Pterodon (сисар)

Pterodon; Vremenski raspon: 37.0–33.9 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ kasni eocen
	lobanja vrste Pterodon dasyuroides
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Red:	†Hyaenodonta
Natporodica:	†Hyainailouroidea
Porodica:	†Hyainailouridae
Potporodica:	†Hyainailourinae
Pleme:	†Hyainailourini
Potpleme:	†Pterodontina; Lavrov, 1999
Rod:	†Pterodon; Blainville, 1839
Tipska vrsta
	†Pterodon dasyuroides; Blainville, 1839
Vrste
	†Pterodon dasyuroides;
Sinonimi
	sinonimi vrste: P. dasyuroides: Pterodon biincisivus (Filhol, 1876) ; Pterodon coquandi (Pictet, 1853) ; Pterodon dasuyroides (Lavrov, 1999) ; Pterodon parisiensis (Blainville, 1841) ; Pterodon quercyi (Filhol, 1882) ; ;

Pterodon (Pterodon — „krilati zub”) je izumrli rod placentalnih sisara iz izumrlog potplemena Pterodontina (unutar izumrlog polifiletskog plemena Hyainailourini, izumrle parafiletske potporodice Hyainailourinae i izumrle parafiletske porodice Hyainailouridae), koji je u periodu kasnog eocena nastanjivao područje Evrope.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Etimologija naziva[uredi | uredi izvor]

Potpleme:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Pterodontina	tipskog roda Pterodon i taksonomskog nastavka -ina	krilati zubi

Rod:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Pterodon	starogrčke riječi pteron (stgrč. πτερόν), koja znači krilo ili pero i starogrčke riječi dus (stgrč. ὀδούς), koja znači zub	krilati zub^[13]

Vrsta:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
P. dasyuroides	roda Pterodon roda torbara Dasyurus i starogrčke riječi oides (stgrč. οειδής), koja znači sličan ili nalik	Pterodon sličan kvolu

Opis[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vrsta Pterodon dasyuroides je težila oko 51,56 kg,^[14] dok je zapremina mozga u lobanji kod ove vrste iznosila 60 ml.^[15]

Sistematika[uredi | uredi izvor]

Klasifikacija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Potpleme: †Pterodontina (Lavrov, 1999)
Rod: †*Pterodon* (Blainville, 1839)
Vrsta:	Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija:	Vremenski raspon:
†P. dasyuroides (Blainville, 1839)^[16]	Francuska (Provansa-Alpi-Azurna obala) UK (Ostrvo Vajt)^[17]	37,0 do 33,9 mil. god.

Filogenija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze roda Pterodon.^[18]^[19]^[14]^[20]^[21]

†Hyaenodonta

†Eoproviverra

†Boualitomidae

	†Arfiidae

	†Limnocyonidae

†Sinopidae

†Hyaenodontoidea

	†Gazinocyon

	†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

†Parvavorodon

	†Indohyaenodontidae

	†Glibzegdouia

†Indohyaenodon grupa

†Koholiidae

†Tritemnodon

†Tritemnodon grupa

†Teratodontidae

†Apterodontinae

	†Maocyon	†Maocyon/Orienspterodon grupa

	†Orienspterodon

†Hyainailourinae

	†Hemipsalodon

	†Ischnognathus

†Akhnatenavus grupa

†Akhnatenavus

?

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

?

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

?

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

?

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

	†Kerberos

	†"Pterodon" syrtos

†Pterodon grupa

†Pterodontina

†Pterodon	†Pterodon dasyuroides

?	†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

	†"Pterodon" africanus

	†Parapterodon

?

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

†Hyainailourini

†Paroxyaenini

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

	†Exiguodon

	†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon (†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

