Bubašvabe

Bubašvabe; Vremenski raspon: 228–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Kasni trijas – sadašnjost
	Blaberus giganteus
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Arthropoda
Klasa:	Insecta
Nadred:	Dictyoptera
Red:	Blattodea
familije
	Blaberidae; Blattellidae; Blattidae; Cryptocercidae; Polyphagidae; Nocticolidae;
Sinonimi
	Blattaria;

Bubašvabe (lat. Blattodea, Blataria) ili žohari su red primarno krilatih insekata koji broji oko 3500 vrsta^[1], a većina se može pronaći u tropskim predelima, naročito u šumama ekvatorijalnog pojasa. Samo je desetak vrsta uspelo da proširi svoje areale do umerenog klimatskog pojasa.^[2] Telo im je slično telu skakavca, ali je dorzoventralno spljošteno. Bubašvabe poseduju velike oči i dve dugačke antene nalik na bičeve.

Građa krila kod bubašvaba zavisi od vrste. Kod nekih vrsta krila mogu biti i veoma dugačka, dok su ih neke vrste izgubile. Krila uglavnom služe za kratko jedrenje u vazduhu ili za održavanje ravnoteže. Ženka neko vreme nosi jaja između poslednja dva trbušna segmenta, ali ih konačno na kraju odlaže. Mlade bubašvabe se pojavljuju kao larve, koje podsećaju na odrasle jedinke. Mnoge vrste žive u malim zajednicama od nekoliko insekata iste starosti, a kućne vrste žive u mnogo većim zajednicama koje mogu da broje i do nekoliko hiljada jedinki.

Jedna od kućnih vrsta je obična bubašvaba (lat. Blatta orientalis) koja je prisutna skoro svuda.

Filogenija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dictyoptera

Manipulatoridae (izumrla)

	Alienopteridae (izumrla)

	Mantodea

Blattodea

Blaberoidea

Ectobiinae

Pseudophyllodromiinae

	Nyctiborinae

	Blattellinae

Blaberidae (gigantske bubašvabe)

Ectobiidae (ranije Blattellidae)

Solumblattodea

Corydioidea

	Corydiidae (peščane bubašvabe, etc.)

	Nocticolidae (pećinske bubašvabe, etc.)

Blattoidea

Blattoidae

	Tryonicidae

	Blattidae (Orijentalne, američke i druge bubašvabe)

	Archotermopsidae

	Hodotermitidae

	Serritermitidae

	Termitidae

(termiti)

Familije[uredi | uredi izvor]

Blaberidae
Blattellidae
Blattidae
Cryptocercidae
Hodotermitidae Desneux, 1904
Kalotermitidae Froggart, 1897
Polyphagidae
Rhinotermitidae Froggart, 1897
Termitidae Latreille, 1802
Termopsidae Holmgren, 1911

Podfamilije[uredi | uredi izvor]

Apicotermitinae Grassé and Noirot, 1955
Attaphilinae
Blaberinae
Blattellinae
Blattinae
Coptotermitinae Holmgren, 1910
Diplopterinae
Ectobiinae
Epilamprinae
Euthyrrhaphinae
Foraminitermitinae Holmgren, 1912
Heterotermitinae Froggatt, 1897
Holocompsinae
Macrotermitinae Kemner, 1934
Nasutitermitinae Hare, 1937
Nyctiborinae
Oxyhaloinae
Panchlorinae
Panesthiinae
Perisphaeriinae
Polyphaginae
Polyzosteriinae
Prorhinotermitinae Quennedy and Deligne, 1975
Pseudophyllodromiinae
Pycnoscelinae McKittrick, 1964
Sphaerotermitinae Engel and Krishna, 2004
Syntermitinae Engel and Krishna, 2004
Termitinae Latreille, 1802
Termopsinae Holmgren, 1911

Rodovi[uredi | uredi izvor]

