Снаха — разлика између измена

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Снаха или снаја (тепајући снајка) представља синову, братову, сестрићеву или братанчеву супругу. In law and in cultural anthropology, affinity is the kinship relationship created or that exists between two people as a result of someone's marriage. It is the relationship which each party to a marriage has to the relations of the other partner to the marriage, but it does not cover the marital relationship itself.^[1]^[2] Laws, traditions and customs relating to affinity vary considerably, sometimes ceasing with the death of one of the marriage partners through whom affinity is traced, and sometimes with the divorce of the marriage partners. In addition to kinship by marriage, "affinity" can sometimes also include kinship by adoption^[3]^[4] or a step relationship.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Unlike blood relationships (consanguinity^[8]^[9]), which may have genetic consequences, affinity is essentially a social or moral construct, at times backed by legal consequences.

In law, affinity may be relevant in relation to prohibitions on incestuous sexual relations^[10]^[11] and in relation to whether particular couples are prohibited from marrying.^[12]^[13]^[14] Which relationships are prohibited vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and have varied over time. In some countries, especially in the past, the prohibited relationships were based on religious laws. In some countries, the prohibition on sexual relations between persons in an affinity relationship may be expressed in terms of degrees of relationship. The degree of affinity is considered the same as the consanguineal level a couple was joined, so that, for example, the degree of affinity of a husband to his sister-in-law is two, the same as the wife would be to her sister on the basis of consanguinity. The degree to the wife’s parent or child is one, and to an aunt or niece it is three, and first cousin it is four. Though adoption and step relationships are cases of affinity, they are normally treated as consanguinity.

Сродство

У овом случају се ради о тзв. тазбинском сродству. То је правна веза која се ствара између једног брачног друга и сродника другог брачног друга. Права и обавезе, у правном смислу, скоро и да не постоје за време трајања брака, већ свој највећи домет остварују управо по његовом престанку. За време брака ова веза је пре морална и друштвена, него правна. У тазбинском сродству се налазе и нпр. супружници родитеља (очух и маћеха) и њихова пасторчад, зет и ташта итд.

Предрасуде и обичаји у Србији

Постоји предрасуда да се снаха и свекар (мужев отац) увек лепо слажу, док је са свекрвом управо супротно. У вези са тим постоје многе анегдоте, приче и вицеви. Приликом венчања, у Србији, свекрва држи испод руку две векне хлеба или погаче и даје снаји да загризе, да би се добро слагале у будућем животу. Такође, свекрва даје снаји сито у којем су јабука, жито, цвеће и бомбоне. Млада баца садржину сита на сватове, а затим сито баца на кров куће у којој ће живети. По веровању, ако се сито задржи и снаја ће остати у кући. Свекрва снају може дочекати у кући и тада и њој и свом сину (младожењи) ставља у уста по комад шећера како би им живот био сладак. Снаха седа свекрви у крило, а тек се онда поздравља са родбином свог мужа.^[15] Данас је модерно да свекрва купује снаји скупоцени накит. Сматра се да је и то део старих обичаја.^[16]

Према традицији, млада када долази у кућу, треба да надене име сваком од укућана и тим именом ће га увек звати. Девера може назвати: браца, ага, милошта, господин, златоје, а заову сеја, сеша, сећа, кадивица, дукатинка итд.^[17]

Терминологија

Српски књижевни језик дозвољава и облик снаха и снаја „с тим што се речи снаха даје предност јер се снаја сматра фамилијарним обликом”.^[18]

Examples

In South Africa, sexual relations are prohibited within the first degree of affinity, that is, where one person is the direct ancestor or descendant of the spouse of the other person.^[19]

Brazilian law, by the Article 1521 of the Civil Code, also extends the invalidity of marriage between parents and children to grandparents and grandchildren or any other sort of ascendant-descendant relationship (both consanguineous and adoptive), parents-in-law and children-in-law even after the divorce of the earlier couple, as well as to stepparents and stepchildren, and former spouses to an adoptive parent who did this unilaterally (regarded as an equivalent, in families formed by adoption, to stepparents and stepchildren); and extends the invalidity of marriage between siblings to biological cousin-siblings.^[20]^[21]