	†Sivapterodon

	†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

	†Hyainailouros sulzeri

?	†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

†Simbakubwa

	†Leakitheriini

	†Megistotherium

	†Mlanyama

	†Metapterodontini

†Pakakali

†Prionogalidae

†Hyainailouridae

†Hyainailouroidea

†Lahimia grupa

†Arfia grupa

†Galecyon grupa

†afro-arabijska grupa

Vremenska rasprostranjenst roda Pterodon unutar parafiletske porodice Hyainailouridae[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
^ J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
^ H. Filhol (1876.) "Recherches sur les phospohorites du Quercy. Étude des fossiles qi'on y rencontre et spécialement des Mammifères." Annales des Sciences Géologiques, Paris, 7(7):220 p., pl. 11-36; 1877:art. 1, 340 p., 28 pl.
^ F. J. Pictet (1853.) "Traité de Paléontologie." I (2^e edit.):584 p. + atlas 110 pl.
^ Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1841.) "Ostéographie ou description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des mammifères récents et fossiles." Tome 2: Secondates et Subursus, 123 p.; Viverras, 100 p. et atlas, 117 pl. Baillėte édit. Paris.
^ H. Filhol (1882.) "Étude des Mammifères de Ronzon (Haute-Loire)." Ann. Sci. géol., Paris, 12(3):270 p., 25 pl.
^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ Solé, F.; Lhuillier, J.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Mahboubi, M.; Tabuce, R. (2013). „The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (3): 303—322. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.795196.
^ Floréal Solé; Eli Amson; Matthew Borths; Dominique Vidalenc; Michael Morlo; Katharina Bastl (2015). „A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”. PLOS ONE. 10 (9): e0135698. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035698S. PMC 4580617 . PMID 26398622. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135698.
^ Jorge Morales; Martin Pickford (2017). „New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) and Grillental (Namibia)” (PDF). Fossil Imprint. 73 (3–4): 332—359. doi:10.2478/if-2017-0019.
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). „The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition”. PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. PMC 5636082 . PMID 29020030. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301.
^ Floréal Solé; Bastien Mennecart (2019). „A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (2): 275—290. doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018 .
^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.
^ ^a ^b Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
^ Flink, T.; Cote, S. (2021). „The neurocranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) and the evolution of the brain in some hyaenodontan carnivores”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1927748. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1927748.
^ H. M. Blainville (1839.) "Ostéographie, ou, Description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des Mammifères récents et fossiles: pour servir de base à la zoologie et à la géologie"
^ M. J. Benton, E. Cook and J. J. Hooker (2005.) "Mesozoic and Tertiary Fossil Mammals and Birds of Great Britain." Geological Conservation Review Series 32:215
^ Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776 .
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.
^ Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full.

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

E. D. Cope (1880.) "On the genera of the Creodonta." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19:76-82
C. W. Andrews (1906.) "A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt" 1-324
R. J. G. Savage (1965.) "Fossil Mammals of Africa: The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10(8):241-316
L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
S. Peigné, M. Morlo, Y. Chaimanee, S. Ducrocq, S. T. Tun and J. J. Jaeger (2007.) "New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar—paleobiogeographic implications." Geodiversitas 29(3):441-458
Martin Pickford, Brigitte Senut, Jorge Morales, Pierre Mein and Israel M. Sanchez (2008.) "Mammalia from the Lutetian of Namibia" Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia 20(20):465-514
Margaret E. Lewis and Michael Morlo (2010.) "Creodonta". In: Lars Werdelin and William Joseph Sanders (eds.) "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa". University of California Press, Berkeley, London, New York, pp. 543-560

[Lavrov1999-1] A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].

[2] J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."

[3] H. Filhol (1876.) "Recherches sur les phospohorites du Quercy. Étude des fossiles qi'on y rencontre et spécialement des Mammifères." Annales des Sciences Géologiques, Paris, 7(7):220 p., pl. 11-36; 1877:art. 1, 340 p., 28 pl.

[4] F. J. Pictet (1853.) "Traité de Paléontologie." I (2^e edit.):584 p. + atlas 110 pl.

[5] Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1841.) "Ostéographie ou description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des mammifères récents et fossiles." Tome 2: Secondates et Subursus, 123 p.; Viverras, 100 p. et atlas, 117 pl. Baillėte édit. Paris.

[6] H. Filhol (1882.) "Étude des Mammifères de Ronzon (Haute-Loire)." Ann. Sci. géol., Paris, 12(3):270 p., 25 pl.

[McKenna_&_Bell-7] McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[8] Solé, F.; Lhuillier, J.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Mahboubi, M.; Tabuce, R. (2013). „The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (3): 303—322. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.795196.

[9] Floréal Solé; Eli Amson; Matthew Borths; Dominique Vidalenc; Michael Morlo; Katharina Bastl (2015). „A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”. PLOS ONE. 10 (9): e0135698. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035698S. PMC 4580617 . PMID 26398622. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135698.

[Morales_&_Pickford,_2017-10] Jorge Morales; Martin Pickford (2017). „New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the Early Miocene of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) and Grillental (Namibia)” (PDF). Fossil Imprint. 73 (3–4): 332—359. doi:10.2478/if-2017-0019.

[11] Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). „The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition”. PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. PMC 5636082 . PMID 29020030. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301.

[12] Floréal Solé; Bastien Mennecart (2019). „A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (2): 275—290. doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018 .

[13] Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.

[Geodiversitas4213-14] Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.

[Flink2021-15] Flink, T.; Cote, S. (2021). „The neurocranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) and the evolution of the brain in some hyaenodontan carnivores”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1927748. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1927748.

[16] H. M. Blainville (1839.) "Ostéographie, ou, Description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des Mammifères récents et fossiles: pour servir de base à la zoologie et à la géologie"

[17] M. J. Benton, E. Cook and J. J. Hooker (2005.) "Mesozoic and Tertiary Fossil Mammals and Birds of Great Britain." Geological Conservation Review Series 32:215

[Matthew2017-18] Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776 .

[Simbakubwa-19] Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.

[hyaenodontsGeobios-20] Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.

[Maocyon-21] Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full.

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