Amitermes Silvestri, 1901
Anoplotermes Mueller, 1873
Arenivaga Rehn, 1903
Attaphila Wheeler, 1900
Balta Tepper, 1893
Blaberus Serville, 1831
Blatta Linnaeus, 1758
Blattella Caudell, 1903
Cahuallitermes Constantino, 1994
Calcaritermes Snyder, 1925
Cariblatta Hebard, 1916
Chorisoneura Brunner, 1865
Colapteroblatta Hebard, 1920
Compsodes Hebard, 1917
Coptotermes Wasmann, 1896
Cornitermes Wasmann, 1897
Cryptocercus Scudder, 1862
Cryptotermes Banks, 1906
Diploptera Saussure, 1864
Ectobius Stephens, 1835
Epilampra Burmeister, 1838
Eremoblatta Rehn, 1903
Eurycotis Stål, 1874
Euthlastoblatta Hebard, 1917
Euthyrrhapha Burmeister, 1838
Foraminitermes Holmgren, 1912
Glyptotermes Froggatt, 1896
Gnathamitermes Light, 1932
Hemiblablera Saussure, 1893
Heterotermes Froggatt, 1896
Holocompsa Burmeister, 1838
Hoplotermes Light, 1933
Incisitermes Krishna, 1961
Ischnoptera Burmeister, 1838
Kalotermes Hagen, 1853
Labiotermes Holmgren, 1912
Labritermes Holmgren, 1914
Latiblattella Hebard, 1917
Laxta F. Walker, 1868
Lobopterella Princis, 1957
Macropanesthia Saussure, 1895
Marginitermes Krishna, 1961
Microcerotermes Silvestri, 1901
Myrmecoblatta Mann, 1914
Nasutitermes Dudley, 1890
Nauphoeta Burmeister, 1838
Neoblattella Shelford, 1911
Neostylopyga Shelford, 1911
Neotermes Holmgren, 1911
Nyctibora Burmeister, 1838
Panchlora Burmeister, 1838
Paraneotermes Light, 1937
Parcoblatta Hebard, 1917
Periplaneta Burmeister, 1838
Phoetalia Stål, 1874
Platyzosteria Brunner, 1868
Plectoptera Saussure, 1864
Procornitermes Emerson in Snyder, 1949
Procryptotermes Holmgren, 1910
Prorhinotermes Silvestri, 1909
Pseudomops Serville, 1831
Pterotermes Holmgren, 1911
Pycnoscelus Scudder, 1862
Reticulitermes Holmgren, 1913
Rhyparobia Krauss, 1892
Sphaerotermes Holmgren, 1912
Supella Shelford, 1911
Symploce Hebard, 1916
Syntermes Holmgren, 1909
Tenuirostritermes Holmgren, 1912
Termes Linnaeus, 1758
Zetha Shelford, 1913
Zootermopsis Emerson, 1933

Vrste[uredi | uredi izvor]