In Hawaii, sexual penetration and marriage is prohibited within close degrees of affinity and is punishable by up to 5 years.^[22]

In Michigan, sexual contact between persons related "by blood or affinity to the third degree" are chargeable as criminal sexual conduct in the 4th degree and punishable by a 2-year sentence or a fine of up to $500 or both.^[23]

Види још

Српски сроднички односи

Референце

^ Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2011). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (13th изд.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-81178-7.
^ Ember, Carol R. (2016). „Marriage and Family”. Explaining Human Culture. New Haven, Ct.: Human Relations Area Files.
^ „Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families”. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau. 2005. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 5. 2008. г. Приступљено 10. 5. 2008.
^ „Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families: Summary of State Laws” (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau. 2009. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2022-10-09. г.
^ The Free Dictionary By Farlex. „stepfather”. Приступљено 6. 5. 2012.
^ The Free Dictionary By Farlex. „Stepmother”. Приступљено 6. 5. 2012.
^ „Stepparents' Rights and Responsibilities in Australia” (PDF). Stepfamilies Australia. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 4. 2. 2014. г. Приступљено 6. 4. 2014.
^ O'Sullivan, Kathryn (2019). „Access to marriage: consanguinity and affinity prohibitions in national and international context”. Irish Journal of Family Law. 22 (2): 8—12.
^ Ritchie, Herbert (1940). „Methods of Intestate Succession”. University of Cincinnati Law Review. 14: 508.
^ „Incest”. Oxford University Press. 2013. Архивирано из оригинала 26. 6. 2013. г. Приступљено 27. 8. 2013.
^ „Incest”. Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN). 2009. Приступљено 27. 8. 2013.
^ Bittles, Alan Holland (2012). Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge University Press. стр. 178—187. ISBN 978-0521781862. Приступљено 27. 8. 2013.
^ Hipp, Dietmar (11. 3. 2008). „German High Court Takes a Look at Incest”. Der Spiegel. Приступљено 12. 4. 2008.
^ Wolf, Arthur P.; Durham, William H. (2004). Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century. Stanford University Press. стр. 169. ISBN 978-0-8047-5141-4.
^ Драгоцена веза са матицом: „Обичаји-свадба“, Приступљено 25. 4. 2013.
^ Екстраваганца: „Младе се држе традиције“ Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (5. март 2016), Приступљено 25. 4. 2013.
^ Милановић, С. 2008. Народна традиција. (публикација). НИП „Дечја кућа“ д. о. о. Горњи Милановац. ISBN 86-86553-01-X
^ Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of (5. 10. 2020). „Хајвар”. www.rts.rs. Приступљено 7. 10. 2020.
^ Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007, s. 12 Архивирано 2018-04-17 на сајту Wayback Machine.
^ „Mundo do Direito, da História, da Música e da Literatura.”. direitomaisdireito.blogspot.com.br.
^ „Direito Brasil – Marriage” (PDF) (на језику: португалски). Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2019-01-11. г. Приступљено 2019-01-15.
^ Haw. Rev. Stat. § 707-741 and 706-660
^ „Michigan Legislature - Section 750.520e”. www.legislature.mi.gov. Приступљено 2022-10-03.

