Uintacyon

Uintacyon ; (parafiletski rod); Vremenski raspon: 55.8–45.7 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N rani do srednji eocen
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Mammalia
Kladus:	Pan-Carnivora
Kladus:	Carnivoramorpha
Kladus:	Carnivoraformes
Rod:	†Uintacyon; Leidy, 1872
Tipska vrsta
	†Uintacyon edax; Leidy, 1872
Vrste
	†Uintacyon acutus; †Uintacyon asodes; †Uintacyon edax; †Uintacyon gingerichi; †Uintacyon hookeri; †Uintacyon jugulans; †Uintacyon massetericus; †Uintacyon rudis; †Uintacyon vorax;
Sinonimi
	sinonimi roda: Triacodon (Cope, 1872) ; sinonimi vrste: U. edax: Miacis edax (Cope, 1884) ; ; U. massetericus: Didymictis massetericus (Cope, 1882) ; Viverravus massetericus (Hay, 1902) ; ; U. rudis: Uintacyon massetericus rudis (Matthew & Granger, 1915) ; ; U. vorax: Miacis vorax (Cope, 1884) ; ;

Uintacyon (Uintakion — „pas sa Uinta planina”) je izumrli parafiletski rod placentalni sisara iz kladusa Carnivoraformes, koji je u periodu od ranog do srednjeg eocena nastanjivao područje Sjeverne Amerike i Evrope.^[4]^[5]

Etimologija naziva[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rod:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
Uintacyon	Uinta planina, planinskog lanca koji se prostire na području američki savezni država Juta i Vajoming i starogrčke riječi kion (stgrč. κύων), koja znači pas	pas sa Uinta planina^[6]

Vrste:	Porijeklo naziva od:	Značenje naziva:
U. acutus	roda Uintacyon i latinske riječi akutus (lat. acutus), koja znači oštar	oštri Uintakion
U. asodes	roda Uintacyon i starogrčke riječi asodes (stgrč. ἀσώδης), koja znači blatnjav	blatnjavi Uintakion
U. edax	roda Uintacyon i latinske riječi edaks (lat. edax), što znači pohlepan ili proždrljiv	pohlepni Uintakion
U. gingerichi	roda Uintacyon i prezimena američkog palentologa profesora Filipa Džindžeriča	džindžeričov Uintakion
U. hookeri	roda Uintacyon i prezimena britanskog palentologa Džerija Hukera	hukerov Uintakion
U. jugulans	roda Uintacyon i latinske riječi jugulum (lat. iugulum), što znači ubistvo	Uintakion ubica
U. massetericus	roda Uintacyon i starogrčke riječi maseteras (stgrč. μασητήρ), koja znači onaj koji žvaće	Uintakion koji žvaće
U. rudis	roda Uintacyon i latinske riječi rudis (lat. rudis), što znači grub	grubi Uintakion
U. vorax	roda Uintacyon i latinske riječi voraks (lat. vorax), što znači proždrljiv	proždrljivi Uintakion

dio donje vilice vrste Uintacyon asodes

djelovi lobanje vrste Uintacyon jugulans

dio donje vilice vrste Uintacyon rudis

Sistematika[uredi | uredi izvor]

Istorija klasifikacije[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rod Uintacyon je u prošlosti bio uvrštavan unutar izumrle porodice Miacidae, ali je kasnije prepoznat kao predstavnik kladusa Carnivoraformes.

Klasifikacija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Rod: †*Uintacyon* ^{(parafiletski rod)} (Leidy, 1872)
Vrste:	Rasprostranjenost fosila i lokacija:	Vremenski raspon:
†U. acutus (Thorpe, 1923)^[7]	SAD (Juta)	46,2 do 45,7 mil. god.
†U. asodes (Gazin, 1952)^[8]	SAD (Vajoming i Kolorado)	54,7 do 50,0 mil. god.
†U. edax (Leidy, 1872)^[9]	SAD (Kolorado)	50,3 do 46,2 mil. god.
†U. gingerichi (Heinrich, 2008)^[10]	SAD (Vajoming)^[11]	54,9 do 54,7 mil. god.
†U. hookeri (Solé, 2014)^[12]	Francuska (Grand Est i O de Frans)	55,8 do 48,6 mil. god.
†U. jugulans (Matthew, 1909)^[13]	SAD (Vajoming)	47,0 do 46,2 mil. god.
†U. massetericus (Cope, 1882)^[14]	SAD (Vajoming, Kolorado i Novi Meksiko)	54,9 do 50,5 mil. god.
†U. rudis (Matthew & Granger, 1915)^[15]	SAD (Vajoming)^[16] UK (Veliki London)^[17]	55,8 do 52,4 mil. god.
†U. vorax (Leidy, 1872)	SAD (Vajoming i Kolorado)	50,0 do 45,7 mil. god.
†U. sp. [USGS 1983] (Bown, 1982)^[18]	SAD (Vajoming)	50,5 do 46,2 mil. god.

