Мистицизам

„Мистик” преусмерава овде. За друге употребе погледајте страницу Мистик (вишезначна одредница).

Liber Divinorum Operum, или Универзални човек Хилдегарда Бингенског, 1185 (копија из 13. века)

Мистицизам (од грчког μυστικός [mystikós] – мистикос = „скривено“, „тајно“) је веровање у врховне стварности изнад материјалне, и настојање да се достигне једност са том Стварношћу (или Богом) непосредним доживљајем, мимо разумских схватања.

У мистицизам се убраја свако учење које сматра да је основа стварности нешто натприродно, нематеријално и да се до тог божанског не долази појмовно, рационално, већ непосредним осећањем, интуицијом или увидом. У таквом стању мистичног иступљења (екстазе) мистик се осећа сједињен с апсолутним, божанским. Мистицизам је лично искуство и директан пут ка Богу (или Стварности), и као такав представља посебну врсту искуства које је изван сваког разумског знања. Стога се мистично често употребљава као синоним за антирационално, ненаучно.

Мистика се јавља у различитим традицијама (јеврејска, хришћанска, исламска), а мистици често нагињу пантеизму. У јудаизму, мистицизам је присутан у учењу Кабале. Мистицизам је био веома значајан за развој хришћанства, развијајући се и у православној (исихазам) и католичкој цркви (квијетизам). У исламу, суфизам је мистички аспект, усмерен остварењу Божјег јединства и присуства кроз љубав и екстатичко јединство. И у филозофији многих нововеких филозофа постоје мистички елементи (Шелинг, Шлајермахер, Соловјов, Лоски и др.).

Будући да се многи елементи мистицизма заснивају на старогрчком гностицизму, у неким научним круговима мистицизам се често назива и теозофија, тј. пут на средини између теологије и филозофије.

Мистичке традиције

Ово су примери главних традиција и филозофија са јаким елементима мистицизма:

• Античке мистерије
• Бахаи вера
• Гностицизам
• исихазам (православље)
• Кабала (јудаизам)
• Плес духова
• Психоделично искуство
• Квекери (протестантизам)
• Квијетизам (католицизам)
• Суфизам (ислам)
• Таоизам
• Тибетански будизам
• Веданта (хиндуизам)
• Јога (хиндуизам)
• Зен (будизам)

Хришћански мистици

• Апостол Павле
• Свети Августин
• Тома Аквински
• Хилдегарда Бингенска
• Фрањо Асишки
• Ернандо де Талавера
• Франсиско де Осуна
• Хуан де Авила
• Луис де Леон
• Сан Хуан де ла Круз
• Тереза Авилска
• Игнасио де Лојола
• Рамон Љуљ
• Мајстор Екхарт
• Јакоб Беме
• Емануел Сведенборг
• Ана Катарина Емерик
• Јакоб Лорбер

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Спољашње везе

• Dan Merkur, Mysticism, Encyclopædia Britannica
• Jerome Gellmann, Mysticism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• James McClenon, Mysticism, Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
• Encyclopedia.com, Mysticism
• Resources – Medieval Jewish History – Jewish Mysticism The Jewish History Resource Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
• Shaku soens influence on western notions of mysticism
• "Self-transcendence enhanced by removal of portions of the parietal-occipital cortex" Article from the Institute for the Biocultural Study of Religion