Нарендра Моди — разлика између измена

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Ред 1: Ред 1:
{{Short description|Премијер Индије од 2014}}
{{Инфокутија Политичар
{{Инфокутија Политичар
| име = Нарендра Моди
| име = Нарендра Моди
Ред 16: Ред 17:
| потпис = Signature of Narendra Modi (Hindi).svg
| потпис = Signature of Narendra Modi (Hindi).svg
| супружник = Јашодабен Моди <small> (1968; разведен)
| супружник = Јашодабен Моди <small> (1968; разведен)
<!--премијер Индије-->
| функција_1 = 14. Премијер Индије
| функција_1 = 14. Премијер Индије
| датум_функције_1 = [[21. мај]] [[2014]]
| датум_функције_1 = [[21. мај]] [[2014]]
Ред 23: Ред 23:
| претходник_1 = [[Манмохан Синг]]
| претходник_1 = [[Манмохан Синг]]
| наследник_1 =
| наследник_1 =
<!--председник Гуџарата-->
| функција_2 = 14. председник савезне државе [[Гуџарат]]
| функција_2 = 14. председник савезне државе [[Гуџарат]]
| почетак_функције_2 = [[1. јануар]] [[2002]]
| почетак_функције_2 = [[1. јануар]] [[2002]]
Ред 33: Ред 32:
}}
}}


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'''Нарендра Дамодардас Моди''' ({{јез-енг|Narendra Damodardas Modi}}, рођен [[17. септембар|17. септембра]] [[1950]]. у [[Ваднагар]]у [[Индија]]) је индијски политичар. Лидер је странке [[Индијска народна партија]], изабран је за премијера Индије <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/15/us-india-election-polls-idUSBREA4E06W20140515|title=India's Modi on course to become prime minister|date=15. 05. 2014|accessdate=16. 05. 2014|website=Reuters|publisher=|last=|first=|archive-date=26. 06. 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626192310/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/15/us-india-election-polls-idUSBREA4E06W20140515|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/16/us-india-election-idUSBREA4E0XG20140516|title=Modi wins India's election with a landslide, early results show|date=16. 05. 2014|accessdate=16. 05. 2014|website=Reuters|publisher=|last=|first=|archive-date=26. 06. 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626193133/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/16/us-india-election-idUSBREA4E0XG20140516|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/cheat-sheet/election-results-2014-bjp-sweeps-narendra-modi-wins-both-seats-525311?curl=1400224934 Election Results 2014: BJP Sweeps, Narendra Modi Wins Both Seats{{Ботовски наслов}}]</ref> и ступио на дужност [[21. мај]]а [[2014]].
'''Нарендра Дамодардас Моди''' ({{јез-енг|Narendra Damodardas Modi}}, рођен [[17. септембар|17. септембра]] [[1950]]. у [[Ваднагар]]у [[Индија]]) је индијски политичар.

⚫
Лидер је странке [[Индијска народна партија]], изабран је за премијера Индије <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/15/us-india-election-polls-idUSBREA4E06W20140515|title=India's Modi on course to become prime minister|date=15. 05. 2014|accessdate=16. 05. 2014|website=Reuters|publisher=|last=|first=|archive-date=26. 06. 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626192310/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/15/us-india-election-polls-idUSBREA4E06W20140515|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/16/us-india-election-idUSBREA4E0XG20140516|title=Modi wins India's election with a landslide, early results show|date=16. 05. 2014|accessdate=16. 05. 2014|website=Reuters|publisher=|last=|first=|archive-date=26. 06. 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626193133/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/16/us-india-election-idUSBREA4E0XG20140516|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/cheat-sheet/election-results-2014-bjp-sweeps-narendra-modi-wins-both-seats-525311?curl=1400224934 Election Results 2014: BJP Sweeps, Narendra Modi Wins Both Seats{{Ботовски наслов}}]</ref> и ступио на дужност [[21. мај]]а [[2014]].


