stichotrema retrorsum (Bohart, 1951)
Stichotrema rhipidocolaxoides (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
Stichotrema robertsoni Kathirithamby, 1991
Stichotrema silvaticum Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Stichotrema simile Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
Stichotrema szekessyi (Luna de Carvalho, 1959)
Stichotrema trilobulatum Brailovsky, 1974
Stichotrema vilhenai (Luna de Carvalho, 1956)
Stichotrema waterhousi Kathirithamby in Kathirithamby et al., 2001
Stichotrema webbiense Kathirithamby, 1993
Stichotrema yasumatsui Kifune, 1983
Stylops aburanae Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops advarians Pierce, 1909
Stylops aino Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops albofasciatae Günther and Sedivi, 1957
Stylops alfkeni Hofeneder, 1939
Stylops analis Perkins, 1918
Stylops andrenaphilus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops apicalis Bohart, 1937
Stylops aterrimus Newport, 1851
Stylops bimaculatae Perkins, 1918
Stylops bipunctatae Pierce, 1909
Stylops bisalicidis Pierce, 1918
Stylops borcherti Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops borealis Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops bruneri Pierce, 1909
Stylops californicus Pierce, 1909
Stylops centroclarus Bohart, 1937
Stylops championi Pierce, 1918
Stylops childreni Gray, 1832
Stylops circularis Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops claytoniae Pierce, 1909
Stylops collinus Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops cornii Pierce, 1909
Stylops crawfordi Pierce, 1909
Stylops cressoni Pierce, 1909
Stylops cuneiformis Bohart, 1936
Stylops dalii Curtis, 1828
Stylops dentatae Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops deserticola Medvedev, 1970
Stylops dinizi Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops dominiquei Pierce, 1909
Stylops duboisi Bohart, 1937
Stylops dunningi Pierce, 1918
Stylops duriensis Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops elongatus Bohart, 1937
Stylops erigeniae Pierce, 1918
Stylops esteponensis Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops flavipedis Hofeneder, 1923
Stylops fukuiensis Kifune, 1991
Stylops giganteus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops grandior Pierce, 1918
Stylops gwynanai Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
Stylops hamellus Perkins, 1918
Stylops heterocingulatus Bohart, 1937
Stylops hippotes Pierce, 1909
Stylops hirashimai Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops ibericus Luna de Carvalho, 1969
Stylops izumoensis Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops japonicus Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops kaguyae Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops kinzelbachi Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops krygeri Pierce, 1918
Stylops leechi Bohart, 1941
Stylops liliputanus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops lunai (J. Fox and R. Fox, 1964)
Stylops lusohispanicus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops madrilensis Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops mandibularis Pierce, 1911
Stylops maxillaris Pasteels, 1949
Stylops medionitans Pierce, 1918
Stylops melittae Kirby, 1802
Stylops moestae Pierce, 1918
Stylops moniliaphagus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops montanus Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops muelleri Borchert, 1971
Stylops multiplicatae Pierce, 1909
Stylops murotai Kifune, 1991
Stylops nassonowi Pierce, 1909
Stylops neonanae Pierce, 1918
Stylops neotropicalis Kogan and Poinar, 2010
Stylops nevinsoni Perkins, 1918
Stylops nipponicus Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops nitidae Pasteels, 1954
Stylops nitidiusculae Poluszynski, 1927
Stylops nubeculae Pierce, 1909
Stylops nudae Pierce, 1911
Stylops nycthemerae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
Stylops obenbergeri Ogloblin, 1923
Stylops oblongulus Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops obsoletus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops oklahomae Pierce, 1909
Stylops orientis Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops ovinae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
Stylops pacificus Bohart, 1936
Stylops packardi Pierce, 1909
Stylops paracuellus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops parvulae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
Stylops pasteelsi Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops perkinsi Pasteels, 1949
Stylops pilipedis Pierce, 1911
Stylops polemonii Pierce, 1909
Stylops praecocis Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1927
Stylops risleri Kinzelbach, 1967
Stylops ruthenicus Schkaff, 1925
Stylops salamancanus Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops salicifloris Pierce, 1909
Stylops savignyi Hofeneder, 1924
Stylops shannoni (Pierce, 1918)
Stylops solidulae Pierce, 1909
Stylops sparsipilosae Pierce, 1909
Stylops spencii Pickering, 1835
