Kerber

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Kerber

Kerber

Kerber (grč. Κέρβερος) (lat. Cerberus) (na grčkom „demon iz jame“) je u grčkoj mitologiji bio pas - čuvar Hadovog podzemnog carstva.

Mitologija

Ovo čudovišno stvorenje imalo je tri glave i zmiju na repu. Bio je potomak Ehidne i Tifona, sestre su mu bile Himera i Hidra, a brat Ortar. Njegov zastrašujući izgled odlično je odgovarao dužnosti koju je Kerber obavljao u podzemnom svetu Hada. Bio je strog stražar na ulazu i još stroži na izlazu. Mrtve je u podzemni svet puštao prilično blagonaklono, ali napolje nije puštao nikoga. Po svojoj stražarskoj budnosti i dužnosti, Kerber je postao poslovičan, ali mu se ipak događalo da ga neko i prevari.

Nekoliko puta su ga savladali različiti junaci:

• Herakle u svom poslednjem zadatku
• Orfej ga je uspavao pomoću svojih muzičkih sposobnosti
• Hermes ga je uspavao vodom iz reke Lete
• Psiha ga je uspavala otrovnim medenjacima
• Sibila ga je uspavala otrovnim medenjacima da bi Eneja mogao ući u podzemno carstvo (rimska mitologija)

Herakle i Kerber

Heraklo hvata Kerbera, Sebald Beham 1540

Heraklov poslednji zadatak bio je hvatanje Kerbera. Morao je da se spusti u mračno Hadovo carstvo i dovede Kerbera. Kraj samih vrata koja vode u Hadovo carstvo, Herakle je ugledao Tezeja i tesalijskog kralja Perifoja koji su bili pričvršćeni za stenu. Bogovi su ih kaznili, jer su Hadu hteli da otmu njegovu ženu Persefonu. Herakle se sažali i odmah oslobodi Tezeja, ali kad je pokušao da oslobodi Perifoja, zemlja se zatrese, i on odmah shvati da bogovi ne žele njegovo oslobođenje. Dugo je lutao podzemnim carstvom gde je naišao na mnoge užasne stvari, ali je konačno stigao do Hadovog prestola. Herkul je od Hada tražio Kerbera, i on mu ga je obećao, pod uslovom da ga uhvati bez oružja. Herakle je dugo tražio Kerbera po podzemnom carstvu, i na kraju ga našao na obalama Aheronta. Herakle ga je ukrotio, i odveo iz carstva mraka u Mikenu. Kerber se silno uplaši svetlosti. Otrovna pena kapaše iz njegovih čeljusti na zemlju. Svuda kud bi kanula makar jedna kap te tečnosti, nicale su otrovne trave. Herakle dovede Kerbera do mikenskih zidina, ali užas obuze plašljivog Euristeja od jednog pogleda strašnog psa. Skoro na kolenima je molio Herakla da ga opet vrati u podzemno carstvo. Herakle ispuni poslednju njegovu molbu, i vrati Hadu njegovog strašnog čuvara.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Kerber u klasičnoj literaturi i umetnosti
• Chisholm, Hugh, ur. (1911). „Cerberus”. Encyclopædia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski) (11 izd.). Cambridge University Press.