Литература

Baten, Joerg; de Pleijt, Alexandra M. (2018). „Girl power Generates Superstars in Long-term Development: Female Autonomy and Human Capital Formation in Early Modern Europe”. CEPR Working Paper. 13348.
Westermarck, Edward (2003-04-01). History of Human Marriage 1922 (на језику: енглески). Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-4618-1.
Westermarck, Edward (1936). The Future of Marriage in Western Civilisation (на језику: енглески). Books for Libraries Press. ISBN 978-0-8369-5304-6.
Notes and Queries on Anthropology. Royal Anthropological Institute. 1951.
Gough, E. Kathleen (1959). „The Nayars and the Definition of Marriage”. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 89 (1): 23—34. JSTOR 2844434. doi:10.2307/2844434.
Gough, Kathleen (1968). „The Nayars and the Definition of Marriage”. Ур.: Paul Bohannan & John Middleton. Marriage, Family and Residence. New York: Natural History Press.
Leach, Edmund (децембар 1955). „Polyandry, Inheritance and the Definition of Marriage”. Man. 55 (12): 183. JSTOR 2795331. doi:10.2307/2795331.
Bell, Duran (1997). „Defining Marriage and Legitimacy” (PDF). Current Anthropology. 38 (2): 237—54. JSTOR 2744491. S2CID 144637145. doi:10.1086/204606. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 24. 5. 2017. г. Приступљено 6. 4. 2013.
Lung, Tang (2014). „Marriage of Inanna and Dumuzi”. World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia.
Bellarmine, Robert (1847). „The fifteenth precept, on Matrimony”. The Art of Dying Well. Превод: John Dalton. Richardson and Son.
Jones, Lucy; Mills, Sara; Paterson, Laura L.; Turner, Georgina; Coffey-Glover, Laura (2017). „Identity and naming practices in British marriage and civil partnerships” (PDF). Gender and Language. 11 (3): 309—35. doi:10.1558/genl.27916.
Council of Trent (1829). „Part 2: Holy Matrimony”. The catechism of the Council of Trent. Превод: James Donovan. Lucas Brothers.
For Better, for Worse: British Marriages, 1600 to the Present John Gillis. 1985. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503614-X
The Council of Trent on Marriage by the Catholic Church
„Legal Regulation of Marital Relations: An Historical and Comparative Approach – Gautier 19 (1): 47 – International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family”. Архивирано из оригинала 2005-12-17. г.
Goody, Jack (1976). Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roes, Frans L. (1992). „The Size of Societies, Monogamy, and Belief in High Gods Supporting Human Morality”. Tijdschrift voor Sociale Wetenschappen. 37 (1).
„The Demographics of Remarriage”. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project (на језику: енглески). 2014-11-14. Приступљено 2021-06-28.
Fox, Robin (1997). Reproduction & Succession: Studies in Anthropology, Law and Society. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Simpson, Bob (1998). Changing Families: An Ethnographic Approach to Divorce and Separation. Oxford: Berg.
Zeitzen, Miriam Koktvedgaard (2008). Polygamy: a cross-cultural analysis. Berg. ISBN 978-1-84520-220-0.
Dupanloup I, Pereira L, Bertorelle G, Calafell F, Prata MJ, Amorim A, Barbujani G (2003). „A recent shift from polygyny to monogamy in humans is suggested by the analysis of worldwide Y-chromosome diversity”. J Mol Evol. 57 (1). Bibcode:2003JMolE..57...85D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.454.1662 . PMID 12962309. S2CID 2673314. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2458-x.
Ember, Carol R. (2011). „What we know and what we don't know about variation in social organization: Melvin Ember's approach to the study of kinship”. Cross-Cultural Research. 45 (1). S2CID 143952998. doi:10.1177/1069397110383947.
Zeitzen, Miriam Koktvedgaard (2008). Polygamy: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Oxford: Berg. ISBN 978-1-84788-617-0.
Fox, Robin (1997). Reproduction & Succession: Studies in Anthropology, Law, and Society. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Starkweather, Katherine; Hames, Raymond (јун 2012). „A survey of non-classical polyandry”. Human Nature. 23 (2): 149—72. PMID 22688804. S2CID 2008559. doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9144-x. Архивирано из оригинала 23. 9. 2017. г.
Starkweather, Katherine; Hames, Raymond (јун 2012). „A survey of non-classical polyandry”. Human Nature. 23 (2): 149—72. PMID 22688804. S2CID 2008559. doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9144-x.
Levine, Nancy (1998). The Dynamics of polyandry: kinship, domesticity, and population on the Tibetan border. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wolf, Arthur P.; Durham, William H. (2004). Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century. Stanford University Press. стр. 3. ISBN 978-0-8047-5141-4.
Fareed, M; Afzal, M (2014). „Estimating the inbreeding depression on cognitive behavior: A population based study of child cohort”. PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e109585. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9585F. PMC 4196914 . PMID 25313490. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109585 .
Schneider, D. M. (1976). „The meaning of incest”. The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 85 (2): 149—169.
White, L. A. (1948). „The definition and prohibition of incest”. American Anthropologist. 50 (3): 416—435. PMID 18874938. doi:10.1525/aa.1948.50.3.02a00020 .
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Спољашње везе

Affinity (In the Bible) an article from the Catholic Encyclopedia

[1] Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2011). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (13th изд.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-81178-7.