Студирао је политикологију на Гуџаратском универзитету и има мастер диплому. <ref name="Munzinger">''Narendra Modi''. In: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 34/2013 vom 20. August 2013, ergänzt um Nachrichten durch MA-Journal bis KW 14/2014 (abgerufen via Munzinger Online).</ref> Сматра се да је индијски националиста и члан је Хиндуистичког савеза добровољаца („-{Rаštríj svajamsеvak sangh}-“)
Студирао је политикологију на Гуџаратском универзитету и има мастер диплому. <ref name="Munzinger">''Narendra Modi''. In: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 34/2013 vom 20. August 2013, ergänzt um Nachrichten durch MA-Journal bis KW 14/2014 (abgerufen via Munzinger Online).</ref> Сматра се да је индијски националиста и члан је Хиндуистичког савеза добровољаца („-{Rаštríj svajamsеvak sangh}-“)
{{rut}}
Моди led the BJP in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] which gave the party a majority in the [[lower house]] of Indian parliament, the [[Lok Sabha]], the first time for any single party since [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]. Modi's administration has tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy and reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social welfare programmes. Modi centralised power by abolishing the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]. He began a [[Swachh Bharat Mission|high-profile sanitation campaign]], controversially initiated a [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|demonetisation of high-denomination banknotes]] and a [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|transformation of the taxation regime]], and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. He oversaw the country's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Modi has received [[Opinion polling on the Narendra Modi premiership|consistently high approval ratings]] during his tenure.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Kaul |first1=Volker |title=Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe |last2=Vajpeyi |first2=Ananya |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |year=2020 |isbn=9783030340988 |pages=22 |quote=...keeping him consistently popular with his voters and supporters. Modi's personal approval ratings have been consistently high...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |title=Global Leader Approval Ratings |url=https://morningconsult.com/global-leader-approval/ |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=[[Morning Consult]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=PM Narendra Modi continues to be most popular global leader with approval rating of 74%: Survey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-continues-to-be-most-popular-global-leader-with-approval-rating-of-74-survey/articleshow/93527036.cms |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced democratic backsliding.<ref name=welzel-etal-2019>{{citation|last1=Welzel|first1=Christian|last2=Inglehart|first2=Ronald|last3=Bernhangen|first3=Patrick|last4=Haerpfer|first4=Christian W.|editor1-last=Welzel |editor1-first=Christian|editor2-last=Inglehart|editor2-first=Ronald|editor3-last=Bernhangen|editor3-first=Patrick|editor4-last=Haerpfer |editor4-first=Christian W. |chapter=Introduction |title=Democratization |year=2019|pages=4, 7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IN8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-873228-0|quote=(p.7) Our diagram ... reveals that India's score in comprehensive democracy is at best half the Western level, which conflicts with the standard democracy measures by Polity and Freedom House where India scores much higher. On the other hand, India's modest democracy performance in the V-Dem data fully confirms Alexander, Welzel, and Inglehart (2012) who argue that India's state of democracy is overestimated by standard measures and needs to take account of serious deficiencies in rule of law and human rights enforcement (cf. Inglehart and Welzel 2005; Welzel and Inglehart 2006; Alexander and Welzel 2011).’ The recent considerable drop of the ‘Indic East’ mainly reflects India's democratic backsliding under the Hindu-nationalist administration of Modi. (<small>p.4 The 'Indic East' comprises those nations in South Asia whose history was shaped by Indian culture.)</small>}}</ref><ref name=chidambaram-2022>{{citation|last=Chidambaram|first=Soundarya|chapter=India's Inexorable Path to Autocratization: Looking beyond Modi and the populist lens |year=2022 |title=Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia|editor-last=Widmalm|editor-first=Sten|publisher=Routledge|pages=130–148|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNBUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT138|doi= 10.4324/9781003042211-11|s2cid=245210210|quote=(T)he electoral success of populist parties has also coincided with a decline of democracy across the globe (Giinther and Liihrmann, 2018). The focal point in this regard is the rise of populist demagogues and authoritarian strongmen who have caused democratic decline by cracking down on political dissent and curbing the autonomy of the judiciary and the free press, thus creating the conditions for democratic backsliding and decline (Levitsky and Ziblatt, 2018). The path of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) in India since 2014 seems to fit this description. The BJP's hegemonic control of Indian politics has been coterminous with aggressive cultural nationalist rhetoric manifesting itself as routinized intimidation and killing of journalists and political critics, vigilante lynching of Muslims, and a general clampdown on dissent (Kesavan, 2017). Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister and leader of the BJP epitomizes the populist strongman with his charismatic appeal, centralization of power (Vaishnav, 2019), and ability to connect with the masses through clever use of media (Martelli and Jaffrelot, 2017; Vaishnav, 2021). Not surprisingly, scholars and commentators looking at contemporary Indian politics converge on the idea that Modi's populist leadership of the BJP is the reason for the havoc being wreaked on democratic institutions in the country (Kinnvall, 2019; Chatterji et al., 2019; Basu, 2018; Chacko, 2018; Nilsen, 2018)}}</ref>{{Efn|name=lo9|group=lower-alpha|Sources describing that India has experienced a [[Democratic backsliding|backslide in democracy]]:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brunkert|first1=Lennart|last2=Kruse|first2=Stefan|last3=Welzel|first3=Christian|date=3 April 2019|title=A tale of culture-bound regime evolution: the centennial democratic trend and its recent reversal|url=http://fox.leuphana.de/portal/de/publications/a-tale-of-culturebound-regime-evolution-the-centennial-democratic-trend-and-its-recent-reversal(2b6baaf4-3942-4491-92ca-55782d455a62).html|journal=Democratization|volume=26|issue=3|pages=422–443|doi=10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430|s2cid=148625260|issn=1351-0347}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Khaitan|first=Tarunabh|date=26 May 2020|title=Killing a Constitution with a Thousand Cuts: Executive Aggrandizement and Party-state Fusion in India|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/lehr/14/1/article-p49.xml|journal=Law & Ethics of Human Rights|language=en|volume=14|issue=1|pages=49–95|doi=10.1515/lehr-2020-2009|s2cid=221083830|issn=2194-6531}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Ganguly|first=Sumit|title=India's Democracy Is Under Threat|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/18/indias-democracy-is-under-threat/|date=18 September 2020|access-date=27 November 2020|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=2021|title=India: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report|url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/india/freedom-world/2021|journal=[[Freedom House]]|volume=|pages=|via=|quote=While India is a multiparty democracy, the government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has presided over discriminatory policies and increased violence affecting the Muslim population. The constitution guarantees civil liberties including freedom of expression and freedom of religion, but harassment of journalists, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and other government critics has increased significantly under Modi.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first1=Vindu|last1=Goel|first2=Jeffrey|last2=Gettleman|date=2 April 2020|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402132111/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html |archive-date=2 April 2020 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=9 March 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>}} Following his party's victory in the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]], his administration [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]], introduced the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act]] and three controversial [[2020 Indian agriculture acts|farm laws]], which prompted [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|widespread protests]] and [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|sit-in]]s across the country, resulting in a formal [[repeal]] of the latter. Described as engineering a political realignment towards [[right-wing politics]], Modi remains a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his handling of the 2002 Gujarat riots, cited as evidence of an [[Social exclusion|exclusionary social]] agenda.{{efn|Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi.<ref name="Buncombe">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=A rebirth dogged by controversy |first=Andrew |last=Buncombe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=19 September 2011 |access-date=10 October 2012 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225024707/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/a-rebirth-dogged-by-controversy-2357157.html |archive-date=25 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Visweswaran |first=Kamala |title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation|date=April 2011|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5|page=188|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Perspectives_on_Modern_South_Asia/m-EYXNnvMugC?hl=en&gbpv=0|oclc=682895189|editor=Visweswaran, Kamala|quote=The chief minister of Gujarat, a young up-and-coming leader of the Hindu nationalists called Narendra Modi, quoted Isaac Newton to explain the killings of Muslims. "Every action", he said, "has an equal and opposite reaction."|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Stepan">{{cite journal |last1=Stepan |first1=Alfred |s2cid=153861198 |title=India, Sri Lanka, and the Majoritarian Danger |journal=[[Journal of Democracy]] |volume=26 |pages=128–140 |language=en |doi=10.1353/jod.2015.0006 |date=7 January 2015|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3590a4efe3e1f4f0d5f37d4d1f8fa3fd1e353d97|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Ganguly 2014">{{cite journal|last1=Ganguly|first1=Sumit|s2cid=154421269|title=India's Watershed Vote: The Risks Ahead|journal=[[Journal of Democracy]]|date=October 2014|volume=25|issue=4|pages=56–60|doi=10.1353/jod.2014.0077|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d1972096ec288e4b0c58679a16bf66172fdb31e|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="CBC">{{#invoke:cite news||title=Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=16 April 2015|access-date=17 February 2017|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014073116/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/indian-pm-narendra-modi-still-mired-in-controversy-says-expert-1.3036836|archive-date=14 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Robinson">{{#invoke:cite news||title=India's Voters Torn Over Politician |first=Simon |last=Robinson |url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=11 December 2007 |access-date=10 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023030008/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1693370,00.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Burke">{{#invoke:cite news||title=Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10&nbsp;hours at massacre inquiry |first1=Jason |last1=Burke |author-link=Jason Burke |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=28 March 2010 |access-date=10 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909181320/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/28/gujarat-narendra-modi-massacre-inquiry-india |archive-date=9 September 2013 }}</ref>|name=|group=}}


