Žan Kalvin
Žan Kalvin | |
---|---|
Datum rođenja | 10. jul 1509. |
Mesto rođenja | Nuajon, Francuska |
Datum smrti | 27. maj 1564.54 god.) ( |
Mesto smrti | Ženeva, Švajcarska |
Žan Kalvin (franc. Jean Calvin;[1] Nuajon, 10. jul 1509 — Ženeva, 27. maj 1564) bio je francuski reformator i teolog. Sa namerom da se posveti svešteničkom pozivu, a u 12. godini primio je tonzuru,[2] jedini verski obred koji je na njemu izvršen.
Studirao je teologiju u Parizu na Sorboni, ali je kasnije počeo da se dvoumi oko svog budućeg poziva. Od 1528. godine, studirao je pravo u Orleanu gde je pao pod uticaj Melhiora Volmara, protestanta. Kalvin 1532. godine izdaje raspravu na Senekino delo De Clementia.[3] Dve godine kasnije, 1534. objavio je svoje najznačajnije delo Institutio Christianae religionis, koje će celog života dorađivati i dopunjavati. U njemu je izložio svoje najvažnije političke, verske i socijalne ideje, koje će ubrzo primeniti u praksi u Ženevi.
Rimokatoličku crkvu napušta 1533. godine sa tvrdnjom da je doživeo viziju u kojoj mu je saopšteno da je njegova uloga u reformaciji crkve i njeno vraćanje na izvornu čistoću. Naredne godine bio je u zatvoru, i da bi izbegao progone Fransoe I, otputovao je u Bazel. Na proputovanju kroz Ženevu pridružio se Farelu u njegovoj nameri da izvrši reformaciju. Kalvin je imenovan za propovednika i profesora teologije.
Tokom svog života nekoliko puta je izdao delo Articuli de Regimine Ecclesiae u kome je raspravljao na temu Tajne večere i još nekoliko verskih pitanja. U tom periodu nametao je građanima da prihvate neke njegove zapovesti u vezi sa potvrdom vere, pa je došlo do sukoba sa Farelom, koji se završio prekidom saradnje. Naredne tri godine, Kalvin je bio ministar francuske kongregacije i predavač u teološkoj školi. Sprijateljio se sa Melanhtonom, ali se ubrzo vratio u Ženevu gde je preuzeo rukovodeću ulogu i ustanovio teokratski režim po ugledu na Stari zavet.
Polagao je pravo na ekskomunikaciju i živote građana. Bile su zabranjene i najbanalnije slobodne aktivnosti kao što su pesma i igra. Zatvarane su kafane i gostionice, a za bilo kakvo dovođenje postojećeg poretka u pitanje bila je predviđena kazna smrću, ili, u blažim slučajevima, proterivanje iz grada. Diktator je postao 1555. godine u Ženevi koja je postala grad sa najčvršćim moralom. Uprkos svemu, uživao je glas velikog prosvetitelja i crkvenog velikodostojnika. Njegovo obrazovanje, poznavanje jezika, jasan stil učinili su ga jednim od najuticajnijuh reformatora ne-luteranske protestantske crkve. Učenje o predodređenju prihvatio je kao dogmu i uveo u reformisanu crkvu.
Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ "Calvin" Arhivirano 21 septembar 2015 na sajtu Wayback Machine. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ - (jezik: engleski) -He received the tonsure at 12 years
- ^ - (jezik: engleski) - Calvin published his first book, a commentary on De Clementia
Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Baron, Salo (1972), „John Calvin and the Jews”, Ur.: Feldman, Leon A., Ancient and Medieval Jewish History, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, OCLC 463285878 (originally published 1965).
- Berg, Machiel A. van den (2009), Friends of Calvin, Grand Rapids, Mi.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., ISBN 978-0-8028-6227-3
- Bouwsma, William James (1988), John Calvin: A Sixteenth-Century Portrait, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-504394-5.
- Calvin, John (1989) [1564], Institutio Christianae religionis [Institutes of the Christian Religion] (na jeziku: latinski), Translated by Henry Beveridge, Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
- Chung, Sung Wook (2002), Admiration and Challenge: Karl Barth's Theological Relationship with John Calvin, New York: Peter Lang, ISBN 978-0-82-045680-5.
- Chung, Sung Wook (2009), John Calvin and Evangelical Theology: Legacy and Prospect, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, ISBN 978-0-82-045680-5.
- Cottret, Bernard (2000) [1995], Calvin: Biographie [Calvin: A Biography] (na jeziku: francuski), Translated by M. Wallace McDonald, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-3159-0
- De Greef, Wulfert (2004), „Calvin's writings”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- ———————— (2008), The Writings of John Calvin: An Introductory Guide, Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 978-0-664-23230-6
- Detmers, Achim (2006), „Calvin, the Jews, and Judaism”, Ur.: Bell, Dean Phillip; Burnett, Stephen G., Jews, Judaism, and the Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Germany, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-14947-2.