[2] Ember, Carol R. (2016). „Marriage and Family”. Explaining Human Culture. New Haven, Ct.: Human Relations Area Files.

[3] „Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families”. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau. 2005. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 5. 2008. г. Приступљено 10. 5. 2008.

[4] „Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families: Summary of State Laws” (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau. 2009. Архивирано (PDF) из оригинала 2022-10-09. г.

[5] The Free Dictionary By Farlex. „stepfather”. Приступљено 6. 5. 2012.

[6] The Free Dictionary By Farlex. „Stepmother”. Приступљено 6. 5. 2012.

[7] „Stepparents' Rights and Responsibilities in Australia” (PDF). Stepfamilies Australia. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 4. 2. 2014. г. Приступљено 6. 4. 2014.

[8] O'Sullivan, Kathryn (2019). „Access to marriage: consanguinity and affinity prohibitions in national and international context”. Irish Journal of Family Law. 22 (2): 8—12.

[9] Ritchie, Herbert (1940). „Methods of Intestate Succession”. University of Cincinnati Law Review. 14: 508.

[Incest1-10] „Incest”. Oxford University Press. 2013. Архивирано из оригинала 26. 6. 2013. г. Приступљено 27. 8. 2013.

[Incest2-11] „Incest”. Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN). 2009. Приступљено 27. 8. 2013.

[Bittles-12] Bittles, Alan Holland (2012). Consanguinity in Context. Cambridge University Press. стр. 178—187. ISBN 978-0521781862. Приступљено 27. 8. 2013.

[spiegel-13] Hipp, Dietmar (11. 3. 2008). „German High Court Takes a Look at Incest”. Der Spiegel. Приступљено 12. 4. 2008.

[Wolf169-14] Wolf, Arthur P.; Durham, William H. (2004). Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century. Stanford University Press. стр. 169. ISBN 978-0-8047-5141-4.

[15] Драгоцена веза са матицом: „Обичаји-свадба“, Приступљено 25. 4. 2013.

[16] Екстраваганца: „Младе се држе традиције“ Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (5. март 2016), Приступљено 25. 4. 2013.

[17] Милановић, С. 2008. Народна традиција. (публикација). НИП „Дечја кућа“ д. о. о. Горњи Милановац. ISBN 86-86553-01-X

[18] Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of (5. 10. 2020). „Хајвар”. www.rts.rs. Приступљено 7. 10. 2020.

[19] Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007, s. 12 Архивирано 2018-04-17 на сајту Wayback Machine.

[direito_mais_direito-20] „Mundo do Direito, da História, da Música e da Literatura.”. direitomaisdireito.blogspot.com.br.

[direitobrasil-21] „Direito Brasil – Marriage” (PDF) (на језику: португалски). Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2019-01-11. г. Приступљено 2019-01-15.

[22] Haw. Rev. Stat. § 707-741 and 706-660

[23] „Michigan Legislature - Section 750.520e”. www.legislature.mi.gov. Приступљено 2022-10-03.