== Политичка каријера ==
== Политичка каријера ==
[[1998]]. године, на захтев тадашњег лидера [[Индијска народна партија|Народне партије]] Лал Кришна, водио изборну кампању странке у државама [[Гуџарат]] и [[Химачал Прадеш]]. У октобру 2001. године, постао је главни министар Џујарата, заменивши Кешубаја Патела. 2007 године, поново је изабран за трећи мандат, и у 2012. години - Четврти
[[1998]]. године, на захтев тадашњег лидера [[Индијска народна партија|Народне партије]] Лал Кришна, водио изборну кампању странке у државама [[Гуџарат]] и [[Химачал Прадеш]]. У октобру 2001. године, постао је главни министар Џујарата, заменивши Кешубаја Патела. 2007 године, поново је изабран за трећи мандат, и у 2012. години - Четврти
Као у Индији тако и у иностранству, Моди се сматра изузетном контроверзном фигуром, изазвао је оштре критике његове руковање Гуџаратом погрома 2002. године. Конкретно, он је оптужен за пружање заштите индијских муслимана. Упркос томе, моди ужива огромну подршку међу становништвом Гуџарата. Он је заслужан за брз економски раст од државе у 2000-их. Нарендра Моди је признат као најбољи главни министар Индије.
Као у Индији тако и у иностранству, Моди се сматра изузетном контроверзном фигуром, изазвао је оштре критике његове руковање Гуџаратом погрома 2002. године. Конкретно, он је оптужен за пружање заштите индијских муслимана. Упркос томе, моди ужива огромну подршку међу становништвом Гуџарата. Он је заслужан за брз економски раст од државе у 2000-их. Нарендра Моди је признат као најбољи главни министар Индије.