Filogenija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dolje prikazan kladogram predstavlja filogenetske veze parafiletskog roda Uintacyon.^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]

Carnivoramorpha

†Viverravidae

	†Viverravoidea

?	†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

?	†Ravenictis

sensu lato

?

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

?

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

?

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

Carnivoraformes

Kladus "B"

	†Eogale

?	†"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299)

	†Gracilocyon igniculus

	†Gracilocyon winkleri

†Gracilocyon solei

†Gracilocyon

?

†Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania)

	†Gracilocyon rosei

	†Gracilocyon rundlei

†Paramiacis

†Paroodectes

†Oodectes jepseni

†Oodectes

†Oodectes herpestoides

†Oodectes proximus

†Oodectes pugnax

†Uintacyon hookeri

†Uintacyon rudis

†Uintacyon

	†Uintacyon massetericus

	†Uintacyon vorax

†Uintacyon asodes

†Uintacyon edax

	†Uintacyon acutus

	†Uintacyon jugulans

	†Uintacyon gingerichi

	†Xinyuictis

†Zodiocyon

	†Miocyon

	†Simamphicyon

	†Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983)

	†Messelogale

	†Quercygalidae

Kladus "C"

	†Palaearctonyx

(†Phlaodectes)	†Vulpavus ovatus

†Vulpavus profectus

	†Vulpavus australis

	†Vulpavus canavus

†Vulpavus completus

†Vulpavus

†Vulpavus farsonensis

†Vulpavus palustris

†Vassacyon

	†Dormaalocyon

	†"Miacis" exiguus

†"Miacis" deutschi

?

†Africtis

?

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B

†Dawsonicyon

?

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

?

†"Miacis" hookwayi

†"Miacis" latidens

†"Miacis" petilus

?	†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A

	†Miacis

Kladus "D"

	†Lycarion

	†"Miacis" hargeri

?

†Ceruttia

?

†"Miacis" invictus

†"Miacis" lushiensis

†Neovulpavus

	†Harpalodon

	†Procynodictis

†Prodaphaenus

?

†Walshius

	†"Miacis" gracilis

	†Tapocyon

	Carnivora (sensu stricto)

†Gracilocyon/Oodectes grupa

†Vulpavus grupa

(Carnivora [sensu lato])

Vremenska rasprostranjenst parafiletskog roda Uintacyon unutar kladusa Carnivoraformes[uredi | uredi izvor]

Vidi još[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ E. D. Cope (1872) "Second account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-3
^ E. D. Cope (1884) "Second addition to the knowledge of the Puerco Epoch." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 21(114):309-324
^ O. P. Hay (1902.) "Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America." Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868
^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9780521355193
^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.
^ M. R. Thorpe (1923.) "Notes on the Bridger (Eocene) Carnivora." Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (9. januar 2023) American Journal of Science 5(25):23-39
^ C. L. Gazin (1952.) "The Lower Eocene Knight Formation Of Western Wyoming and Its Mammalian Faunas." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117(18):1-82
^ J. Leidy (1872) "Remarks on Fossils from Wyoming." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24(3):277
^ Heinrich, R. E.; Strait, S. G.; Houde, P. (2008). „Earliest Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from northwestern Wyoming”. Journal of Paleontology. 82 (1): 154—162. doi:10.1666/05-118.1.
^ K. D. Rose, A. E. Chew, R. H. Dunn, M. J. Kraus, H. C. Fricke and S. P. Zack (2012.) "Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36:1-122
^ Solé, Floréal (1. 9. 2014). „New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes”. Palaeontology (na jeziku: engleski). 57 (5): 963—978. ISSN 1475-4983. doi:10.1111/pala.12097.
^ W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
^ E. D. Cope (1882.) "Contributions to the history of the Vertebrata of the lower Eocene of Wyoming and New Mexico, made during 1881." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20(111):139-197
^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
^ K. D. Rose (1981.) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197
^ Jerry J. Hooker (2010). "The mammal fauna of the early Eocene Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood, London". Palaeontographical Society. str. 1—162. ISSN 0269-3445.
^ T. M. Bown (1982) "Geology, Paleontology, and Correlation of Eocene Volcaniclastic Rocks, Southeast Absaroka Range, Hot Springs County, Wyoming." United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1201-A:A1-A75
^ Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). „Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations”. Ur.: Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony. Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. str. 25–63. ISBN 9781139193436. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003.
^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). „Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1—21. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195.
^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). „New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480.
^ Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). „Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world”. Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1—115. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74.