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@@ Ред 1: / Ред 1: @@
+{{short description|Правни и антрополошки концепт}}{{rut}}
-'''Снаха''' или '''снаја''' (тепајући '''снајка''') представља [[син]]ову, [[брат]]ову, [[српски сроднички односи|сестрићеву]] или [[српски сроднички односи|братанчеву]] [[супруга|супругу]].
+'''Снаха''' или '''снаја''' (тепајући '''снајка''') представља [[син]]ову, [[брат]]ову, [[српски сроднички односи|сестрићеву]] или [[српски сроднички односи|братанчеву]] [[супруга|супругу]]. In law and in [[cultural anthropology]], affinity is the [[kinship]] relationship created or that exists between two people as a result of someone's [[marriage]]. It is the relationship which each party to a marriage has to the relations of the other partner to the marriage, but it does not cover the [[marital relationship]] itself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haviland |first1=William A. |last2=Prins |first2=Harald E.L. |last3=McBride |first3=Bunny |last4=Walrath |first4=Dana |year=2011 |title=Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-81178-7 |edition=13th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ember |first=Carol R. |date=2016 |title=Marriage and Family |url=https://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/marriage-and-family |journal=Explaining Human Culture |location=New Haven, Ct. |publisher=Human Relations Area Files}}</ref> Laws, traditions and customs relating to affinity vary considerably, sometimes ceasing with the death of one of the marriage partners through whom affinity is traced, and sometimes with the divorce of the marriage partners. In addition to kinship by marriage, "affinity" can sometimes also include kinship by [[adoption]]<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families |year=2005 |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau |url=http://childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperative.cfm |access-date=10 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513140059/http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperative.cfm |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families: Summary of State Laws |year=2009 |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau |url=http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperativeall.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperativeall.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> or a [[Stepfamily|step relationship]].<ref>{{cite web|last=The Free Dictionary By Farlex|title=stepfather|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stepfather|access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=The Free Dictionary By Farlex|title=Stepmother|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stepmother|access-date=6 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Stepparents' Rights and Responsibilities in Australia|url=http://www.stepfamily.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Stepparents-Rights-and-Responsibilities-in-Australia2.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204000702/http://www.stepfamily.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Stepparents-Rights-and-Responsibilities-in-Australia2.pdf|archive-date=4 February 2014|access-date=6 April 2014|publisher=Stepfamilies Australia}}</ref>
+Unlike blood relationships ([[consanguinity]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=O'Sullivan |first1=Kathryn |title=Access to marriage: consanguinity and affinity prohibitions in national and international context |journal=Irish Journal of Family Law |date=2019 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=8–12}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ritchie |first1=Herbert |title=Methods of Intestate Succession |journal=University of Cincinnati Law Review |date=1940 |volume=14 |page=508}}</ref>), which may have genetic consequences, affinity is essentially a social or moral construct, at times backed by legal consequences.
+In law, affinity may be relevant in relation to prohibitions on [[incest|incestuous sexual relations]]<ref name="Incest1">{{cite web|title=Incest|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2013|access-date=27 August 2013|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/incest|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626012345/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/incest|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Incest2">{{cite web|title=Incest|publisher=[[Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network]] (RAINN)|year=2009|access-date=27 August 2013|url=http://www.rainn.org/get-information/types-of-sexual-assault/incest}}</ref> and in relation to whether particular couples are [[Legality of incest|prohibited from marrying]].