Metasinopa

Metasinopa; Vremenski raspon: 33.9–30.0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ rani oligocen
	ilustracija djela donje vilice; vrste Metasinopa ethiopica
	ilustracija donje vilice vrste; Metasinopa fraasii
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Red:	†Hyaenodonta
Natporodica:	†Hyainailouroidea
Porodica:	†Teratodontidae
Potporodica:	†Teratodontinae
Rod:	†Metasinopa; Osborn, 1909
Tipska vrsta
	†Metasinopa fraasii; Osborn, 1909
Vrste
	†Metasinopa ethiopica; †Metasinopa fraasii; †Metasinopa osborni;
Sinonimi
	sinonimi vrste: M. ethiopica: Brychotherium ethiopica (Holroyd, 1994) ; Sinopa aethiopica (Hopwood & Hollyfield, 1954) ; Sinopa ethiopica (Andrews, 1906) ; ;

Metasinopa (Metasinopa — „pored Sinope”) je izumrli rod placentalnih sisara iz izumrle potporodice Teratodontinae unutar izumrle porodice Teratodontidae, koji je u periodu ranog oligocena nastanjivao područje Afrike.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Etimologija naziva[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rod:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Metasinopa	starogrčke riječi meta (stgrč. μετά), koja znači između ili pored i izumrlog roda sisara Sinopa	pored Sinope

Vrste:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
M. ethiopica	roda Metasinopa i latinske riječi aetiopikus (lat. aethiopicus), koja znači etiopsko	etiopska Metasinopa
M. fraasii	roda Metasinopa i prezimena njemačkog paleontologa Eberharda Frasa	frasova Metasinopa
M. osborni	roda Metasinopa i prezimena američkog paleontologa Henrija Ferfilda Ozborna	ozbornova Metasinopa

Sistematika[uredi | uredi izvor]

Klasifikacija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rod: †*Metasinopa* (Osborn, 1909)
Vrste:	Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija:	Vremenski raspon:
†M. ethiopica (Andrews, 1906)^[9]	Egipat (guvernorat Fajum)^[10]	33,9 do 33,7 mil. god.
†M. fraasii (Osborn, 1909)^[11]	Egipat (guvernorat Fajum)^[10]	33,0 do 30,0 mil. god.
†M. osborni (Holroyd, 1994)^[12]	Egipat (guvernorat Fajum)^[13]	33,9 do 30,0 mil. god.
†M. sp. [DPC 4544 & DPC 10199] (Matthew, 2017)^[14]	Egipat (guvernorat Fajum)	period oko 31,0 mil. god.

Filogenija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze roda Metasinopa.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]

†Teratodontidae

†Teratodontinae

†Furodon

?

†Teratodontinae sp. (BC 2’08)

?

†Teratodontinae sp. (CBI-1-614)

†Ekweeconfractus

†Paratritemnodon

†Kyawdawia

	†Brychotherium

?	†Teratodontinae sp. (Locality BQ-2, Fayum, Egypt)

†Dissopsalini

†Metasinopa

	†Metasinopa ethiopica

	†Metasinopa fraasii

	†Metasinopa osborni

?	†Metasinopa sp. (DPC 4544 & DPC 10199)

†Masrasector nananubis

?