Stylops spretus Perkins, 1918
Stylops subcandidae Pierce, 1909
Stylops subcircularis Kifune and Maeta, 1990
Stylops swenki Pierce, 1909
Stylops thwaitei Saunders, 1872
Stylops timberlakei Bohart, 1936
Stylops transversus Pasteels, 1949
Stylops truncatoides Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops truncatus Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops valerianae Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Stylops vandykei Bohart, 1936
Stylops ventricosae Pierce, 1909
Stylops vicinae Pierce, 1909
Stylops warnckei Luna de Carvalho, 1974
Stylops xanthurae Noskiewicz and Poluszynski, 1928
Stylops yamatonis Kifune and Hirashima, 1985
Tridactylophagus aduncus Maxumdar and Chaudhuri, 1999
Tridactylophagus buttonensis Kathirithamby, 1992
Tridactylophagus canberraensis Kathirithamby, 1992
Tridactylophagus carinatus Maxumdar and Chaudhuri, 1999
Tridactylophagus ceylonensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1980
Tridactylophagus coniferus Yang, 1964
Tridactylophagus harzi Kinzelbach, 1971
Tridactylophagus maculatus Chaudhuri, Ghosh and Das Gupta, 1983
Tridactylophagus mysorensis Subramaniam, 1932
Tridactylophagus orientalis (Chaudhuri and Das Gupta, 1979)
Tridactylophagus similis Kinzelbach, 1971
Tridactylophagus sinensis Yang, 1964
Triozocera africana Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Triozocera bedfordiensis Kathirithamby, 1990
Triozocera boharti Luna de Carvalho, 1967
Triozocera buehrheimi Kogan and Cook, 2014
Triozocera ceylonensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1983
Triozocera cooloolaensis Kathirithamby, 1990
Triozocera couturieri Abdul-Nour, 2002
Triozocera curvimaxillaria Kathirithamby, 1990
Triozocera dundoana Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Triozocera endrodyi Luna de Carvalho, 1973
Triozocera gigantea Luna de Carvalho, 1956
Triozocera innisfailensis Kathirithamby, 1990
Triozocera katherinensis Kathirithamby, 1990
Triozocera macroscyti Esaki and Miyamoto, 1958
Triozocera maxi J. Fox and R. Fox, 1964
Triozocera mexicana Pierce, 1909
Triozocera minor Miyamoto and Kifune, 1984
Triozocera moorookensis Kathirithamby, 1990
Triozocera papuana Kogan and Oliveira, 1964
Triozocera paradisea Kifune and Hirashima, 1989
Triozocera paulistana Kogan, 1958
Triozocera pugiopennis Chaudhuri and Das Gupta, 1979
Triozocera rydalmereiensis Kathirithamby, 1990
Triozocera siamensis Kifune and Hirashima, 1979
Triozocera tecpanensis Brailovsky and Márquez, 1974
Triozocera texana Pierce, 1911
Triozocera vernalis Kifune and Brailovsky, 1987
Uniclavus zambezensis Kathirithamby, 1989
Viridipromontoxius vanharteni Luna de Carvalho, 1985
Xenos acinctus (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
Xenos araujoi Oliveira and Kogan, 1962
Xenos argentinus Brèthes, 1923
Xenos bahiensis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
Xenos boharti Hofmann, 1965
Xenos bohlsi Hoffman, 1914
Xenos bonairensis Brèthes, 1923
Xenos brasiliensis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
Xenos circularis Kifune and Maeta, 1985
Xenos crabronis (Pierce, 1909)
Xenos fluminensis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
Xenos formosanus Kifune and Maeta, 1985
Xenos hamiltoni Kathirithamby and Hughes, 2006
Xenos hebraei Kinzelbach, 1978
Xenos hospitus Oliveira and Kogan, 1962
Xenos hunteri (Pierce, 1909)
Xenos indespectus Oliveira and Kogan, 1962
Xenos ivei Kifune, 1983
Xenos kifunei Cook and Mathison, 1997
Xenos minor Kinzelbach, 1971
Xenos moutoni (du Buysson, 1903)
Xenos myrapetrus (Trois, 1988)
Xenos nigrescens Brues, 1903
Xenos occidentalis (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)
Xenos oxyodontes Nakase and Kato, 2013
Xenos pallidus Brues, 1903
Xenos peckii Kirby, 1813
Xenos peruensis Kifune, 1979
Xenos provesparum Kifune, 1986
Xenos rostratus Trois, 1984
Xenos rubiginosi (Pierce, 1909)
Xenos stuckenbergi Pasteels, 1957
Xenos vesparum Rossius, 1793
Xenos vespularum Kifune and Maeta, 1975
Xenos yamaneorum Kifune and Maeta, 1985
Xenos zavattarii (Pierce, 1911)
Xenos zikani (Kogan and Oliveira, 1966)

Reference

^ Whiting, M. F (2003). „Strepsiptera”. Ур.: Resh, V. H.; R. T. Cardé. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. стр. 1094–1096.
^ Merriam-Webster: stylops broadly: an insect of the order Strepsiptera |[1]
^ Pierce, W. Dwight (1909). A monographic revision of the twisted winged insects comprising the order Strepsiptera Kirby. Washington: US Government.

Literatura

Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M.S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82149-5.

Spoljašnje veze

[insencyc-1] Whiting, M. F (2003). „Strepsiptera”. Ур.: Resh, V. H.; R. T. Cardé. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. стр. 1094–1096.

[2] Merriam-Webster: stylops broadly: an insect of the order Strepsiptera |[1]

[3] Pierce, W. Dwight (1909). A monographic revision of the twisted winged insects comprising the order Strepsiptera Kirby. Washington: US Government.

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