Istorija Švedske

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Stara mapa koja prikazuje Švedsku tokom perioda velike sile 1648–1721. Homanova karta Skandinavije, Norveške, Švedske, Danske, Finske, Estonije, Livonije i severne Poljske, iz 1730.

Istorija Švedske može se pratiti do topljenja severnih polarnih ledenih kapa. Još od 12.000 godina pre nove ere ljudi su naseljavali ovo područje. Tokom čitavog kamenog doba, između 8.000. p. n. e. i 6.000 p. n. e, prvi stanovnici su koristili metode obrade kamena za izradu oruđa i oružja za lov, sakupljanje i ribolov kao sredstva za preživljavanje.[1]

Švedska je do 1164. bila paganska zemlja. Te godine je pokrštena, te je i dobila svoju biskupiju, nakon što su nemački misionari ubedili kralja da prihvati hrišćanstvo. Tako je grad Upsala, do tada centar nordijskog paganizma sa glavnim Upsalskim hramom, postao centar katoličke biskupije.

Do 1520. godine bila je u sastavu Danske. Godine 1520. švedski kralj Gustav Vasa je podigao ustanak i uspešno porazio Dansku. Šveđani su zatim počeli da se bore protiv dominacije Hanzeatske lige nad baltičkom regijom. Iako je Švedska bila slabo naseljena, imala je snažnu Vladu, a trgovina sa Engleskom i Holandijom se razvijala. Šveđani su se borili u Estoniji, i konačno osvojili tu zemlju do 1582. godine.

U kasnijim pohodima osvojili su Kareliju, istočno od Finske i Laponije na severu. Gustav II Adolf rođen je 1594. godine i postao kralj Švedske 1611. kada mu je bilo 17 godina. Bio je jedan od najznačajnijih švedskih kraljeva. Kao pobožan i obrazovan protestant, govorio je mnoge jezike. Obnovio je švedske gradove, a industrija je cvetala. Švedske snage brojale su samo 40 000 vojnika, ali Gustav je od njih napravio najbolju armiju u Evropi. Do 1629. pobedio je armije Danske, Rusije i Poljske, čime je Švedska postala vodeća sila severne Evrope. U njegovo vreme vodio se Tridesetogodišnji rat.

Švedska je po državnom uređenju ustavna monarhija, na njenom čelu je kralj Karl XVI Gustaf od 1973. godine.

Praistorijska Švedska pre 800. godine[uredi | uredi izvor]

Švedska ima veliki broj petroglifa (hällristningar[2] na švedskom), sa najvećom koncentracijom u provinciji Bohuslen i severnom delu okruga Kalmar, takođe poznatom kao „Tjust“.[3] Najranije slike mogu se naći u provinciji Jemtland iz 5000. p. n. e.[4] One prikazuju divlje životinje kao što su losovi, irvasi, medvedi i foke. Period 2300–500. p. n. e. bio je najintenzivniji period rezbarenja, sa rezbarijama poljoprivrede, ratovanja, brodova, domaćih životinja, itd. Petroglifi su takođe pronađeni u Bohuslenu. Oni datiraju od 800. do 500. godine pre nove ere.[5]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

  1. ^ „History of Sweden – more than Vikings | Official site of Sweden”. sweden.se (na jeziku: engleski). 2015-12-03. Pristupljeno 2020-03-31. 
  2. ^ Nordström, Patrik. "Arkeologiska undersökningar invid hällristningar. Analys av 16 utgrävningar invid hällristningar i Sverige och Norge." (1995) STARC
  3. ^ Petersson, Magnus. Lekberg, Per; Nyberg, Seija, ur. Hällristningar vid Smålandskusten (PDF) (Izveštaj). Kalmar County Museum. ISSN 1400-352X. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 8. 5. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 4. 5. 2020. 
  4. ^ „Hällristningarna i Gärde”. Arhivirano iz originala 12. 7. 2010. g. 
  5. ^ Owen Jarus (29. 5. 2023). „2,700-year-old petroglyphs depicting people, ships and animals discovered in Sweden”. livescience.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 7. 7. 2023. 

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

  • Andersson, Ingvar. A History of Sweden (1956) online edition Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (26. jun 2012)
  • Derry, Thomas Kingston. A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland. (1979). 447 pp.
  • Grimberg, Carl. A History of Sweden (1935) online free
  • Heckscher, Eli F. An economic history of Sweden (1963) online free to borrow
  • Kent, Neil. A Concise History of Sweden (2008), 314 pp. excerpt and text search
  • Lagerqvist, Christopher, Reformer och Revolutioner. En kort introduktion till Sveriges ekonomiska historia, 1750–2010 (Lund 2013).
  • Magnusson, Lars. An Economic History of Sweden (2000) online edition Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (17. jun 2008)
  • Moberg, Vilhelm, and Paul Britten Austin. A History of the Swedish People: Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Renaissance, (2005); A History of the Swedish People: Volume II: From Renaissance to Revolution (2005)
  • Nordstrom, Byron J. The History of Sweden (2002) excerpt and text search; also full text online free to borrow
  • Scott, Franklin D. Sweden: The Nation's History (1988), survey by leading scholar; excerpt and text search
  • Sprague, Martina. Sweden: An Illustrated History (2005) excerpt and text search
  • Warme, Lars G., ed. A History of Swedish Literature. (1996). 585 pp.