== Напомене ==
{{Reflist|30em|group=lower-alpha}}


== Референце ==
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* {{Britannica|1908292}}
* {{Britannica|1908292}}
* {{Official website|1=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4589|name=Lok Sabha website}}
* {{Official website|1=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4589|name=Lok Sabha website}}
* {{Dawn topic|narendra-modi}}
* {{Guardian topic|world/narendra-modi}}
* {{New York Times topic|person/narendra-modi}}
* {{New York Times topic|person/narendra-modi}}
* {{IMDb name|id=5177533/|name=Narendra Modi}}
* {{IMDb name|id=5177533/|name=Narendra Modi}}

Верзија на датум 2. октобар 2022. у 15:49

Нарендра Моди
Нарендра Моди 2022. године
Лични подаци
Датум рођења(1950-09-17)17. септембар 1950. (73 год.)
Место рођењаВаднагар, Индија
ДржављанствоИндија
РелигијаХиндуизам
ПрофесијаДелхијски универзитет
Породица
СупружникЈашодабен Моди (1968; разведен)
Политичка каријера
Политичка
странка		Индијска народна партија (BJP)
14. Премијер Индије
Тренутна функција
Функцију обавља од 21. мај 2014
Председник
ПретходникМанмохан Синг
14. председник савезне државе Гуџарат
1. јануар 2002 — 16. мај 2014.
ПретходникКешубај Пател
НаследникАнандибен Пател
Потпис

Нарендра Дамодардас Моди (енгл. Narendra Damodardas Modi, рођен 17. септембра 1950. у Ваднагару Индија) је индијски политичар. Лидер је странке Индијска народна партија, изабран је за премијера Индије [1][2][3] и ступио на дужност 21. маја 2014.