<ref name="Bittles">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6CsCXXE8skC&pg=PA178 |title=Consanguinity in Context |last=Bittles |first=Alan Holland |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0521781862 |pages=178–187 |access-date=27 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="spiegel">{{cite magazine |last=Hipp |first=Dietmar |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,540831,00.html |title=German High Court Takes a Look at Incest |date=11 March 2008 |magazine=Der Spiegel |access-date=12 April 2008}}</ref><ref name= Wolf169>{{cite book |title=Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century |first1=Arthur P. |last1=Wolf |first2=William H. |last2=Durham |author2-link=William H. Durham |year=2004 |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OW1nuQxcIQgC&pg=PA169 |isbn=978-0-8047-5141-4}}</ref> Which relationships are prohibited vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and have varied over time. In some countries, especially in the past, the prohibited relationships were based on religious laws. In some countries, the prohibition on sexual relations between persons in an affinity relationship may be expressed in terms of [[Degree of relationship|degrees of relationship]]. The degree of affinity is considered the same as the consanguineal level a couple was joined, so that, for example, the degree of affinity of a husband to his sister-in-law is two, the same as the wife would be to her sister on the basis of consanguinity. The degree to the wife’s parent or child is one, and to an aunt or niece it is three, and first cousin it is four. Though adoption and step relationships are cases of affinity, they are normally treated as consanguinity.
 == Сродство ==
@@ Ред 13: / Ред 19: @@
 == Терминологија ==
 Српски књижевни језик дозвољава и облик ''снаха'' и ''снаја'' „с тим што се речи '''''снаха''''' даје предност јер се ''снаја'' сматра фамилијарним обликом”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/radio/ci/story/27/radio-beograd-1/4098958/hajvar.html|title=Хајвар|last=Serbia|first=RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of|date=5. 10. 2020.|website=www.rts.rs|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=7. 10. 2020.}}</ref>
+==Examples==
+In [[Legality of incest#South Africa|South Africa]], sexual relations are prohibited within the first degree of affinity, that is, where one person is the direct ancestor or descendant of the spouse of the other person.<ref>[[Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007]], [http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2007-032.pdf s. 12] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417022314/http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/acts/2007-032.pdf |date=2018-04-17 }}.</ref>
+[[Legality of incest#Brazil|Brazilian law]], by the Article 1521 of the Civil Code, also extends the invalidity of marriage between parents and children to grandparents and grandchildren or any other sort of ascendant-descendant relationship (both consanguineous and adoptive), parents-in-law and children-in-law even after the divorce of the earlier couple, as well as to stepparents and stepchildren, and former spouses to an adoptive parent who did this unilaterally (regarded as an equivalent, in families formed by adoption, to stepparents and stepchildren); and extends the invalidity of marriage between siblings to biological cousin-siblings.<ref name="direito mais direito">{{cite web |title=Mundo do Direito, da História, da Música e da Literatura. |url=http://direitomaisdireito.blogspot.com.br/2010/02/situacoes-nas-quais-duas-pessoas-estao.html |work=direitomaisdireito.blogspot.com.br}}</ref><ref name="direitobrasil">{{Cite web |url=http://www.direitobrasil.adv.br/arquivospdf/revista/revistav42/aulas/Cas20102.pdf |title=Direito Brasil – Marriage |language=pt |access-date=2019-01-15 |archive-date=2019-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111085341/http://www.direitobrasil.adv.br/arquivospdf/revista/revistav42/aulas/Cas20102.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+In [[Hawaii]], sexual penetration and marriage is prohibited within close degrees of affinity and is punishable by up to 5 years.<ref>Haw. Rev. Stat. § [http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/histatutes/5/37/707/V/707-741 707-741] and [http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/histatutes/5/37/706/IV/and/706-660 706-660]</ref>
+In [[Michigan]], sexual contact between persons related "by blood or affinity to the third degree" are chargeable as criminal sexual conduct in the 4th degree and punishable by a 2-year sentence or a fine of up to $500 or both.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michigan Legislature - Section 750.520e |url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(4ncgkt1idp5xpr3lasgtpmia))/mileg.aspx?page=getobject&objectname=mcl-750-520e |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=www.legislature.mi.gov}}</ref>