Pre 1700[uredi | uredi izvor]

  • Forte, Angelo. Oram, Richard. Pedersen, Frederik. Viking Empires. (2005)
  • Hudson, Benjamin. Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in North America. (2005).
  • Moberg, Vilhelm, and Paul Britten Austin. A History of the Swedish People: Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Renaissance. (2005) online free to borrow
  • Österberg, Eva. Mentalities and Other Realities: Essays in Medieval and Early Modern Scandinavian History. Lund U. Press, 1991. 207 pp.
  • Österberg, Eva and Lindström, Dag. Crime and Social Control in Medieval and Early Modern Swedish Towns. (1988). 169 pp.
  • Porshnev, B. F. and Paul Dukes, eds. Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War, 1630–1635. (1996). 256 pp.
  • Roberts, Michael. The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden 1523–1611. (1968)
  • Roberts, Michael. From Oxenstierna to Charles XII. Four Studies. (1991). 203 pp.
  • Roberts, Michael. The Swedish Imperial Experience, 1560–1718. (1979). 156 pp.
  • Thunberg, Carl L. Särkland och dess källmaterial. (2011)

Od 1700[uredi | uredi izvor]

  • Barton, H. Arnold. Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era, 1760–1815 (1986)
  • Barton, Sunbar P. Bernadotte: Prince and King, 1810–1844 (1925), standard scholarly history
  • Chatterton, Mark. Saab: The Innovator. (1980). 160 pp.
  • Cronholm, Neander N. (1902). A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. 
  • Frängsmyr, Tore, ed. Science in Sweden: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1739–1989. (1989). 291 pp.
  • Fry, John A., ed. Limits of the Welfare State: Critical Views on Post-War Sweden. (1979). 234 pp.
  • Gustavson, Carl G. The Small Giant: Sweden Enters the Industrial Era. (1986). 364 pp.
  • Hodgson, Antony. Scandinavian Music: Finland and Sweden. (1985). 224 pp.
  • Hoppe, Göran and Langton, John. Peasantry to Capitalism: Western Östergötland in the Nineteenth Century. (1995). 457 pp.
  • Jonas, Frank. Scandinavia and the Great Powers in the First World War (2019) online review
  • Lagerqvist, Christopher, Reformer och Revolutioner. En kort introduktion until Sveriges ekonomiska historia, 1750–2010 (Lund 2013).
  • Lewin, Leif. Ideology and Strategy: A Century of Swedish Politics. (1988). 344 pp.
  • Metcalf, Michael F., ed. The Riksdag: A History of the Swedish Parliament. (1987). 347 pp.
  • Misgeld, Klaus; Molin, Karl; and Amark, Klas. Creating Social Democracy: A Century of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Sweden. (1993). 500 pp.
  • Moberg, Vilhelm, and Paul Britten Austin. A History of the Swedish People: Volume II: From Renaissance to Revolution (2005)
  • Norberg, Johan (23. 10. 2013). How Laissez-Faire Made Sweden Rich. Cato Institute. Pristupljeno 15. 3. 2017. 
  • Olsen, Gregg M. "Half Empty or Half Full? the Swedish Welfare State in Transition." Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. v. 16 #2 (1999) pp. 241+. online edition[mrtva veza]
  • Olson, Kenneth E. The history makers: The press of Europe from its beginnings through 1965 (LSU Press, 1966) pp. 33–49
  • Palmer, Alan. Bernadotte: Napoleon's Marshal, Sweden's King. (1991). 285 pp.
  • Pred, Allan. Lost Words and Lost Worlds: Modernity and the Language of Everyday Life in Late Nineteenth-Century Stockholm. (1990). 298 pp.
  • Pred, Allan Richard. Place, Practice and Structure: Social and Spatial Transformation in Southern Sweden, 1750–1850. (1986). 268 pp.
  • Roberts, Michael. The Age of Liberty: Sweden, 1719–1772. (1986). 233 pp. The age of liberty : Sweden, 1719-1772. 1986. ISBN 9780521320924. 
  • Sejersted, Francis. The Age of Social Democracy: Norway and Sweden in the Twentieth Century (Princeton University Press; 2011); 543 pp; Traces the history of the Scandinavian social model as it developed after the separation of Norway and Sweden in 1905.
  • Söderberg, Johan et al. A Stagnating Metropolis: The Economy and Demography of Stockholm, 1750–1850. (1991). 234 pp.
  • Waldenström, Daniel (2016). „The national wealth of Sweden, 1810–2014”. Scandinavian Economic History Review. 64: 36—54. S2CID 155012767. doi:10.1080/03585522.2015.1132759. 

