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Narendra Modi

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Narendra Modi
Narendra Modi 2022. godine
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja(1950-09-17)17. septembar 1950. (74 god.)
Mesto rođenjaVadnagar, Indija
DržavljanstvoIndija
ReligijaHinduizam
ProfesijaDelhijski univerzitet
Porodica
SupružnikJašodaben Modi (1968; razveden)
Politička karijera
Politička
stranka		Indijska narodna partija (BJP)
14. Premijer Indije
Trenutna funkcija
Funkciju obavlja od 26. maja 2014
Predsednik
PrethodnikManmohan Sing
14. predsednik savezne države Gudžarat
1. januar 2002 — 16. maj 2014.
PrethodnikKešubaj Patel
NaslednikAnandiben Patel
Potpis

Narendra Damodardas Modi (engl. Narendra Damodardas Modi, rođen 17. septembra 1950. u Vadnagaru Indija) je indijski političar. Lider je stranke Indijska narodna partija, izabran je za premijera Indije[1][2][3] i stupio na dužnost 21. maja 2014. Studirao je politikologiju na Gudžaratskom univerzitetu i ima master diplomu.[4] Smatra se da je indijski nacionalista i član je Hinduističkog saveza dobrovoljaca („Rаštríj svajamsеvak sangh“)

Modi je predvodio BJP na opštim izborima 2014. koji su toj stranci dali većinu u donjem domu indijskog parlamenta, Lok sabha, prvi put za jednu stranku od 1984. Modijeva administracija je pokušala da poveća direktne strane investicije u indijsku ekonomiju i umanji potrošnju na zdravstvenu zaštitu, obrazovanje i programe socijalne zaštite. Modi je centralizovao vlast ukidanjem Komisije za planiranje. On je započeo sanitarnu kampanju visokog profila, kontroverzno inicirao demonetizaciju novčanica visokih apoena i transformaciju poreskog režima, i oslabio ili ukinuo zakone o zaštiti životne sredine i radu. On je nadgledao odgovor zemlje na pandemiju Kovid-19. Modi je dobijao konstantno visoke ocene odobravanja tokom svog mandata.[5][6][7]

Pod Modijevim mandatom, Indija je doživela demokratsko nazadovanje.[8][9][a] Nakon pobede njegove stranke na opštim izborima 2019. godine, njegova administracija je ukinula specijalni status Džamua i Kašmira, uvela Zakon o izmenama i dopunama o državljanstvu i tri kontroverzna zakona o farmama, što je izazvalo široke proteste i polemike širom zemlje, i to je rezultiralo formalnim ukidanjem tih zakona. Opisan kao inžinjering političkog prestrojavanja ka desničarskoj politici, Modi ostaje kontroverzna figura na domaćem i međunarodnom nivou zbog svojih hinduističkih nacionalističkih uverenja i njegovog rešavanja nereda u Gudžaratu 2002. godine, koji se navode kao dokaz agende društvene ekskluzije.[b]

Politička karijera

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1998. godine, na zahtev tadašnjeg lidera Narodne partije Lal Krišna, vodio izbornu kampanju stranke u državama Gudžarat i Himačal Pradeš. U oktobru 2001. godine, postao je glavni ministar Džujarata, zamenivši Kešubaja Patela. 2007 godine, ponovo je izabran za treći mandat, i u 2012. godini - Četvrti Kao u Indiji tako i u inostranstvu, Modi se smatra izuzetnom kontroverznom figurom, izazvao je oštre kritike njegove rukovanje Gudžaratom pogroma 2002. godine. Konkretno, on je optužen za pružanje zaštite indijskih muslimana. Uprkos tome, modi uživa ogromnu podršku među stanovništvom Gudžarata. On je zaslužan za brz ekonomski rast od države u 2000-ih.

Napomene

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  1. ^ Sources describing that India has experienced a backslide in democracy:[10][11][12][13][14]
  2. ^ Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Reference

