Radno pravo

Jedna od pravnih normi kojima se uređuje nastanak, sadržina i prestanak radnog odnosa kao i pravni položaj subjekata radnog prava u SAD

Radno pravo je naziv za skup pravnih normi kojima se uređuje nastanak, sadržina i prestanak radnog odnosa kao i pravni položaj subjekata radnog prava.

Smatra se da je u svom razvoju radno pravo prošlo kroz četiri perioda:

• od nastanka klase najamnih radnika do kraja 19. veka, kada su radni odnosi bili regulisani ugovorom o najmu radne snage,
• od kraja 19. veka do završetka Prvog svetskog rata,
• period između dva svetska rata,
• nakon završetka Drugog svetskog rata pa do danas.

Istorija

Sargon Akadski je ujedinio gradove-države u Asiriji i Sumeru u jedinstveno carstvo, kojim je vladao iz svog rodnog grada oko 2334. godine p. n. e.. Zajedničke mesopotamske standarde za dužinu, površinu, zapreminu, težinu i vreme, koje su koristili zanatski esnafi u svakom gradu, proglasio je Narum-Sinu od Akada (oko 2254–2218. p. n. e.), Sargonov unuk. Time su bile obuhvaćene i kovanice, šekeli. Kodeks Hamurabijevog zakona 234 (oko 1755–1750. p. n. e.) predviđao je 2 šekela preovlađujuću platu za svako plovilo od 60 gur (300 bušela) izgrađeno pod ugovorom o radu između brodograditelja i vlasnika broda. Zakon 275 predviđao je trajektnu tarifu od 3 geraha dnevno za čarter ugovor između čarter broda i zapovednika. Zakon 276 je predviđao tarifu vozarine od 2¹⁄₂ gera dnevno po ugovoru o prevozu između čartera i zapovednika broda, dok je Zakon 277 predviđao stopu prevoza od 1⁄6 šekela dnevno za plovilo od 60 gura.

Godine 1816. arheološkim iskopavanjem u Minji u Egiptu (pod ejaletom Osmanskog carstva) otkrivena je ploča iz doba dinastije Nerva-Antonini iz ruševina Antinojevog hrama u Antinopolju Rimskog Egipta, koja je propisivala pravila i članarinu za sahranu društvenog kolegijuma osnovanog u Lanuvijumu u Italiji približno 133. godine za vreme Hadrijana (117–138) u Rimskom carstvu.

Kolegijum je bilo koje udruženje u starom Rimu koje je delovalo kao pravno lice. Nakon usvajanja Leks Julije za vreme vladavine Julija Cezara kao konzula i diktatora Rimske republike (49–44. p. n. e.), i njihove ponovne potvrde tokom vladavine Oktavijana Avgusta kao predsedavajućeg senatora i imperatora rimske armije (27. p. n. e. - 14. godine), kolegijumima je bilo neophodno odobrenje Rimskog senata ili cara da bi bili ovlašteni kao pravna tela. Ruševine u Lambezisu datiraju formiranje pogrebnih društava među vojnicima Rimske armije i mornarima Rimske mornarice do vladavine Septimija Severa (193–211) 198. godine. U septembru 2011. arheološka istraživanja obavljena na mestu veštačke luke Portus u Rimu otkrila su natpise u brodogradilištu izgrađenom za vreme Trajana (98–117) koji ukazuju na postojanje ceha brodograditelja. Rimska luka La Ostija bila je dom ceha za corpus naviculariorum, kolegijuma trgovačkih pomoraca. Kolegijum je takođe uključivao bratstva rimskih sveštenika koji su nadgledali ritualne žrtve, praktikovali proricanje, čuvali svete spise, organizovali festivale i održavali specifične verske kultove.

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Spoljašnje veze

•  „Labor Legislation”. New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 
• Medieval Guilds - World History Encyclopedia
• Medieval guilds
• St. Eloy's Hospice