Usev — разлика између измена

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[[Датотека:New World Domesticated plants.JPG|мини|250px|десно|Domestikovane biljke]]
[[Датотека:New World Domesticated plants.JPG|мини|250px|десно|Domestikovane biljke]]


'''Usev''' ili '''poljoprivredna kultura''' je naziv za biljke (ono što je posejano i izniklo<ref>-{Речник српских говора Војводине, измењено и допуњено издање у 4 тома, приредили мр Дејан Милорадов, Катарина Сунајко, мр Ивана Ћелић и др Драгољуб Петровић, Матица српска, Нови Сад.}-</ref>) koje su uzgajane u svrhu proizvodnje hrane za ljude ili stoku, goriva, industrijskog materijala ili u neku drugu svrhu. Proizvod, koji se dobija žetvom se naziva prinos. Usev se može odnositi na delove biljke koji se ubiraju ili na žetvu u prerađenom stanju. Većina useva se uzgaja putem [[Poljoprivreda|poljoprivrede]] ili [[Akvakultura|akvakulture]]. Pojam useva se obično proširuje tako da obuhvata makroskopske [[gljive]] (npr. [[pečurke]]) i [[alge]] ([[algaculture|algokultura]]).
'''Usev''' ili '''poljoprivredna kultura''' je naziv za biljke (ono što je posejano i izniklo<ref>-{Речник српских говора Војводине, измењено и допуњено издање у 4 тома, приредили мр Дејан Милорадов, Катарина Сунајко, мр Ивана Ћелић и др Драгољуб Петровић, Матица српска, Нови Сад.}-</ref>) koje su uzgajane u svrhu proizvodnje hrane za ljude ili stoku, goriva, industrijskog materijala ili u neku drugu svrhu. Proizvod, koji se dobija žetvom se naziva prinos. Usev se može odnositi na delove biljke koji se ubiraju ili na žetvu u prerađenom stanju. Većina useva se uzgaja putem [[Poljoprivreda|poljoprivrede]] ili [[Akvakultura|akvakulture]]. Pojam useva se obično proširuje tako da obuhvata makroskopske [[gljive]] (npr. [[pečurke]]) i [[alge]]<ref>{{cite web |title=How much oxygen comes from the ocean? |website=National Ocean Service |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ocean-oxygen.html |access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> ([[algaculture|algokultura]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Huesemann |first1=M. |last2=Williams |first2=P. |last3=Edmundson |first3=Scott J. |last4=Chen |first4=P. |last5=Kruk |first5=R. |last6=Cullinan |first6=V. |last7=Crowe |first7=B. |last8=Lundquist |first8=T. |date=September 2017 |title=The laboratory environmental algae pond simulator (LEAPS) photobioreactor: Validation using outdoor pond cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana and Nannochloropsis salina |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.017 |journal=Algal Research |volume=26 |pages=39–46 |doi=10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.017 |osti=1581797 |issn=2211-9264}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lane |first1=Katie |last2=Derbyshire |first2=Emma |last3=Li |first3=Weili |last4=Brennan |first4=Charles |title=Bioavailability and Potential Uses of Vegetarian Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Review of the Literature |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |date=January 2014 |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=572–579 |doi=10.1080/10408398.2011.596292|pmid=24261532 |s2cid=30307483 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winwood |first1=R.J. |title=Algal oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids |journal=Food Enrichment with Omega-3 Fatty Acids |date=2013 |pages=389–404 |doi=10.1533/9780857098863.4.389|isbn=9780857094285 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lenihan-Geels |first1=Georgia |last2=Bishop |first2=Karen |last3=Ferguson |first3=Lynnette |title=Alternative Sources of Omega-3 Fats: Can We Find a Sustainable Substitute for Fish? |journal=Nutrients |date=18 April 2013 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1301–1315 |doi=10.3390/nu5041301|pmid=23598439 |pmc=3705349 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="10.1007/s43615-021-00084-3">{{cite journal |last1=Venkatesh |first1=G. |title=Circular Bio-economy—Paradigm for the Future: Systematic Review of Scientific Journal Publications from 2015 to 2021 |journal=Circular Economy and Sustainability |date=1 March 2022 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=231–279 |doi=10.1007/s43615-021-00084-3 |language=en |issn=2730-5988|doi-access=free }}</ref>).


Većina useva se [[harvest|ubira]] kao [[hrana]] za ljude ili [[krmno bilje]] za [[stoka|stoku]]. Neki usevi se sakupljaju iz divljine (uključujući [[intensive gathering|intenzivno sakupljanje]], npr. [[ženšen]]).
Većina useva se [[harvest|ubira]] kao [[hrana]] za ljude ili [[krmno bilje]] za [[stoka|stoku]]. Neki usevi se sakupljaju iz divljine (uključujući [[intensive gathering|intenzivno sakupljanje]], npr. [[ženšen]]<ref name="drugs">{{cite web |title=Ginseng |url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/ginseng.html |publisher=Drugs.com |access-date=1 April 2019 |date=2019}}</ref><ref name="nccih2">{{cite web|url=https://nccih.nih.gov/health/asianginseng/ataglance.htm|title=Asian ginseng|date=September 2016|publisher=National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD|access-date=10 February 2017}}</ref>).