- DeVries, Dawn (2004), „Calvin's preaching”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Dyer, Thomas Henry (1850), The Life of John Calvin, London: John Murray
- Gamble, Richard C. (2004), „Calvin's controversies”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Ganoczy, Alexandre (2004), „Calvin's life”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Ganoczy, Alexandre (2005), „Calvin, John”, Ur.: Hillebrand, Hans J., The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-195-06493-3
- Gerrish, R. A. (2004), „The place of Calvin in Christian theology”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Graham, W. Fred (1971), The Constructive Revolutionary: John Calvin and His Socio-Economic Impact, Richmond, Virginia: John Knox Press, ISBN 978-0-8042-0880-2.
- Helm, Paul (2004), John Calvin's Ideas, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-925569-6.
- Heron, Alasdair (2005), „John Calvin”, Ur.: Lacoste, Jean-Yves, Encyclopedia of Christian Theology, New York: CRC Press.
- Hesselink, I. John (2004), „Calvin's theology”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Holder, R. Ward (2004), „Calvin's heritage”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Lane, Anthony N.S. (2009), „Calvin's Institutes”, A Reader's Guide, Grand Rapids: Baker Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8010-3731-3
- Lange van Ravenswaay, J. Marius J. (2009) [2008], „Calvin and the Jews”, Ur.: Selderhuis, Herman J., Calvijn Handboek [The Calvin Handbook] (na jeziku: holandski), Translated by Kampen Kok, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., ISBN 978-0-8028-6230-3
- Manetsch, Scott M. (2013), Calvin's Company of Pastors: Pastoral Care and the Emerging Reformed Church, 1536–1609, Oxford Studies in Historical Theology, New York: Oxford University Press
- McDonnell, Kilian (1967), John Calvin, the Church, and the Eucharist, Princeton: Princeton University Press, OCLC 318418.
- McGrath, Alister E. (1990), A Life of John Calvin, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-631-16398-5.
- McNeill, John Thomas (1954), The History and Character of Calvinism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-500743-5.
- Niesel, Wilhelm (1980), The Theology of Calvin, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, ISBN 978-0-8010-6694-8.
- Olsen, Jeannine E. (2004), „Calvin and social-ethical issues”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Pak, G. Sujin (2010), The Judaizing Calvin, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-537192-5.
- Parker, T. H. L. (1995), Calvin: An Introduction to His Thought, London: Geoffrey Chapman, ISBN 978-0-225-66575-8.
- ——————— (1975), John Calvin, Tring, Hertfordshire, England: Lion Publishing plc, ISBN 978-0-7459-1219-6.
- ——————— (2006), John Calvin: A Biography, Oxford: Lion Hudson plc, ISBN 978-0-7459-5228-4.
- Pater, Calvin Augustus (1987), „Calvin, the Jews, and the Judaic Legacy”, Ur.: Furcha, E. J., In Honor of John Calvin: Papers from the 1986 International Calvin Symposium, Montreal: McGill University Press, ISBN 978-0-7717-0171-9.
- Pettegree, Andrew (2004), „The spread of Calvin's thought”, Ur.: McKim, Donald K., The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01672-8
- Potter, G. R.; Greengrass, M. (1983), John Calvin, London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., ISBN 978-0-7131-6381-0.
- Steinmetz, David C. (1995), Calvin in Context, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-509164-9.
- ————————— (2009), „Calvin as Biblical Interpreter Among the Ancient Philosophers”, Interpretation, 63 (2): 142—153, S2CID 170454772, doi:10.1177/002096430906300204
- Backus, Irena; Benedict, Philip, ur. (2011). Calvin and His Influence, 1509–2009. Oxford University Press.
- Balserak, Jon (2014), John Calvin as Sixteenth-Century Prophet, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-198-70325-9.
- Calvin, Claude Wesley (1945), The Calvin Families: Origin and History of the American Calvins, with a Partial Genealogy, Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, Inc., ISBN 978-0-598-99702-9.
- Gordon, Bruce (2009), Calvin, London/New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-17084-9.
- Muller, Richard A. (2001). The Unaccommodated Calvin: Studies in the Foundation of a Theological Tradition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515168-8.
- Sewell, Alida Leni (2011). Calvin, the Body and Sexuality: An Inquiry into His Anthropology. Amsterdam: VU University Press. ISBN 978-90-8659-587-7.
- Tamburello, Dennis E. (2007), Union with Christ: John Calvin and the Mysticism of St. Bernard, Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 978-0-664-22054-9
- Selderhuis, Herman (2009). The Calvin Handbook. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-6230-3.
- The State Archives of Neuchâtel preserve the autograph correspondence sent by John Calvin to other reformers
- 1PAST, Fonds: Archives de la société des pasteurs et ministres neuchâtelois, Series: Lettres des Réformateurs. Archives de l'État de Neuchâtel.
Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]
- John Calvin na sajtu Projekat Gutenberg (jezik: engleski)
- Žan Kalvin na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
- Žan Kalvin na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
- The John Calvin Bibliography of the H. Henry Meeter Center for Calvin Studies
- Calvinism Resources Database
- Catholic Encyclopedia, Roman Catholic criticism of Calvin