Студирао је политикологију на Гуџаратском универзитету и има мастер диплому. [4] Сматра се да је индијски националиста и члан је Хиндуистичког савеза добровољаца („Rаštríj svajamsеvak sangh“)

Моди led the BJP in the 2014 general election which gave the party a majority in the lower house of Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, the first time for any single party since 1984. Modi's administration has tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy and reduced spending on healthcare, education, and social welfare programmes. Modi centralised power by abolishing the Planning Commission. He began a high-profile sanitation campaign, controversially initiated a demonetisation of high-denomination banknotes and a transformation of the taxation regime, and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. He oversaw the country's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Modi has received consistently high approval ratings during his tenure.[5][6][7]

Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced democratic backsliding.[8][9][а] Following his party's victory in the 2019 general election, his administration revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, introduced the Citizenship Amendment Act and three controversial farm laws, which prompted widespread protests and sit-ins across the country, resulting in a formal repeal of the latter. Described as engineering a political realignment towards right-wing politics, Modi remains a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his handling of the 2002 Gujarat riots, cited as evidence of an exclusionary social agenda.[б]

Политичка каријера

1998. године, на захтев тадашњег лидера Народне партије Лал Кришна, водио изборну кампању странке у државама Гуџарат и Химачал Прадеш. У октобру 2001. године, постао је главни министар Џујарата, заменивши Кешубаја Патела. 2007 године, поново је изабран за трећи мандат, и у 2012. години - Четврти Као у Индији тако и у иностранству, Моди се сматра изузетном контроверзном фигуром, изазвао је оштре критике његове руковање Гуџаратом погрома 2002. године. Конкретно, он је оптужен за пружање заштите индијских муслимана. Упркос томе, моди ужива огромну подршку међу становништвом Гуџарата. Он је заслужан за брз економски раст од државе у 2000-их. Нарендра Моди је признат као најбољи главни министар Индије.

Напомене

  1. ^ Sources describing that India has experienced a backslide in democracy:[10][11][12][13][14]
  2. ^ Sources discussing the controversy surrounding Modi.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Референце