Važne neprehrambene kulture uključuju hortikulturu, cvećarstvo i industrijske useve. [[Хортикултура|Hortikulturni]] usevi obuhvataju biljke koje se koriste za druge useve (npr. [[fruit trees|voćke]]). [[Цвећарство|Cvetne]] kulture uključuju rasadne biljke, sobne biljke, cvetnice u vrtu i cveće u saksijama, rezane kultivisane biljke i [[cut flowers|rezano cveće]]. [[Industrial crop|Industrijske kulture]] se proizvode za [[Одећа|odeću]]́ ([[fiber crop|vlaknasti usevi]]), [[biogorivo]] ([[energy crop|energetski usevi]], [[algae fuel|gorivo iz algi]]), ili [[medicina|medicinu]] ([[lekovito bilje]]).
Važne neprehrambene kulture uključuju hortikulturu, cvećarstvo i industrijske useve. [[Хортикултура|Hortikulturni]] usevi obuhvataju biljke koje se koriste za druge useve (npr. [[fruit trees|voćke]]). [[Цвећарство|Cvetne]] kulture uključuju rasadne biljke, sobne biljke, cvetnice u vrtu i cveće u saksijama, rezane kultivisane biljke i [[cut flowers|rezano cveće]]. [[Industrial crop|Industrijske kulture]] se proizvode za [[Одећа|odeću]]́ ([[fiber crop|vlaknasti usevi]]), [[biogorivo]] ([[energy crop|energetski usevi]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mola-Yudego |first1=Blas |last2=Aronsson |first2=Pär |title=Yield models for commercial willow biomass plantations in Sweden |journal=Biomass and Bioenergy |date=September 2008 |volume=32 |issue=9 |pages=829–837 |doi=10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.01.002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Agostini |first1=Francesco |last2=Gregory |first2=Andrew S. |last3=Richter |first3=Goetz M. |title=Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? |journal=BioEnergy Research |date=15 January 2015 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=1057–1080 |doi=10.1007/s12155-014-9571-0 |pmid=26855689 |pmc=4732603 }}</ref> [[algae fuel|gorivo iz algi]]), ili [[medicina|medicinu]] ([[lekovito bilje]]).


== Važni prehrambeni usevi ==
== Važni prehrambeni usevi ==
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== Reference ==
== Reference ==
{{извори}}
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== Literatura ==
== Literatura ==
{{почетак референци|30em}}
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{{refend}}


== Spoljašnje veze ==
== Spoljašnje veze ==

Верзија на датум 1. јул 2023. у 19:52

Domestikovane biljke

Usev ili poljoprivredna kultura je naziv za biljke (ono što je posejano i izniklo[1]) koje su uzgajane u svrhu proizvodnje hrane za ljude ili stoku, goriva, industrijskog materijala ili u neku drugu svrhu. Proizvod, koji se dobija žetvom se naziva prinos. Usev se može odnositi na delove biljke koji se ubiraju ili na žetvu u prerađenom stanju. Većina useva se uzgaja putem poljoprivrede ili akvakulture. Pojam useva se obično proširuje tako da obuhvata makroskopske gljive (npr. pečurke) i alge[2] (algokultura[3][4][5][6][7]).

Većina useva se ubira kao hrana za ljude ili krmno bilje za stoku. Neki usevi se sakupljaju iz divljine (uključujući intenzivno sakupljanje, npr. ženšen[8][9]).

Važne neprehrambene kulture uključuju hortikulturu, cvećarstvo i industrijske useve. Hortikulturni usevi obuhvataju biljke koje se koriste za druge useve (npr. voćke). Cvetne kulture uključuju rasadne biljke, sobne biljke, cvetnice u vrtu i cveće u saksijama, rezane kultivisane biljke i rezano cveće. Industrijske kulture se proizvode za odećú (vlaknasti usevi), biogorivo (energetski usevi,[10][11] gorivo iz algi), ili medicinu (lekovito bilje).

Važni prehrambeni usevi

Sušenje useva u domaćinstvu u Pandžabu, Indija.

Značaj useva znatno varira od regiona do regiona. Na globalnom nivou, sledeći usevi najviše doprinose snabdevanju namirnicama (vrednosti kcal/osoba/ dan za 2013. godinu date su u zagradama): pirinač (541 kcal), pšenica (527 kcal), šećerna trska i ostali šećerni usevi (200 kcal), kukuruz (147 kcal), sojino ulje (82 kcal), ostalo povrće (74 kcal), krompir (64 kcal), palmino ulje (52 kcal), tapioka (37 kcal), mahunarke (37 kcal), suncokretovo ulje (35 kcal), ulje uljane repice i senfa (34 kcal), ostalo voće (31 kcal), sirak (28 kcal), proso (27 kcal), kikiriki (25 kcal), pasulj (23 kcal), slatki krompir (22 kcal), banane (21 kcal), razni orašasti plodovi (16 kcal), soja (14 kcal), pamučno ulje (13 kcal), ulje kikirikija (13 kcal), jam (13 kcal).[12] Mnogi od globalno naizgled manjih useva regionalno su veoma važni. Na primer, u Africi dominiraju korenasti i lukovičasti usevi dominiraju sa 421 kcal/osoba/dnevno, a sirak i proso doprinose sa 135 kcal i 90 kcal, respektivno.[12]

U pogledu proizvedene težine, najvažniji su sedeći usevi (globalna proizvodnja u hiljadama metričkih tona):[13]

Usev 2000 2013
Šećerna trska 1,256,380 1.877.110
Kukuruz 592,479 1.016.740
Pirinač 599,355 745.710
Žito 585,691 713.183
Krompir 327,600 368.096

Vidi još

Reference

  1. ^ Речник српских говора Војводине, измењено и допуњено издање у 4 тома, приредили мр Дејан Милорадов, Катарина Сунајко, мр Ивана Ћелић и др Драгољуб Петровић, Матица српска, Нови Сад.
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Literatura

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