Nimfa (biologija)

U biologiji, nimfa je nezrela forma nekog beskičmenjaka, posebno isnekta, koja podleže postupnoj metamorfozi^[1]^[2]^[3] (hemimetabolizam) pre dostizanja svog odraslog doba.^[4] Za razliku od tipične larve, celokupni oblik nimfe već podseća na oblik odrasle jedinke, osim nedostatka krila (kod krilatih vrsta). Pored toga, dok se nimfa presvlači, ona nikad ne ulazi u stadijum lutke.^[5] Umesto toga, poslednji preobražaj rezultira odraslim insektom.^[6] Nimfe prolaze kroz više faza razvoja zvanih instari.

To je slučaj, na primer, kod pravokrilaca (zrikavci, skakavci i lokusti), riličara (cicadi, štitaste bube, belokrilke, lisne uši, džasidi, itd.), vodenih cvetova, termita, bubašvaba, bogomoljki, proletnjaka i vilinskih konjica (pravi vilini konjici i vodene device).^[7]

Nimfe vodenih insekata, kao što su Odonata, Ephemeroptera i Plecoptera, takođe se nazivaju i najade, što je starogrčki naziv za mitološke vodene nimfe. Neki entomolozi smatraju da bi se termini larva, nimfa i najada^[8] trebali koristiti prema klasifikaciji načina razvoja (hemimetaboličan, paurometaboličan ili holometabolous), ali drugi su istakli da nema prave zabune.^[9] U starijoj literaturi, oni su se ponekad nazivali heterometaboloznim insektima, jer njihovi odrasli i nezreli stadijumi žive u različitim sredinama (kopnenim nasuprot vodenih).^[10]

Odnos sa ljudima

U ribolovu mušičarenjem sa veštačkim muvama, ova faza vodenih insekata osnova je za čitav niz reprezentativnih obrazaca pastrmke.^[11] One čine više od polovine svih obrazaca kojima se redovno peca riba u Sjedinjenim Državama.

Vidi još

Najade u Grčkoj mitologiji

Reference

^ „metamorphosis | biology | Britannica”. www.britannica.com (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2022-04-01.
^ „What animals undergo incomplete metamorphosis? – Easierwithpractice.com”. easierwithpractice.com. Приступљено 2022-04-01.
^ Truman, James W. (2019-12-02). „The Evolution of Insect Metamorphosis”. Current Biology (на језику: енглески). 29 (23): R1252—R1268. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31794762. S2CID 208541817. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.009.
^ Encyclopedia of Entomology Ed. John L. Capinera. Dordrecht, London, Springer. 2008, 2nd Ed. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1 (Print) 978-1-4020-6359-6 (Online)
^ Borror, D. J.; DeLong, Dwight M.; Triplehorn, Charles A. (2004). Introduction to the Study of Insects (Sixth изд.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. ISBN 0-03-096835-6.
^ Truman, James (1999). The origins of insect metamorphosis. Washington: Macmillan Magazines Ltd. стр. 447. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 1. 2014. г.
^ Britton, David (9. 7. 2009). „Metamorphosis: a remarkable change”. Australian Museum. Приступљено 13. 7. 2015.
^ Bybee, Seth M.; Hansen, Quinn; Büsse, Sebastian; Cahill Wightman, Haley M.; Branham, Marc A. (2015). „For consistency's sake: the precise use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta: The use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta”. Systematic Entomology (на језику: енглески). 40 (4): 667—670. doi:10.1111/syen.12136.
^ Redei, David; Stys, Pavel (јул 2016). „Larva, nymph and naiad - for accuracy's sake.”. Systematic Entomology. 41 (3): 505—510. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 87053533. doi:10.1111/syen.12177.
^ Tutt, J. W. (1897). „The Nature of Metamorphosis”. Proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society: 20—27. Приступљено 17. 8. 2020.
^ Austin, Matthew (2004). „Nymph patterns of flies”. San Diego: theflystop.com.

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Spoljašnje veze

A Safrinet Manual for Entomology and Arachnology SPC
Tree of Life Project Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (16. јун 2013) – Insecta, Insecta Movies Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (17. септембар 2019)
Insect Morphology Overview of insect external and internal anatomy
Insects could be the key to meeting food needs of growing global population

[1] „metamorphosis | biology | Britannica”. www.britannica.com (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 2022-04-01.

[2] „What animals undergo incomplete metamorphosis? – Easierwithpractice.com”. easierwithpractice.com. Приступљено 2022-04-01.

[3] Truman, James W. (2019-12-02). „The Evolution of Insect Metamorphosis”. Current Biology (на језику: енглески). 29 (23): R1252—R1268. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31794762. S2CID 208541817. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.009.

[4] Encyclopedia of Entomology Ed. John L. Capinera. Dordrecht, London, Springer. 2008, 2nd Ed. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1 (Print) 978-1-4020-6359-6 (Online)

[5] Borror, D. J.; DeLong, Dwight M.; Triplehorn, Charles A. (2004). Introduction to the Study of Insects (Sixth изд.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. ISBN 0-03-096835-6.

[6] Truman, James (1999). The origins of insect metamorphosis. Washington: Macmillan Magazines Ltd. стр. 447. Архивирано из оригинала 31. 1. 2014. г.

[7] Britton, David (9. 7. 2009). „Metamorphosis: a remarkable change”. Australian Museum. Приступљено 13. 7. 2015.

[8] Bybee, Seth M.; Hansen, Quinn; Büsse, Sebastian; Cahill Wightman, Haley M.; Branham, Marc A. (2015). „For consistency's sake: the precise use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta: The use of larva, nymph and naiad within Insecta”. Systematic Entomology (на језику: енглески). 40 (4): 667—670. doi:10.1111/syen.12136.

[9] Redei, David; Stys, Pavel (јул 2016). „Larva, nymph and naiad - for accuracy's sake.”. Systematic Entomology. 41 (3): 505—510. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 87053533. doi:10.1111/syen.12177.

[10] Tutt, J. W. (1897). „The Nature of Metamorphosis”. Proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society: 20—27. Приступљено 17. 8. 2020.

[11] Austin, Matthew (2004). „Nymph patterns of flies”. San Diego: theflystop.com.

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