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  1. ^ „India's Modi on course to become prime minister”. Reuters. 15. 05. 2014. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 06. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 16. 05. 2014. 
  2. ^ „Modi wins India's election with a landslide, early results show”. Reuters. 16. 05. 2014. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 06. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 16. 05. 2014. 
  3. ^ Election Results 2014: BJP Sweeps, Narendra Modi Wins Both Seats
  4. ^ Narendra Modi. In: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 34/2013 vom 20. August 2013, ergänzt um Nachrichten durch MA-Journal bis KW 14/2014 (abgerufen via Munzinger Online).
  5. ^ Kaul, Volker; Vajpeyi, Ananya (2020). Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe. Springer Publishing. str. 22. ISBN 9783030340988. „...keeping him consistently popular with his voters and supporters. Modi's personal approval ratings have been consistently high...” 
  6. ^ Staff. „Global Leader Approval Ratings”. Morning Consult (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 9. 9. 2022. 
  7. ^ „PM Narendra Modi continues to be most popular global leader with approval rating of 74%: Survey”. The Times of India (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 9. 9. 2022. 
  8. ^ Welzel, Christian; Inglehart, Ronald; Bernhangen, Patrick; Haerpfer, Christian W. (2019), „Introduction”, Ur.: Welzel, Christian; Inglehart, Ronald; Bernhangen, Patrick; Haerpfer, Christian W., Democratization, Oxford University Press, str. 4, 7, ISBN 978-0-19-873228-0, „(p.7) Our diagram ... reveals that India's score in comprehensive democracy is at best half the Western level, which conflicts with the standard democracy measures by Polity and Freedom House where India scores much higher. On the other hand, India's modest democracy performance in the V-Dem data fully confirms Alexander, Welzel, and Inglehart (2012) who argue that India's state of democracy is overestimated by standard measures and needs to take account of serious deficiencies in rule of law and human rights enforcement (cf. Inglehart and Welzel 2005; Welzel and Inglehart 2006; Alexander and Welzel 2011).’ The recent considerable drop of the ‘Indic East’ mainly reflects India's democratic backsliding under the Hindu-nationalist administration of Modi. (p.4 The 'Indic East' comprises those nations in South Asia whose history was shaped by Indian culture.)” 
  9. ^ Chidambaram, Soundarya (2022), „India's Inexorable Path to Autocratization: Looking beyond Modi and the populist lens”, Ur.: Widmalm, Sten, Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia, Routledge, str. 130—148, S2CID 245210210, doi:10.4324/9781003042211-11, „(T)he electoral success of populist parties has also coincided with a decline of democracy across the globe (Giinther and Liihrmann, 2018). The focal point in this regard is the rise of populist demagogues and authoritarian strongmen who have caused democratic decline by cracking down on political dissent and curbing the autonomy of the judiciary and the free press, thus creating the conditions for democratic backsliding and decline (Levitsky and Ziblatt, 2018). The path of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) in India since 2014 seems to fit this description. The BJP's hegemonic control of Indian politics has been coterminous with aggressive cultural nationalist rhetoric manifesting itself as routinized intimidation and killing of journalists and political critics, vigilante lynching of Muslims, and a general clampdown on dissent (Kesavan, 2017). Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister and leader of the BJP epitomizes the populist strongman with his charismatic appeal, centralization of power (Vaishnav, 2019), and ability to connect with the masses through clever use of media (Martelli and Jaffrelot, 2017; Vaishnav, 2021). Not surprisingly, scholars and commentators looking at contemporary Indian politics converge on the idea that Modi's populist leadership of the BJP is the reason for the havoc being wreaked on democratic institutions in the country (Kinnvall, 2019; Chatterji et al., 2019; Basu, 2018; Chacko, 2018; Nilsen, 2018)” 
  10. ^ Brunkert, Lennart; Kruse, Stefan; Welzel, Christian (3. 4. 2019). „A tale of culture-bound regime evolution: the centennial democratic trend and its recent reversal”. Democratization. 26 (3): 422—443. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 148625260. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430. 
  11. ^ Khaitan, Tarunabh (26. 5. 2020). „Killing a Constitution with a Thousand Cuts: Executive Aggrandizement and Party-state Fusion in India”. Law & Ethics of Human Rights (na jeziku: engleski). 14 (1): 49—95. ISSN 2194-6531. S2CID 221083830. doi:10.1515/lehr-2020-2009. 
  12. ^ Ganguly, Sumit (18. 9. 2020). „India's Democracy Is Under Threat”. Foreign Policy (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 27. 11. 2020. 
  13. ^ „India: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report”. Freedom House. 2021. „While India is a multiparty democracy, the government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has presided over discriminatory policies and increased violence affecting the Muslim population. The constitution guarantees civil liberties including freedom of expression and freedom of religion, but harassment of journalists, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and other government critics has increased significantly under Modi.” 
  14. ^ Goel, Vindu; Gettleman, Jeffrey (2. 4. 2020). „Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore”Slobodan pristup ograničen dužinom probne verzije, inače neophodna pretplata. The New York Times (na jeziku: engleski). ISSN 0362-4331. Arhivirano iz originala 2. 4. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 9. 3. 2021. 
  15. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (19. 9. 2011). „A rebirth dogged by controversy”. The Independent. London. Arhivirano iz originala 25. 12. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 10. 10. 2012. 
  16. ^ Visweswaran, Kamala (april 2011). Visweswaran, Kamala, ur. Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Wiley-Blackwell. str. 188. ISBN 978-1-4051-0062-5. OCLC 682895189. Pristupljeno 30. 8. 2021. „The chief minister of Gujarat, a young up-and-coming leader of the Hindu nationalists called Narendra Modi, quoted Isaac Newton to explain the killings of Muslims. "Every action", he said, "has an equal and opposite reaction."” 
  17. ^ Stepan, Alfred (7. 1. 2015). „India, Sri Lanka, and the Majoritarian Danger”. Journal of Democracy (na jeziku: engleski). 26: 128—140. S2CID 153861198. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0006. Pristupljeno 30. 8. 2021. 
  18. ^ Ganguly, Sumit (oktobar 2014). „India's Watershed Vote: The Risks Ahead”. Journal of Democracy. 25 (4): 56—60. S2CID 154421269. doi:10.1353/jod.2014.0077. Pristupljeno 30. 8. 2021. 
  19. ^ „Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 16. 4. 2015. Arhivirano iz originala 14. 10. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 17. 2. 2017. 
  20. ^ Robinson, Simon (11. 12. 2007). „India's Voters Torn Over Politician”. Time. Arhivirano iz originala 23. 10. 2013. g. Pristupljeno 10. 10. 2012. 
  21. ^ Burke, Jason (28. 3. 2010). „Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10 hours at massacre inquiry”. The Guardian. Arhivirano iz originala 9. 9. 2013. g. Pristupljeno 10. 10. 2012. 

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

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Narendra Modi na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Vikicitat ima citate vezane za članak Narendra Modi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Нарендра_Моди&oldid=28708931”