Amitermes beaumonti Banks, 1918
Amitermes coachellae Light, 1930
Amitermes cryptodon Light, 1930
Amitermes emersoni Light, 1930
Amitermes ensifer Light, 1930
Amitermes floridensis Scheffrahn, Su and Mangold, 1989
Amitermes minimus Light, 1932
Amitermes pallidus Light, 1932
Amitermes parvulus Light, 1932
Amitermes silvestrianus Light, 1930
Amitermes snyderi Light, 1930
Amitermes wheeleri (Desneux, 1906)
Anoplotermes fumosus (Hagen, 1860)
Arenivaga apacha (Saussure, 1893)
Arenivaga bolliana (Saussure, 1893)
Arenivaga erratica (Rehn, 1903)
Arenivaga floridensis Caudell, 1918
Arenivaga genitalis Caudell, 1918
Arenivaga grata Hebard, 1920
Arenivaga investigata Friauf and Edney, 1969
Arenivaga rehni Hebard, 1917
Arenivaga tonkawa Hebard, 1920
Attaphila fungicola Wheeler, 1900
Balta notulata (Stål, 1861)
Balta similis (Saussure, 1869)
Blaberus craniifer Burmeister, 1838
Blaberus discoidalis Serville, 1839
Blaberus giganteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Blatta lateralis (F. Walker, 1868)
Blatta orientalis Linnaeus, 1758
Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, 1981
Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767)
Blattella lituricollis (Walker, 1868)
Blattella vaga Hebard, 1935
Cahuallitermes aduncus Constantino, 1994
Cahuallitermes intermedius (Snyder, 1922)
Calcaritermes colei Krishna, 1962
Calcaritermes nearcticus (Snyder, 1933)
Calcaritermes parvinotus (Light, 1933)
Cariblatta lutea (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
Cariblatta minima Hebard, 1916
Chorisoneura parishi Rehn, 1918
Chorisoneura texensis Saussure and Zehntner, 1893
Colapteroblatta nigra (Brunner, 1892)
Compsodes cucullatus (Saussure and Zehntner, 1894)
Compsodes schwarzi (Caudell, 1903)
Coptotermes crassus Snyder, 1922
Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909
Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896)
Coptotermes testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cryptocercus clevelandi Byers, 1997
Cryptocercus darwini Burnside, Smith and Kambhampati, 1999
Cryptocercus garciai Burnside, Smith and Kambhampati, 1999
Cryptocercus kyebangensis Grandcolas, 2001
Cryptocercus matilei Grandcolas, 2000
Cryptocercus primarius Bey-Bienko, 1938
Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder, 1862
Cryptocercus relictus Bey-Bienko, 1935
Cryptocercus wrighti Burnside, Smith and Kambhampati, 1999
Cryptotermes abruptus Scheffrahn and Krecek, 1998
Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1853)
Cryptotermes cavifrons Banks, 1906
Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light, 1921
Cryptotermes fatulus (Light, 1935)
Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjostedt, 1900)
Cryptotermes longicollis (Banks, 1918)
Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz, 1822)
Ectobius lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ectobius pallidus (Olivier, 1789)
Ectobius sylvestris (Poda, 1761)
Epilampra maya Rehn, 1902
Eremoblatta subdiaphana (Scudder, 1902)
Eurycotis caraibea (Bolivar, 1888)
Eurycotis floridana (Walker, 1868)
Eurycotis lixa Rehn, 1930
Eurycotis opaca (Brunner, 1865)
Eurycotis tibialis Hebard, 1916
Euthlastoblatta abortiva (Caudell, 1904)
Euthlastoblatta diaphana (Fabricius, 1793)
Euthlastoblatta gemma (Hebard, 1917)
Euthyrrhapha pacifica (Coquebert, 1804)
Glyptotermes seeversi Krishna and Emerson, 1962
Gnathamitermes grandis (Light, 1930)
Gnathamitermes nigriceps (Light, 1930)
Gnathamitermes perplexus (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
Gnathamitermes tubiformans (Buckley, 1862)
Hemiblablera tenebricosa Rehn and Hebard, 1927
Heterotermes aureus (Snyder, 1920)
Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder, 1924)
Heterotermes maculatus Light, 1933
Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen, 1858)
Holocompsa azteca Saussure, 1862
Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius, 1781)
Hoplotermes amplus Light, 1933
Incisitermes arizonensis (Snyder, 1926)
Incisitermes banksi (Snyder, 1920)
Incisitermes emersoni (Light, 1933)
Incisitermes fruticavus Rust, 1979
Incisitermes immigrans (Snyder, 1922)
Incisitermes marginipennis (Latreille, 1811)
Incisitermes milleri (Emerson, 1943)
Incisitermes minor (Hagen, 1858)
Incisitermes nigritus (Snyder, 1946)
Incisitermes perparvus (Light, 1933)
Incisitermes platycephalus (Light, 1933)
Incisitermes schwarzi (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
Incisitermes seeversi (Snyder and Emerson, 1949)
Incisitermes snyderi (Light, 1933)
