Prodissopsalis

Prodissopsalis; Vremenski raspon: 46.3–37.8 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N srednji eocen
	donja vilica vrste; Prodissopsalis eocaenicus
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Red:	†Hyaenodonta
Natporodica:	†Hyaenodontoidea
Porodica:	†Hyaenodontidae
Rod:	†Prodissopsalis; Matthes, 1950
Tipska vrsta
	†Prodissopsalis eocaenicus; Matthes, 1952
Vrste
	†Prodissopsalis eocaenicus; †Prodissopsalis jimenezi;
Sinonimi
	sinonimi roda: Imperatoria (Matthes, 1952) ; sinonimi vrste: P. eocaenicus: Geiselotherium robustum (Matthes, 1952) ; Imperatoria gallwitzi (Matthes, 1952) ; Imperatoria hageni (Matthes, 1952) ; Prodissopsalis ginsburgi (Calas, 1969) ; Prodissopsalis robustus (Springhorn, 1982) ; ;

Prodissopsalis (Prodisopsalis — „prije Disopsalisa”) je izumrli rod placentalnih sisara iz izumrle porodice Hyaenodontidae, koji je u periodu srednjeg eocena nastanjivao područje Evrope.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Etimologija naziva[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rod:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Prodissopsalis	starogrčke riječi pro (stgrč. πρό), koja znači prije i izumrlog roda sisara Dissopsalis	prije Disopsalisa

Vrste:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
P. eocaenicus	roda Prodissopsalis i geološke epohe Eocena	eocenski Prodisopsalis
P. jimenezi	roda Prodissopsalis i prezimena španskog paleontologa profesora Emilijana Himenes Fuentesa	himenesov Prodisopsalis

Opis[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vrsta Prodissopsalis eocaenicus je težila oko 18,02 kg.^[9]

Ponašanje i paleoekologija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vrsta Prodissopsalis eocaenicus je bila kopneni predator sa prostora Evrope, koji se hranio sa mesom i kostima.

Sistematika[uredi | uredi izvor]

Klasifikacija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rod: †*Prodissopsalis* (Matthes, 1950)
Vrste:	Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija:	Vremenski raspon:
†P. eocaenicus (Matthes, 1952)^[10]	Njemačka (Saksonija-Anhalt)^[11]^[12] Francuska (Oksitanija)^[13]	46,3 do 41,2 mil. god.
†P. jimenezi (Salesa, 2023)^[14]	Španija (Kastilja i Leon)	41,2 do 37,8 mil. god.

Filogenija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze roda Prodissopsalis.^[15]^[16]^[9]^[17]^[18]

†Hyaenodontoidea

†Proviverridae

†Hyaenodontidae

	†Paracynohyaenodon

	†Quercytherium

	†Cynohyaenodon lautricensis

†Cynohyaenodon cayluxi

	†Cynohyaenodon ruetimeyeri

	†Cynohyaenodon trux

†Cynohyaenodon

†Cynohyaenodon smithae

†Boritia

?

†Protoproviverra

?

†Praecodens

	†Leonhardtina

	†Preregidens

†Prodissopsalis

	†Prodissopsalis eocaenicus

	†Prodissopsalis jimenezi

†Cartierodon

?