†Masrasector pithecodacos

	†Masrasector aegypticum

	†Masrasector ligabuei

	†Anasinopa

	†Teratodontini

†Kyawdawia grupa

†Masrasector

Vremenska rasprostranjenst roda Metasinopa unutar porodice Teratodontidae[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ Holroyd, Patricia Ann (1994.) "An examination of dispersal origins of Fayum Mammalia" Duke University, Ph.D. dissertation.
^ Arthur Tindell Hopwood, June Pamela Hollyfield (1954.) "An Annotated Bibliography of the Fossil Mammals of Africa (1742-1950)", order of the Trustees of the British Museum
^ R. J. G. Savage (1965.) "Fossil Mammals of Africa: The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10(8):241-316
^ L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ S. Peigné, M. Morlo, Y. Chaimanee, S. Ducrocq, S. T. Tun and J. J. Jaeger (2007.) "New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar—paleobiogeographic implications." Geodiversitas 29(3):441-458
^ Solé, F.; Lhuillier, J.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Mahboubi, M.; Tabuce, R. (2013). „The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (3): 303—322. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.795196.
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). „The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition”. PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. PMC 5636082 . PMID 29020030. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301.
^ C. W. Andrews (1906.) "A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt" 1-324
^ ^a ^b Margaret E. Lewis and Michael Morlo (2010.) "Creodonta". In: Lars Werdelin and William Joseph Sanders (eds.) "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa". University of California Press, Berkeley, London, New York, pp. 543-560
^ H. F. Osborn (1909.) "New carnivorous mammals from the Fayûm Oligocene, Egypt." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 26:415-424
^ Holroyd, Patricia Ann (1994.) "An examination of dispersal origins of Fayum Mammalia" Duke University, Ph.D. dissertation.
^ F. Solé, E. M. Essid, W. Marzougui, R. Temani, H. K. Ammar, M. Mahboubi, L. Marivaux, M. Vianey-Liaud and R. Tabuce (2016.) "New fossils of Hyaenodonta (Mammalia) from the Eocene localities of Chambi (Tunisia) and Bir el Ater (Algeria), and the evolution of the earliest African hyaenodonts." Palaeontologia Electronica 19(3):41A:1-23
^ ^a ^b Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776 .
^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.
^ Flink, T.; Cote, S. (2021). „The neurocranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) and the evolution of the brain in some hyaenodontan carnivores”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1927748. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1927748.
^ Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full.

[1] Holroyd, Patricia Ann (1994.) "An examination of dispersal origins of Fayum Mammalia" Duke University, Ph.D. dissertation.

[2] Arthur Tindell Hopwood, June Pamela Hollyfield (1954.) "An Annotated Bibliography of the Fossil Mammals of Africa (1742-1950)", order of the Trustees of the British Museum

[3] R. J. G. Savage (1965.) "Fossil Mammals of Africa: The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10(8):241-316

[4] L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284

[McKenna_&_Bell-5] McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[6] S. Peigné, M. Morlo, Y. Chaimanee, S. Ducrocq, S. T. Tun and J. J. Jaeger (2007.) "New discoveries of hyaenodontids (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the Pondaung Formation, middle Eocene, Myanmar—paleobiogeographic implications." Geodiversitas 29(3):441-458

[7] Solé, F.; Lhuillier, J.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Mahboubi, M.; Tabuce, R. (2013). „The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (3): 303—322. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.795196.

[8] Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). „The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition”. PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. PMC 5636082 . PMID 29020030. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301.

[9] C. W. Andrews (1906.) "A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt" 1-324

[Lewis2010-10] Margaret E. Lewis and Michael Morlo (2010.) "Creodonta". In: Lars Werdelin and William Joseph Sanders (eds.) "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa". University of California Press, Berkeley, London, New York, pp. 543-560

[11] H. F. Osborn (1909.) "New carnivorous mammals from the Fayûm Oligocene, Egypt." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 26:415-424

[12] Holroyd, Patricia Ann (1994.) "An examination of dispersal origins of Fayum Mammalia" Duke University, Ph.D. dissertation.

[13] F. Solé, E. M. Essid, W. Marzougui, R. Temani, H. K. Ammar, M. Mahboubi, L. Marivaux, M. Vianey-Liaud and R. Tabuce (2016.) "New fossils of Hyaenodonta (Mammalia) from the Eocene localities of Chambi (Tunisia) and Bir el Ater (Algeria), and the evolution of the earliest African hyaenodonts." Palaeontologia Electronica 19(3):41A:1-23

[Matthew2017-14] Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776 .

[Simbakubwa-15] Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.

[Geodiversitas4213-16] Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.

[hyaenodontsGeobios-17] Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.

[Flink2021-18] Flink, T.; Cote, S. (2021). „The neurocranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) and the evolution of the brain in some hyaenodontan carnivores”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1927748. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1927748.

[Maocyon-19] Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full.

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