Arnold Šenberg

Arnold Šenberg
Šenberg u Los Anđelesu 1948.
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	(1874-09-13)13. septembar 1874.
Mesto rođenja	Beč, Austrougarska
Datum smrti	13. jul 1951.(1951-07-13) (76 god.)
Mesto smrti	Los Anđeles, SAD

Arnold Šenberg (nem. Arnold Schönberg; Beč, 13. septembar 1874 — Los Anđeles, 13. jul 1951) bio je austrijski kompozitor, teoretičar muzike, profesor, slikar i pisac jevrejskog porekla. Arnold Šenberg je rođen u jevrejskoj porodici niže srednje klase, u Leopoldštat okrugu u Beču. Njegov otac Samuilo, rodom iz Bratislave bio je trgovac. Iako je njegova majka Paulin, rodom iz Praga, bila učiteljica klavira, Arnold je bio uglavnom samouk. On je samo uzimao časove iz kontrapunkta od kompozitora Aleksandra fon Zemlinskog.Od 1933. živeo je u SAD. Svoje prezime zapisivao je nem. Schönberg sve do selidbe u Sjedinjene Američke Države kada se demonstrativno vratio jevrejskoj veri i počeo koristiti ime engl. Schoenberg, „iz poštovanja prema američkoj praksi“. Njegovi prvi radovi predstavljaju nastavak tradicije suprotstavljenih nemačkih romantičarskih stilova Bramsa i Vagnera, dok kasnije počinje da uvodi sve više atonalnost u vidu dodekafonske tehnike komponovanja koja podrazumeva upotrebu tonskih nizova.

Bio je blizak ekspresionističkom pokretu u nemačkoj poeziji i umetnosti, i vođa Druge bečke škole u muzici. U muziku je uveo estetiku atonalnosti i hromatsku lestvicu sa 12 stepeni (dodekafonija). Uveo je izraz „razvojna varijacija“, a bio je i prvi moderni kompozitor koji je uveo razvoj motiva bez obaziranja na dominaciju jedne muzičke teme. Mnogi njegovi postupci, uključujući formalizaciju kompozicione metode, kao i otvoreno pozivanje publike na analitičko razmišljanje, odjekuju u avangardnoj muzičkoj praksi kroz celi 20-ti vek.

Šenberg je bio važan muzički teoretičar i uticajni profesor kompozicije, a njegovi učenici bili su Alban Berg, Anton Vebern, Hans Aisler, Egon Velesc, a kasnije Džon Kejdž, Lu Harison, Erl Kim, Leon Kiršner, i drugi istaknuti muzičari.

Spisak dela

Glavni članak: Spisak kompozicija Arnolda Šenberga

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Arnold Šenberg na sajtu Enciklopedija Britanika
• Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna
• Complete Schoenberg Discography & List of Works
• Texts of vocal works by Schoenberg with translations in various languages at The LiederNet Archive.
• "How Arnold Schoenberg Became Lonely: Imagination versus Reality", Sabine Feisst
• Arnold Šenberg (besplatne pesme za subjekat) na sajtu IMSLP (jezik: engleski)
• „Schoenberg material”. BBC Radio 3 archives. 
• Archival records: Arnold Schoenberg collection, 1900–1951, Library of Congress

Snimci Šengerga

• Recordings at archive.org
• Video and audio Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (27. мај 2011), Israel Studies in Musicology, vol. 5, issue 1 (2006), Bar-Ilan University