†Paenoxyaenoides

†Eurotherium theriodis

†Eurotherium mapplethorpei

†Eurotherium

	†Eurotherium matthesi

	†Alienetherium

†Matthodon

	†Hyaenodontinae

?	†Neosinopa

	†Oxyaenoidinae

†Cynohyaenodon/Quercytherium grupa

†Leonhardtina grupa

†Eurotherium grupa

†Matthodon grupa

†Oxyaenoides grupa

Vremenska rasprostranjenst roda Prodissopsalis unutar porodice Hyaenodontidae[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ Calas G. (1969.) "Découverte d'un Créodonte dans le Lutétien du Bassin d'Aquitaine." C. R. Somm. Soc. géol. France, 8: 289-290.
^ Springhorn, R. (1982.) "Neue Raubtiere (Mammalia: Creodonta et Carnivora) aus dem Lutetium der Grube Messel (Deutschland)." Palaeontographica Abteilung A, 179, 105–141.
^ L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
^ Polly, P. David; Lange-Badré, Brigitte (1993). „A new genus Eurotherium (Mammalia, Creodonta) in reference to taxonomic problems with some Eocene hyaenodontids from Eurasia”. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. 317: 9910996.
^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ S. Peigné, M. Morlo, Y. Chaimanee, S. Ducrocq, S. T. Tun and J. J. Jaeger (2007.) "New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar—paleobiogeographic implications." Geodiversitas 29(3):441-458
^ Floréal Solé (2013). „New proviverrine genus from the Early Eocene of Europe and the first phylogeny of Late Palaeocene–Middle Eocene hyaenodontidans (Mammalia)”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 11 (4): 375—398. doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.686927.
^ Floréal Solé; Bastien Mennecart (2019). „A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (2): 275—290. doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018 .
^ ^a ^b Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
^ H. W. Matthes (1952.) "I. Abhandlung: Die Creodontier aus der mitteleozänen Braunkohle des Geiseltals (I. Part: The Creodonta from the Middle Eocene of Geiseltal)." Hallesches Jahrbuch für mitteldeutsche Erdgeschichte 1:201-240
^ K. H. Fischer (1964.) "Die tapiroiden Perissodactylen aus der eozänen Braunkohle des Geiseltales (The tapiroid Perissodactyla from the eocene Lignit of the Geiseltal)." Geologie, Beihefte 45:1-101
^ H. Haubold (1982.) "Zur Stellung der Wirbeltierfauna des Geiseltals, insbesondere der Mammalier, im europäischen Mitteleozän (Position of the European Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna of the Geisel Valley, with special focus on mammals)." Zeitschrift für geologische Wissenschaften 10(12):1539-1551
^ Ginsburg L., Arques J., Broin F., Le Calvez Y., Mouton J., Obert D., Privé-Gill C., Rougan J. (1977.) "Découverte d’une faune de mammifères dans le Lutétien supérieur de La Défense, à Puteaux, près Paris (Hauts-de-Seine)." Comptes Rendus de la Société Géologique de France 6: 311–313.
^ Salesa, M. J.; Siliceo, G.; Antón, M.; Martínez, I.; Ortega, F. (2023). „New data on the mammalian fauna from the late middle Eocene (MP 15–16) of Mazaterón (Soria, Spain): The youngest presence of the genus Prodissopsalis (Hyaenodonta, Hyaenodontidae) in Europe”. The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25223.
^ Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776 .
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.
^ Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full.

[1] Calas G. (1969.) "Découverte d'un Créodonte dans le Lutétien du Bassin d'Aquitaine." C. R. Somm. Soc. géol. France, 8: 289-290.

[2] Springhorn, R. (1982.) "Neue Raubtiere (Mammalia: Creodonta et Carnivora) aus dem Lutetium der Grube Messel (Deutschland)." Palaeontographica Abteilung A, 179, 105–141.

[3] L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284

[4] Polly, P. David; Lange-Badré, Brigitte (1993). „A new genus Eurotherium (Mammalia, Creodonta) in reference to taxonomic problems with some Eocene hyaenodontids from Eurasia”. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. 317: 9910996.

[McKenna_&_Bell-5] McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[6] S. Peigné, M. Morlo, Y. Chaimanee, S. Ducrocq, S. T. Tun and J. J. Jaeger (2007.) "New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar—paleobiogeographic implications." Geodiversitas 29(3):441-458

[7] Floréal Solé (2013). „New proviverrine genus from the Early Eocene of Europe and the first phylogeny of Late Palaeocene–Middle Eocene hyaenodontidans (Mammalia)”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 11 (4): 375—398. doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.686927.

[8] Floréal Solé; Bastien Mennecart (2019). „A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene”. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (2): 275—290. doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018 .

[Geodiversitas4213-9] Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.

[10] H. W. Matthes (1952.) "I. Abhandlung: Die Creodontier aus der mitteleozänen Braunkohle des Geiseltals (I. Part: The Creodonta from the Middle Eocene of Geiseltal)." Hallesches Jahrbuch für mitteldeutsche Erdgeschichte 1:201-240

[11] K. H. Fischer (1964.) "Die tapiroiden Perissodactylen aus der eozänen Braunkohle des Geiseltales (The tapiroid Perissodactyla from the eocene Lignit of the Geiseltal)." Geologie, Beihefte 45:1-101

[12] H. Haubold (1982.) "Zur Stellung der Wirbeltierfauna des Geiseltals, insbesondere der Mammalier, im europäischen Mitteleozän (Position of the European Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna of the Geisel Valley, with special focus on mammals)." Zeitschrift für geologische Wissenschaften 10(12):1539-1551

[13] Ginsburg L., Arques J., Broin F., Le Calvez Y., Mouton J., Obert D., Privé-Gill C., Rougan J. (1977.) "Découverte d’une faune de mammifères dans le Lutétien supérieur de La Défense, à Puteaux, près Paris (Hauts-de-Seine)." Comptes Rendus de la Société Géologique de France 6: 311–313.

[14] Salesa, M. J.; Siliceo, G.; Antón, M.; Martínez, I.; Ortega, F. (2023). „New data on the mammalian fauna from the late middle Eocene (MP 15–16) of Mazaterón (Soria, Spain): The youngest presence of the genus Prodissopsalis (Hyaenodonta, Hyaenodontidae) in Europe”. The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25223.

[Matthew2017-15] Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776 .

[Simbakubwa-16] Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.

[hyaenodontsGeobios-17] Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.

[Maocyon-18] Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full.

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