  1. ^ „India's Modi on course to become prime minister”. Reuters. 15. 05. 2014. Архивирано из оригинала 26. 06. 2015. г. Приступљено 16. 05. 2014. 
  2. ^ „Modi wins India's election with a landslide, early results show”. Reuters. 16. 05. 2014. Архивирано из оригинала 26. 06. 2015. г. Приступљено 16. 05. 2014. 
  3. ^ Election Results 2014: BJP Sweeps, Narendra Modi Wins Both Seats
  4. ^ Narendra Modi. In: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 34/2013 vom 20. August 2013, ergänzt um Nachrichten durch MA-Journal bis KW 14/2014 (abgerufen via Munzinger Online).
  5. ^ Kaul, Volker; Vajpeyi, Ananya (2020). Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe. Springer Publishing. стр. 22. ISBN 9783030340988. „...keeping him consistently popular with his voters and supporters. Modi's personal approval ratings have been consistently high...” 
  6. ^ Staff. „Global Leader Approval Ratings”. Morning Consult (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 9. 9. 2022. 
  7. ^ „PM Narendra Modi continues to be most popular global leader with approval rating of 74%: Survey”. The Times of India (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 9. 9. 2022. 
  8. ^ Welzel, Christian; Inglehart, Ronald; Bernhangen, Patrick; Haerpfer, Christian W. (2019), „Introduction”, Ур.: Welzel, Christian; Inglehart, Ronald; Bernhangen, Patrick; Haerpfer, Christian W., Democratization, Oxford University Press, стр. 4, 7, ISBN 978-0-19-873228-0, „(p.7) Our diagram ... reveals that India's score in comprehensive democracy is at best half the Western level, which conflicts with the standard democracy measures by Polity and Freedom House where India scores much higher. On the other hand, India's modest democracy performance in the V-Dem data fully confirms Alexander, Welzel, and Inglehart (2012) who argue that India's state of democracy is overestimated by standard measures and needs to take account of serious deficiencies in rule of law and human rights enforcement (cf. Inglehart and Welzel 2005; Welzel and Inglehart 2006; Alexander and Welzel 2011).’ The recent considerable drop of the ‘Indic East’ mainly reflects India's democratic backsliding under the Hindu-nationalist administration of Modi. (p.4 The 'Indic East' comprises those nations in South Asia whose history was shaped by Indian culture.)” 
  9. ^ Chidambaram, Soundarya (2022), „India's Inexorable Path to Autocratization: Looking beyond Modi and the populist lens”, Ур.: Widmalm, Sten, Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia, Routledge, стр. 130—148, S2CID 245210210, doi:10.4324/9781003042211-11, „(T)he electoral success of populist parties has also coincided with a decline of democracy across the globe (Giinther and Liihrmann, 2018). The focal point in this regard is the rise of populist demagogues and authoritarian strongmen who have caused democratic decline by cracking down on political dissent and curbing the autonomy of the judiciary and the free press, thus creating the conditions for democratic backsliding and decline (Levitsky and Ziblatt, 2018). The path of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) in India since 2014 seems to fit this description. The BJP's hegemonic control of Indian politics has been coterminous with aggressive cultural nationalist rhetoric manifesting itself as routinized intimidation and killing of journalists and political critics, vigilante lynching of Muslims, and a general clampdown on dissent (Kesavan, 2017). Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister and leader of the BJP epitomizes the populist strongman with his charismatic appeal, centralization of power (Vaishnav, 2019), and ability to connect with the masses through clever use of media (Martelli and Jaffrelot, 2017; Vaishnav, 2021). Not surprisingly, scholars and commentators looking at contemporary Indian politics converge on the idea that Modi's populist leadership of the BJP is the reason for the havoc being wreaked on democratic institutions in the country (Kinnvall, 2019; Chatterji et al., 2019; Basu, 2018; Chacko, 2018; Nilsen, 2018)” 
  10. ^ Brunkert, Lennart; Kruse, Stefan; Welzel, Christian (3. 4. 2019). „A tale of culture-bound regime evolution: the centennial democratic trend and its recent reversal”. Democratization. 26 (3): 422—443. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 148625260. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1542430. 
  11. ^ Khaitan, Tarunabh (26. 5. 2020). „Killing a Constitution with a Thousand Cuts: Executive Aggrandizement and Party-state Fusion in India”. Law & Ethics of Human Rights (на језику: енглески). 14 (1): 49—95. ISSN 2194-6531. S2CID 221083830. doi:10.1515/lehr-2020-2009. 
  12. ^ Ganguly, Sumit (18. 9. 2020). „India's Democracy Is Under Threat”. Foreign Policy (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 27. 11. 2020. 
  13. ^ „India: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report”. Freedom House. 2021. „While India is a multiparty democracy, the government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has presided over discriminatory policies and increased violence affecting the Muslim population. The constitution guarantees civil liberties including freedom of expression and freedom of religion, but harassment of journalists, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and other government critics has increased significantly under Modi.” 
  14. ^ Goel, Vindu; Gettleman, Jeffrey (2. 4. 2020). „Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore”Слободан приступ ограничен дужином пробне верзије, иначе неопходна претплата. The New York Times (на језику: енглески). ISSN 0362-4331. Архивирано из оригинала 2. 4. 2020. г. Приступљено 9. 3. 2021. 
  15. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (19. 9. 2011). „A rebirth dogged by controversy”. The Independent. London. Архивирано из оригинала 25. 12. 2011. г. Приступљено 10. 10. 2012. 
  16. ^ Visweswaran, Kamala (април 2011). Visweswaran, Kamala, ур. Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Wiley-Blackwell. стр. 188. ISBN 978-1-4051-0062-5. OCLC 682895189. Приступљено 30. 8. 2021. „The chief minister of Gujarat, a young up-and-coming leader of the Hindu nationalists called Narendra Modi, quoted Isaac Newton to explain the killings of Muslims. "Every action", he said, "has an equal and opposite reaction."” 
  17. ^ Stepan, Alfred (7. 1. 2015). „India, Sri Lanka, and the Majoritarian Danger”. Journal of Democracy (на језику: енглески). 26: 128—140. S2CID 153861198. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0006. Приступљено 30. 8. 2021. 
  18. ^ Ganguly, Sumit (октобар 2014). „India's Watershed Vote: The Risks Ahead”. Journal of Democracy. 25 (4): 56—60. S2CID 154421269. doi:10.1353/jod.2014.0077. Приступљено 30. 8. 2021. 
  19. ^ „Indian PM Narendra Modi still mired in controversy, says expert”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 16. 4. 2015. Архивирано из оригинала 14. 10. 2017. г. Приступљено 17. 2. 2017. 
  20. ^ Robinson, Simon (11. 12. 2007). „India's Voters Torn Over Politician”. Time. Архивирано из оригинала 23. 10. 2013. г. Приступљено 10. 10. 2012. 
  21. ^ Burke, Jason (28. 3. 2010). „Gujarat leader Narendra Modi grilled for 10 hours at massacre inquiry”. The Guardian. Архивирано из оригинала 9. 9. 2013. г. Приступљено 10. 10. 2012. 

Литература

Спољашње везе

Нарендра Моди на Викимедијиној остави.
Викицитат има цитате везане за чланак Нарендра Моди.
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