Ischnoptera bilunata Saussure, 1869
Ischnoptera deropeltiformis (Brunner, 1865)
Ischnoptera nox Hebard, 1920
Ischnoptera rufa (De Geer, 1773)
Kalotermes approximatus Snyder in Banks and Snyder, 1920
Latiblattella lucifrons Hebard, 1917
Latiblattella rehni Hebard, 1917
Laxta granicollis (Saussure, 1862)
Lobopterella dimidiatipes (Bolivar, 1890)
Macropanesthia rhinoceros Saussure, 1895
Marginitermes cactiphagus Myles, 1997
Marginitermes hubbardi (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
Microcerotermes arboreus Emerson, 1925
Microcerotermes bouvieri (Desneux, 1904)
Microcerotermes gracilis Light, 1933
Microcerotermes septentrionalis Light, 1933
Myrmecoblatta wheeleri Hebard, 1917
Nasutitermes colimae Light, 1933
Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1855)
Nasutitermes costalis (Holmgren, 1910)
Nasutitermes ephratae (Holmgren, 1910)
Nasutitermes mexicanus Light, 1933
Nasutitermes nigriceps (Haldeman, 1853)
Nasutitermes pictus Light, 1933
Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier, 1789)
Neoblattella detersa (F. Walker, 1868)
Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll, 1813)
Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister, 1839)
Neotermes connexus Snyder, 1922
Neotermes holmgreni Banks, 1918
Neotermes jouteli (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
Neotermes larseni (Light, 1935)
Neotermes luykxi Nickle and Collins, 1989
Nyctibora laevigata (Beauvois, 1805)
Nyctibora noctivaga Rehn, 1902
Panchlora exoleta Burmeister, 1838
Panchlora latipennis Saussure and Zehntner, 1893
Panchlora nivea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Paraneotermes simplicicornis (Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920)
Parcoblatta americana (Scudder, 1901)
Parcoblatta bolliana (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
Parcoblatta caudelli Hebard, 1917
Parcoblatta desertae (Rehn and Hebard, 1909)
Parcoblatta divisa (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner, 1893)
Parcoblatta lata (Brunner, 1865)
Parcoblatta notha (Rehn and Hebard, 1910)
Parcoblatta pensylvanica (De Geer, 1773)
Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure, 1862)
Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner, 1865)
Parcoblatta zebra Hebard, 1917
Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius, 1775)
Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister, 1838
Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville, 1839)
Phoetalia pallida (Brunner, 1865)
Platyzosteria soror (Brunner, 1865)
Plectoptera picta Saussure and Zehntner, 1893
Plectoptera poeyi (Saussure, 1862)
Procryptotermes hesperus Scheffrahn and Krecek, 2001
Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen, 1858)
Pseudomops septentrionalis Hebard, 1917
Pterotermes occidentis (Walker, 1853)
Pycnoscelus indicus (Fabricius, 1775)
Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Reticulitermes arenincola Goellner, 1931
Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837)
Reticulitermes hageni Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920
Reticulitermes hesperus Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920
Reticulitermes tibialis Banks in Banks and Snyder, 1920
Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks, 1907)
Rhyparobia maderae (Fabricius, 1781)
Supella longipalpa (Fabricius, 1798)
Symploce morsei Hebard, 1916
Symploce pallens (Stephens, 1835)
Tenuirostritermes briciae (Snyder, 1922)
Tenuirostritermes cinereus (Buckley, 1862)
Tenuirostritermes incisus (Snyder, 1922)
Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris (Desneux, 1904)
Termes hispaniolae (Banks, 1918)
Termes melindae Harris, 1960
Termes panamaensis (Snyder, 1923)
Zetha simonyi (Krauss, 1892)
Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen, 1858)
Zootermopsis laticeps (Banks, 1906)
Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen, 1874)

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 186. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.
^ „ITIS Standard Report Page: Blattodea”. www.itis.gov. Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2018.

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

[британика_1-1] Mišić, Milan, ur. (2005). Enciklopedija Britanika. A-B. Beograd: Narodna knjiga : Politika. str. 186. ISBN 86-331-2075-5.

[2] „ITIS Standard Report Page: Blattodea”. www.itis.gov. Pristupljeno 10. 5. 2018.

[1]

[2]

Normativna kontrola
Državne	Letonija Japan Češka
Ostale	Enciklopedija Britanika