 == Види још ==
@@ Ред 18: / Ред 34: @@
 == Референце ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{reflist|}}
+== Литература ==
+{{refbegin|30em}}
+* {{Cite journal |last1=Baten |first1=Joerg |last2=de Pleijt |first2=Alexandra M. |date=2018 |title=Girl power Generates Superstars in Long-term Development: Female Autonomy and Human Capital Formation in Early Modern Europe |journal=CEPR Working Paper |volume=13348}}
+* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShU3N7_GaMYC|title=History of Human Marriage 1922|last=Westermarck|first=Edward|author-link=Edvard Westermarck|date=2003-04-01|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|isbn=978-0-7661-4618-1|page= |language=en}}
+* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZ8LyGDtSZIC|title=The Future of Marriage in Western Civilisation|last=Westermarck|first=Edward|author-link=Edvard Westermarck|date=1936|publisher=Books for Libraries Press|isbn=978-0-8369-5304-6|page=|language=en}}
+* {{cite book|title=Notes and Queries on Anthropology|publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute|year=1951|page= }}
+* {{Cite journal|last=Gough|first=E. Kathleen|title=The Nayars and the Definition of Marriage|journal=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|year=1959|pages=23–34|volume=89|issue=1|doi=10.2307/2844434|jstor=2844434}}
+* {{cite book|last=Gough|first=Kathleen|title=Marriage, Family and Residence|year=1968|publisher=Natural History Press|location=New York|page= |editor=Paul Bohannan & John Middleton|chapter=The Nayars and the Definition of Marriage}}
+* {{cite journal|last=Leach|first=Edmund|title=Polyandry, Inheritance and the Definition of Marriage|journal=Man|date=Dec 1955|volume=55|issue=12|page=183|doi=10.2307/2795331|jstor=2795331}}
+* {{cite journal|last=Bell|first=Duran|title=Defining Marriage and Legitimacy|jstor=2744491|url=http://www.economics.uci.edu/~dbell/marriageandlegit.pdf|journal=Current Anthropology|year=1997|volume=38|issue=2|pages=237–54|doi=10.1086/204606|s2cid=144637145|access-date=6 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524221837/http://www.economics.uci.edu/~dbell/marriageandlegit.pdf|archive-date=24 May 2017|url-status=dead}}
+* {{cite web|last=Lung|first=Tang|title=Marriage of Inanna and Dumuzi|url=http://www.worldhistory.org/image/2636/|website=World History Encyclopedia|publisher=World History Encyclopedia|date=2014}}
+* {{cite book|chapter=[[s:The Art of Dying Well/Chapter 15|The fifteenth precept, on Matrimony]]|title=The Art of Dying Well|year=1847|publisher=Richardson and Son|first=Robert|last=Bellarmine|author-link=Robert Bellarmine|translator=John Dalton}}
+* {{Cite journal |last1= Jones |first1= Lucy |last2= Mills |first2= Sara |last3= Paterson |first3= Laura L. |last4= Turner |first4= Georgina |last5= Coffey-Glover |first5= Laura |title= Identity and naming practices in British marriage and civil partnerships |journal=[[Gender and Language]] |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=309–35 |doi=10.1558/genl.27916 |year=2017 |url= http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/29344/2/PubSub6863_CoffeyGlover.pdf }}
+* {{cite book|chapter=[[s:The catechism of the Council of Trent/Part 2: Holy Matrimony|Part 2: Holy Matrimony]]|title=The catechism of the Council of Trent|year=1829|publisher=Lucas Brothers|translator=James Donovan|author=Council of Trent}}
+* [https://books.google.com/books?id=t3kiLAQxrnMC ''For Better, for Worse: British Marriages, 1600 to the Present''] John Gillis. 1985. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-503614-X}}
+* [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Canons_and_Decrees_of_the_Council_of_Trent/Session_XXIV/Sacrament_of_Matrimony The Council of Trent on Marriage by the Catholic Church]
+* {{cite web|url=http://lawfam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/1/47|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217205550/http://lawfam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/1/47|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-12-17|title=Legal Regulation of Marital Relations: An Historical and Comparative Approach – Gautier 19 (1): 47 – International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family}}
+* {{cite book|last=Goody|first=Jack|title=Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain|year=1976|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|page= }}
+* {{cite journal|last=Roes|first=Frans L.|title=The Size of Societies, Monogamy, and Belief in High Gods Supporting Human Morality|journal=Tijdschrift voor Sociale Wetenschappen|year=1992|volume=37|issue=1|pages= }}