Istoriografija i sećanje[uredi | uredi izvor]

  • Metcalf, Michael F. "The first 'modern' party system?: Political parties, Sweden's Age of liberty and the historians." Scandinavian Journal of History 2.1-4 (1977): 265–287.
  • Olsson, Ulf. "Fluctuat nec mergitur: Economic history in Sweden at the turn of the century 2000." Scandinavian Economic History Review 50.3 (2002): 68–82.
  • Söderberg, Johan. "Economic History in Sweden: Some Recent Research Trends “." NEHA Bulletin 9.1 (1995): 21-23.
  • Thomson, Erik. "Beyond the Military State: Sweden’s Great Power Period in Recent Historiography." History Compass' 9.4 (2011): 269–283. online[mrtva veza]
  • Arnold, Martin. The Vikings: culture and conquest (Hambledon Press, 2006)
  • Bagge, Sverre. Cross and Scepter: The Rise of the Scandinavian Kingdoms From the Vikings to the Reformation (Princeton University Press; 2014) 325 pages;
  • Bain, R. Nisbet. Scandinavia: A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1513 to 1900 (2014) online
  • Barton, H. Arnold. Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era 1760–1815, University of Minnesota Press, (1986) ISBN 0-8166-1392-3.
  • Birch J. H. S. (1938). Denmark In History. 
  • Cronholm, Neander N. (1902). A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. 
  • Clerc, Louis; Glover, Nikolas; Jordan, Paul, eds. Histories of Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding in the Nordic and Baltic Countries: Representing the Periphery (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2015). 348 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-30548-9. online review
  • Derry, T.K. “Scandinavia” in C.W. Crawley, ed. The New Cambridge Modern History: IX. War and Peace in an age of upheaval 1793-1830 (Cambridge University Press, 1965) pp. 480–494. War and peace in an age of upheaval, 1793-1830. 1965. ISBN 9781139055857. 
  • Derry, T.K. (1979). A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-3799-7. 
  • Helle, Knut, ed. The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Vol. 1 (Cambridge University Press, 2003)
  • Hesmyr, Atle: Scandinavia in the Early Modern Era; From Peasant Revolts and Witch Hunts to Constitution Drafting Yeomen (Nisus Publications, 2015).
  • Hodgson, Antony. Scandinavian Music: Finland and Sweden. (1985). 224 pp.
  • Horn, David Bayne. Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century (1967) covers 1603–1702; pp. 236–69.
  • Ingebritsen, Christine. Scandinavia in world politics (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006)
  • Jacobsen, Helge Seidelin. (1986). An outline history of Denmark. ISBN 9788714286644. 
  • Jonas, Frank. Scandinavia and the Great Powers in the First World War (2019) online review
  • Lindström, Peter, and Svante Norrhem. Flattering Alliances: Scandinavia, Diplomacy and the Austrian-French Balance of Power, 1648–1740 (Nordic Academic Press, 2013).
  • Mathias, Peter, ed. Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Vol. 7: Industrial Economies. Capital, Labour and Enterprise. Part 1 Britain, France, Germany and Scandinavia (1978)
  • Milward, Alan S, and S. B. Saul, eds. The economic development of continental Europe: 1780–1870 (1973) online; PP 467-536.
  • Moberg, Vilhelm, and Paul Britten Austin. A History of the Swedish People: Volume II: From Renaissance to Revolution (2005)
  • Nissen, Henrik S., ed. Scandinavia during the Second World War (Universitetsforlaget, 1983)
  • Olesen, Thorsten B., ed. The Cold War and the Nordic countries: Historiography at a crossroads (University Press of Southern Denmark, 2004).
  • Otté, Elise C. (1894). Scandinavian History. 
  • Salmon, Patrick. Scandinavia and the great powers 1890–1940 (Cambridge University Press, 2002).
  • Sejersted, Francis. The Age of Social Democracy: Norway and Sweden in the Twentieth Century (Princeton UP, 2011); 543 pages; Traces the history of the Scandinavian social model after 1905.
  • Treasure, Geoffrey. The Making of Modern Europe, 1648–1780 (3rd ed. 2003). pp. 494–526.

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

Istorija Švedske na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Историја_Шведске&oldid=27558019”