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

J. Leidy (1873) "Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories." In F. V. Hayden (ed.), Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1:1-358
W. B. Scott (1892.) "A revision of the North American Creodonta with notes on some genera which have been referred to that group." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 44:291-323
J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew (1899.) "The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, the Viverridae, and Procyonidae." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12(6):109-138
Flynn, John J.; Galiano, Henry (1982). „Phylogeny of Early Tertiary Carnivora, With a Description of a New Species of Protictis From the Middle Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming”. American Museum Novitates. 2725: 1—64.
J. J. Hooker (1986.) "Mammals from the Bartonian (middle/late Eocene) of the Hampshire Basin, southern England." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 39(4):191-478
Anthony R. Friscia and D. Tab Rassmussen (2010) „Middle Eocene Carnivoramorpha of the Uinta Basin, Utah”. Annals of Carnegie Museum, vol. 79 (1), pp. 51-63
M. T. Silcox, J. I. Bloch, D. M. Boyer and P. Houde (2010.) "Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160:773-825

[1] E. D. Cope (1872) "Second account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-3

[2] E. D. Cope (1884) "Second addition to the knowledge of the Puerco Epoch." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 21(114):309-324

[3] O. P. Hay (1902.) "Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America." Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868

[McKenna_&_Bell-4] McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Pristupljeno 16. 3. 2015. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

[5] J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9780521355193

[6] Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (na jeziku: engleski). U.S. Government Printing Office.

[7] M. R. Thorpe (1923.) "Notes on the Bridger (Eocene) Carnivora." Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (9. januar 2023) American Journal of Science 5(25):23-39

[8] C. L. Gazin (1952.) "The Lower Eocene Knight Formation Of Western Wyoming and Its Mammalian Faunas." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117(18):1-82

[9] J. Leidy (1872) "Remarks on Fossils from Wyoming." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24(3):277

[10] Heinrich, R. E.; Strait, S. G.; Houde, P. (2008). „Earliest Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from northwestern Wyoming”. Journal of Paleontology. 82 (1): 154—162. doi:10.1666/05-118.1.

[11] K. D. Rose, A. E. Chew, R. H. Dunn, M. J. Kraus, H. C. Fricke and S. P. Zack (2012.) "Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36:1-122

[Sole-2014-12] Solé, Floréal (1. 9. 2014). „New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes”. Palaeontology (na jeziku: engleski). 57 (5): 963—978. ISSN 1475-4983. doi:10.1111/pala.12097.

[13] W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567

[14] E. D. Cope (1882.) "Contributions to the history of the Vertebrata of the lower Eocene of Wyoming and New Mexico, made during 1881." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20(111):139-197

[15] W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103

[Rose1981-16] K. D. Rose (1981.) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197

[17] Jerry J. Hooker (2010). "The mammal fauna of the early Eocene Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood, London". Palaeontographical Society. str. 1—162. ISSN 0269-3445.

[18] T. M. Bown (1982) "Geology, Paleontology, and Correlation of Eocene Volcaniclastic Rocks, Southeast Absaroka Range, Hot Springs County, Wyoming." United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1201-A:A1-A75

[asdff-19] Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). „Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations”. Ur.: Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony. Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. str. 25–63. ISBN 9781139193436. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003.

[SoléSmith2014-20] Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). „Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1—21. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195.

[SoléSmith2016-21] Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). „New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480.

[Tomiya2021-22] Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). „Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world”. Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1—115. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74.

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