+* {{Cite web|date=2014-11-14|title=The Demographics of Remarriage|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2014/11/14/chapter-2-the-demographics-of-remarriage/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project|language=en-US}}
+* {{cite book|last=Fox|first=Robin|title=Reproduction & Succession: Studies in Anthropology, Law and Society|year=1997|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, NJ |page= }}
+* {{cite book|last=Simpson|first=Bob|title=Changing Families: An Ethnographic Approach to Divorce and Separation|year=1998|publisher=Berg|location=Oxford}}
+* {{cite book |last=Zeitzen |first=Miriam Koktvedgaard |title=Polygamy: a cross-cultural analysis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIzHjpTJgdQC&pg=PA3 |publisher=Berg |page= |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84520-220-0}}
+* {{cite journal |vauthors=Dupanloup I, Pereira L, Bertorelle G, Calafell F, Prata MJ, Amorim A, Barbujani G | year = 2003 | title = A recent shift from polygyny to monogamy in humans is suggested by the analysis of worldwide Y-chromosome diversity | journal = J Mol Evol | volume = 57 | issue = 1| pages = | doi = 10.1007/s00239-003-2458-x | pmid = 12962309 | bibcode = 2003JMolE..57...85D | citeseerx = 10.1.1.454.1662 | s2cid = 2673314 }}
+* {{cite journal|last=Ember|first=Carol R.|title=What we know and what we don't know about variation in social organization: Melvin Ember's approach to the study of kinship|journal=Cross-Cultural Research|year=2011|volume=45|issue=1|pages= |doi=10.1177/1069397110383947|s2cid=143952998}}
+* {{cite book|last=Zeitzen|first=Miriam Koktvedgaard|title=Polygamy: A Cross-Cultural Analysis|url=https://archive.org/details/polygamycrosscul00zeit|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Berg|location=Oxford|page= |isbn=978-1-84788-617-0}}
+* {{cite book|last=Fox|first=Robin|title=Reproduction & Succession: Studies in Anthropology, Law, and Society|year=1997|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, NJ|page=}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Starkweather|first1=Katherine|last2=Hames|first2=Raymond|title=A survey of non-classical polyandry|journal=Human Nature|date=June 2012|volume=23|issue=2|pages=149–72|doi=10.1007/s12110-012-9144-x|pmid=22688804|s2cid=2008559|url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1049%26context%3Danthropologyfacpub|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923033542/http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=anthropologyfacpub|archive-date=23 September 2017}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Starkweather|first1=Katherine|last2=Hames|first2=Raymond|title=A survey of non-classical polyandry|journal=Human Nature|date=June 2012|volume=23|issue=2|pages=149–72|doi=10.1007/s12110-012-9144-x|pmid=22688804|s2cid=2008559|url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=anthropologyfacpub}}
+* {{cite book|last=Levine|first=Nancy|title=The Dynamics of polyandry: kinship, domesticity, and population on the Tibetan border|year=1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago}}
+* {{cite book |title=Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century |first1=Arthur P. |last1=Wolf |first2=William H. |last2=Durham |year=2004 |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OW1nuQxcIQgC&pg=PA3 |isbn=978-0-8047-5141-4}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Fareed |first1=M |last2=Afzal |first2=M |year=2014 |title=Estimating the inbreeding depression on cognitive behavior: A population based study of child cohort |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=9 |issue=10 |page=e109585 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0109585 |pmid=25313490 |pmc=4196914|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j9585F |doi-access=free }}
+* {{cite journal | last1 = Schneider | first1 = D. M. | year = 1976 | title = The meaning of incest | journal = The Journal of the Polynesian Society | volume = 85 | issue = 2| pages = 149–169 }}
+* {{cite journal | last1 = White | first1 = L. A. | year = 1948 | title = The definition and prohibition of incest | journal = American Anthropologist | volume = 50 | issue = 3| pages = 416–435 | doi = 10.1525/aa.1948.50.3.02a00020 | pmid = 18874938 | doi-access = free }}
+* {{cite journal | last1 = Schechner | first1 = R | year = 1971 | title = Incest and culture: A reflection on Claude Lévi-Strauss | journal = Psychoanalytic Review | volume = 58 | issue = 4| pages = 563–72 | pmid = 4948055 }}
+{{refend}}
+== Спољашње везе ==
+{{Commons category|Affinity (law)}}
+* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01177c.htm Affinity (In the Bible)] an article from the Catholic Encyclopedia
 {{нормативна контрола}}

Нормативна контрола
Државне	Немачка Израел Сједињене Државе
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика